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Thermus thermophilus HB27 laccase (Tth-Lac) is a thermostable enzyme that contains a β-hairpin (Ala292-Gln307) covering the substrate entrance. We analyzed the role of this β-hairpin in the enzymatic activity of Tth-Lac through three β-hairpin mutants: two variants without the β-hairpin (C1Tth-Lac and C2Tth-Lac) and one with a partially modified β-hairpin (P1Tth-Lac). Enzymatic activity was assayed with different substrates with and without copper. C1Tth-Lac showed a higher dependency on copper, increasing its activity by 1600-fold for syringaldazine (SGZ). All mutants presented a higher activity than Tth-Lac with phenolic substrates in the presence of copper. The position of the signal associated with CuT2 also changed, as shown in EPR spectra. Elucidation of the crystal structure of P1Tth-Lac mutant (PDB: 9CPM) showed that the partial deletion of the β-hairpin did not significantly affect the overall tertiary structure compared to the wild-type (PDB: 2xu9) nor the coordination of the four internally bound Cu atoms. Higher B-factors of the residues downstream of the deletion indicate increased flexibility (Q307, G308, P309, S310) that were otherwise more ordered in the Tth-Lac structure. Redox potential experiments on platinum electrodes have shown that all proteins have high redox potential, a finding that could have significant implications in the field of protein research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance athletic performance and reduce the risk of injury, load quantification has allowed for a better understanding of the individual characteristics of the physical demands on soccer players during training or competition. In this regard, it appears crucial to summarize scientific evidence to provide useful information and future directions related to the speed and acceleration profiles of male soccer players. This review aims to evaluate the findings reflected in the available literature on both profiles in football, synthesizing and discussing data from scientific articles, while providing insights into quantification methods, employed thresholds, tracking systems, terminology, playing position, and microcycle day. Therefore, it is hoped that this narrative review can support objective decision-making in practice for coaches, sports scientists, and medical teams regarding individualized load management and the appropriate selection of metrics, to explore current trends in soccer player profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vulvar cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma, poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its complex presentation and high rates of postoperative complications. Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating the expertise of gynecologic oncologists, dermatologists, plastic surgeons, and other specialists. This review highlights the dermatologist's role in supporting early diagnosis, addressing predisposing conditions such as lichen sclerosus, and managing postoperative wound complications, including surgical site infections and dehiscence. Through two clinical cases, we illustrate how dermatological expertise complements surgical efforts by employing advanced wound care techniques such as negative pressure wound therapy and tailored dressing protocols. By collaborating closely with gynecologists and other team members, dermatologists enhance patient outcomes, ensuring timely recovery and the prevention of long-term sequelae. The article also discusses recent advances in treatment guidelines and targeted therapies, underscoring the importance of integrated care for optimizing patient outcomes in vulvar cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To quantify microvascular lesions in a large real-world data (RWD) set, based on single central retinal fundus images of diabetic eyes from different origins, with the aim of validating its use as a precision tool for classifying diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity. Design: Retrospective meta-analysis across multiple fundus image datasets. Sample size: The study analyzed 2445 retinal fundus images from diabetic patients across four diverse RWD international datasets, including populations from Spain, India, China and the US. Intervention: The quantification of specific microvascular lesions: microaneurysms (MAs), hemorrhages (Hmas) and hard exudates (HEs) using advanced automated image analysis techniques on central retinal images to validate reliable metrics for DR severity assessment. The images were pre-classified in the DR severity levels as defined by the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy (ICDR) scale. Main Outcome Measures: The primary variables measured were the number of MAs, Hmas, red lesions (RLs) and HEs. These counts were related with DR severity levels using statistical methods to validate the relationship between lesion counts and disease severity. Results: The analysis revealed a robust and statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in the number of microvascular lesions and the DR severity across all datasets. Tight data distributions were reported for MAs, Hmas and RLs, supporting the reliability of lesion quantification for accurately assessing DR severity. HEs also followed a similar pattern, but with a broader dispersion of data. Data used in this study are consistent with the definition of the DR severity levels established by the ICDR guidelines. Conclusions: The statistically significant increase in the number of microvascular lesions across DR severity validate the use of lesion quantification in a single central retinal field as a key biomarker for disease classification and assessment. This quantification method demonstrates an improvement over traditional assessment scales, providing a quantitative microvascular metric that enhances the precision of disease classification and patient monitoring. The inclusion of a numerical component allows for the detection of subtle variations within the same severity level, offering a deeper understanding of disease progression. The consistency of results across diverse datasets not only confirms the method's reliability but also its applicability in a global healthcare setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effects of clinoptilolite (CTL) and ferulic acid (FA) supplementation on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, gas production, and bacterial abundance. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design (FA: 0 or 300 ppm; CTL: 0 or 1%) with repeated measures over time (2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h). Throughout the incubation period, the CTL and FAZ treatments recorded the highest pH values (p ≤ 0.05), maintaining levels closest to neutrality after 72 h. After 48 and 72 h, FA and CTL decreased (p ≤ 0.05) the ammonia concentrations while increasing (p ≤ 0.05) acetate and propionate. The methane, butyrate, and iso-VFA concentrations were unaffected (p > 0.05) by any treatment. FA increased the total gas production throughout the experimental period (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, FA and CTL significantly reduced the relative abundance of Ruminococcus albus and Streptococcus bovis (p ≤ 0.05), while no significant effects were observed for Selenomonas ruminantium (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that both additives can positively modify the rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial composition, which could significantly contribute to animal nutrition by providing a promising strategy for enhancing rumen fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Numerous exercise programs that improve physical capacity and the risk of falls in older adults have been proposed with varying degrees of success. A novel approach may be to use a video game system that uses real-time force feedback to train older adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a Nintendo™ Wii-based exercise program on physical function and risk of falls in older people. (2) Methods: This 12-week randomized controlled clinical trial involved 73 participants: 36 individuals participating in a control group (CG) and 37 in an experimental group (EG) participating in a combined program. Balance was measured using the Tinetti scale, flexibility was assessed with the back scratch test and the sit-and-reach test, and lower body strength was assessed with the 30 s chair stand-up test. (3) Results: The results of this study show significant improvements in balance, gait, flexibility, and strength of the lower limbs compared to a control group. (4) Conclusions: A Nintendo™ Wii-based exercise program for seniors produces improvements in the physical health of older adults. These improvements highlight the importance of integrating physical exercise through video games as an effective strategy to improve the general health and quality of life of older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: The aim was to analyze the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the Mini Sarcopenia Risk Assessment (MSRA) in older adults. (2) Methods: A total of 136 participants (72.24 ± 5.21 years, 68.38% women) took part in the study. The MSRA includes two questionnaires with seven (MSRA-7) and five items (MSRA-5). First, reliability (inter-rater and test–retest) of the Spanish MSRA was studied, and then the total scores were compared with the presence of sarcopenia according to three different diagnostic criteria and with other parameters related to sarcopenia (clinical validation). (3) Results: The analysis showed excellent inter-rater and test–retest reliability. As for the clinical validation, and regardless of the criteria, both questionnaires had a high sensitivity (81.82–88.89% for the MSRA-5 and 90.91–94.44% for the MSRA-7), while the MSRA-5 showed a better specificity (32.00–33.90%) than the MSRA-7 (20.80–22.88%). Predictive positive values ranged from 9.57–17.02% (MSRA-5) and 9.17–15.54% (MSRA-7), while predictive negative values were high for both the MSRA-5 (95.24%) and the MSRA-7 (96.30–96.43%). The accuracy was better for the MSRA-5 (36.03–41.18%) than the MSRA-7 (26.47–32.35%), as well as the area under the curve (0.67–0.76 vs. 0.65–0.73, respectively). Higher MSRA-5 and MSRA-7 total scores significantly correlated with greater muscle strength, quantity and gait speed. (4) Conclusions: The adaptation of the Spanish MSRA questionnaires was successfully performed, and they are reliable and clinically valid tools for assessing sarcopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites that affect animals, and some of them transmit a wide range of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, and protozoa to both animals and humans. Several vaccines have shown immunogenicity and protective efficacy against ticks in animal models and definitive hosts. After several decades on anti-tick vaccine research, only a commercial vaccine based on a recombinant antigen is currently available. In this context, plants offer three decades of research and development on recombinant vaccine production to immunize hosts and as a delivery vehicle platform. Despite the experimental advances in plant-made vaccines to control several parasitosis and infectious diseases, no vaccine prototype has been developed against ticks. This review examines a panorama of ticks of veterinary importance, recombinant vaccine experimental developments, plant-made vaccine platforms, and perspectives on using this technology as well as the opportunities and limitations in the field of tick vaccine research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The velocity and acceleration of a soccer player varies depending on the specific demands of the field position as well as individual characteristics, establishing the need to determine relative profiles by position. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 18 semi-professional soccer players to determine (i) the specific demands of external load according to playing position, (ii) distances covered at different intensities and the number of sprints, and (iii) the number of accelerations at moderate and high intensity. GPS tracking systems were used to collect data, and the relative acceleration profiles were analyzed based on initial velocity (0–7 km/h; 7.1–14.3 km/h; >14.3 km/h), intensity (moderate 50–75% and high > 75% of maximal acceleration), number of sprints/accelerations, and distance covered. Additionally, relative speed profiles were evaluated through the distance covered at moderate intensity (40–60% Vmax), high intensity (60–75.5% Vmax), very high intensity (>75.5% Vmax), total distance, and number of sprints. Statistically significant differences were observed in the distance covered at moderate and high intensity (midfielders), distance covered sprinting (center backs), and acceleration at moderate and high intensity in all positions (p < 0.05). These findings will enhance the monitoring of external loading strategies and prescription of specific training exercises for soccer players based on their respective playing position, ultimately contributing to optimized performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability, with a rising incidence in recent years. Factors such as age, sex, hypotension, low score on the Glasgow Coma Scale, use of invasive mechanical ventilation and vasopressors, etc., have been associated with mortality caused by TBI. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics that influence the mortality or survival of patients with TBI in a tertiary care hospital in Mexico. Methods: A sample of 94 patients aged 18 years or older, from both sexes, with an admitting diagnosis of mild-to-severe head trauma, with initial prehospital treatment, was taken. Data were extracted from the Single Registry of Patients with TBI at the Ixtapaluca Regional High Specialty Hospital (HRAEI). Normality tests were used to decide on the corresponding statistical analysis. Results: No factors associated with mortality were found; however, survival analysis showed that the presence of seizures, aggregate limb trauma, and subjects with diabetes mellitus, heart disease or patients with four concomitant comorbidities had 100% mortality. In addition, having seizures in the prehospital setting increased the risk of mortality four times. Although they did not have a direct association with mortality, they significantly decreased survival. A larger sample size is probably required to obtain an association with mortality. Conclusions: These results reflect the severity of the clinical situation in this population and, although no risk factors were identified, they enlighten us about the conditions presented by patients who died. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gonadal steroids exert different effects on the central nervous system (CNS), such as preserving neuronal function and promoting neuronal survival. Estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone reduce neuronal loss in the CNS in animal models of neurodegeneration. However, hormone replacement therapy has been associated with higher rates of endometrial, prostate, and breast cancer. Tibolone (TIB), the metabolites of which show estrogenic and progestogenic effects, is an alternative to reduce this risk. However, the impact of TIB on memory and learning, as well as on choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) levels in the hippocampus of aging males, is unknown. We administered TIB to aged C57BL/6J male mice at different doses (0.01 or 1.0 mg/kg per day for 12 weeks) and evaluated its effects on memory and learning and the content of ChAT and TPH. We assessed memory and learning with object recognition and elevated T-maze tasks. Additionally, we determined ChAT and TPH protein levels in the hippocampus by Western blotting. TIB administration increased the percentage of time spent on the novel object in the object recognition task. In addition, the latency of leaving the enclosed arm increased in both TIB groups, suggesting an improvement in fear-based learning. We also observed decreased ChAT content in the group treated with the 0.01 mg/kg TIB dose. In the case of TPH, no changes were observed with either TIB dose. These results show that long-term TIB administration improves memory without affecting locomotor activity and modulates cholinergic but not serotonergic systems in the hippocampus of aged male mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Mild cognitive impairment in older adults is a condition characterized by a decrease in mental abilities that affects their quality of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of an aerobic training program based on dance on depression, sleep quality, and quality of life in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. (2) Methods: This study employed a randomized controlled trial design with a total of 92 older adults with cognitive impairment, randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 47) undergoing dance-based aerobic training and a control group (n = 45) who did not receive any intervention. Depression was assessed using the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale, sleep quality through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and quality of life through the SF-36 questionnaire. (3) Results: Statistically significant improvements were observed in depression (t(46) = 4.783, p = 0.000) and in the PSQI domains: subjective sleep quality (t(46) = 3.333, p = 0.002, and Cohen's d = 0.35), sleep duration (t(46) = 5.511, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 0.73) and PSQI total score (t(46) = 2.116, p = 0.040, and Cohen's d = 0.20). Regarding quality of life, improvements were observed in all domains of the questionnaire: the general health (t(46) = −9.374, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 0.03), physical function (t(46) = −9.374, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 0.03), the physical role (t(46) = −5.954, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 1.06), the emotional role (t(46) = −6.200, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 0.80), social function (t(46) = −5.585, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 0.53), physical pain, (t(46) = −9.224, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 1.04), vitality (t(46) = 2.289, p = 0.027, and Cohen's d = 1.27), mental health, (t(46) = −7.985, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 1.33), the physical summary component, (t(46) = −13.532, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 1.81), and in the mental summary component (t(46) = −10.6 81, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 0.06); (4) Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that they suggest that a dance-based aerobic training program improves mental health and quality of life in older people with mild cognitive impairment, providing a non-pharmacological approach to improve general well-being in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper was to determine how different types of posterior staphyloma (PS) may affect the appearance and degree of myopic maculopathy. A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which 467 eyes from 246 highly myopic patients [axial length (AL) ≥ 26 mm] were studied. A complete ophthalmic exploration was carried out on all patients, including imaging tests. The presence of macular PS was established as the main comparison variable between groups (macular PS vs. non-macular PS vs. non-PS). The variables analyzed included age, AL, decimal best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Atrophy (A)/Traction (T)/Neovascularization (N) components according to the ATN grading system, and the presence of severe pathologic myopia (PM). Out of the total, 179 eyes (38.3%) presented macular PS, 146 eyes presented non-macular PS (31.2%), and 142 eyes showed no PS (30.4%). The group without PS was significantly younger than macular PS and non-macular PS groups (53.85 vs. 66.57 vs. 65.20 years; p < 0.001 each, respectively). There were no age differences between PS groups. Eyes with macular PS (31.47 ± 2.30 mm) were significantly longer than those with non-macular PS (28.68 ± 1.78 mm, p < 0.001) and those without PS (27.47 ± 1.34 mm, p < 0.001). BCVA was significantly better in the non-PS group (0.75 ± 0.27) compared to the non-macular PS (0.56 ± 0.31) and macular PS groups (0.43 ± 0.33), with p < 0.001 each. Eyes without PS showed significantly lower A and T components (1.31 ± 0.96 and 0.30 ± 0.53, respectively) than non-macular PS (2.21 ± 0.75 and 0.71 ± 0.99, respectively, p < 0.001 each) and macular PS eyes (2.83 ± 0.64 and 1.11 ± 1.10, respectively, p < 0.001 each). The N component was lower in non-PS eyes vs. non-macular PS eyes (0.20 ± 0.59 vs. 0.47 ± 0.83, p < 0.001) and as compared to the macular PS group (0.68 ± 0.90, p < 0.01). Additionally, the N component was significantly lower in the non-macular PS group than in the macular PS one (p < 0.05). The prevalence of severe PM was different between groups (p < 0.001). It was higher among macular PS eyes (138/179) when compared to other groups (p < 0.001, each), followed by the non-macular PS eyes (40/146) and being the lowest in the non-PS group (20/142). To conclude, macular PS is associated with a more advanced maculopathy, worse vision, and higher rates of severe PM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary mechanism of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) comprises the initial mechanical trauma due to the transmission of energy to the spinal cord, subsequent deformity, and persistent compression. The secondary mechanism of injury, which involves structures that remained undamaged after the initial trauma, triggers alterations in microvascular perfusion, the liberation of free radicals and neurotransmitters, lipid peroxidation, alteration in ionic concentrations, and the consequent cell death by necrosis and apoptosis. Research in the treatment of SCI has sought to develop early therapeutic interventions that mitigate the effects of these pathophysiological mechanisms. Clinical and experimental evidence has demonstrated the therapeutic benefits of sex-steroid hormone administration after traumatic brain injury and SCI. The administration of estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone has been associated with neuroprotective effects, better neurological recovery, and decreased mortality after SCI. This review evaluated evidence supporting hormone-related neuroprotection over SCI and the possible underlying mechanisms in animal models. As neuroprotection has been associated with signaling pathways, the effects of these hormones are observed on astrocytes and microglia, modulating the inflammatory response, cerebral blood flow, and metabolism, mediating glutamate excitotoxicity, and their antioxidant effects. Based on the current evidence, it is essential to analyze the benefit of sex steroid hormone therapy in the clinical management of patients with SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: The goal of this study was to analyze the reliability and validity of the Portuguese version of the SARC-F in older adults. (2) Methods: A total of 100 participants (77.1 ± 7.36 years, 73% women) were included in the study. In a first phase, the Portuguese SARC-F was adapted following the standardized forward–backward translation procedure, and internal consistency as well as inter-rater and test–retest reliability of the Portuguese SARC-F were analyzed. Secondly, clinical validation was evaluated by comparing the SARC-F total score with five operational definitions of sarcopenia and with other sarcopenia-related measurements. Discriminant validity, with respect to low muscle mass and strength and physical function were analyzed. (3) Results: The Portuguese SAR-F showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.82), excellent inter-rater reliability (total score), and substantial to excellent test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.891 for the total score). Specificity ranged from 72.5% (FNIH) to 73.4 (IGWS), and negative predictive values went from 91.8% (EWGSOP1) to 97.3% (FNIH), but low sensitivity and positive predictive value were observed. The Portuguese SARC-F showed a moderate ability to discriminate people with low muscle strength (AUC = 0.78) and gait speed (AUC = 0.89). (4) Conclusions: The Portuguese SARC-F is a valid and reliable tool for ruling out sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults and can discriminate between people with low handgrip strength and gait speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungal melanonychia is an uncommon condition, most typically caused by opportunistic melanin-producing pigmented filamentous fungi in the nail plate. In the present study, the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with fungal melanonychia were analyzed through a systematic review of cases reported in the literature. The MESH terms used for the search were "melanonychia" AND "fungal" OR "fungi" through four databases: PubMed, SciELO, Google scholar and SCOPUS. After discarding inadequate articles using the exclusion criteria, 33 articles with 133 cases were analyzed, of which 44% were women, 56% were men and the age range was between 9 and 87 years. The majority of cases were reported in Turkey followed by Korea and Italy. Frequent causal agents detected were Trichophyton rubrum as non-dematiaceous in 55% and Neoscytalidium dimidiatum as dematiaceous in 8%. Predisposing factors included nail trauma, migration history, employment and/or outdoor activities. Involvement in a single nail was presented in 45% of the cases, while more than one affected nail was identified in 21%, with a range of 2 to 10 nails. Regarding the clinical classification, 41% evidenced more than one type of melanonychia, 21% corresponded to the longitudinal pattern and 13% was of total diffuse type. Likewise, the usual dermoscopic pattern was multicolor pigmentation. It is concluded that fungal melanonychia is an uncommon variant of onychomycosis and the differential diagnosis is broad, which highlights the complexity of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Global population aging is changing demographic structures and presents significant challenges for health systems, which must adapt to an increasingly elderly population. (2) Methods: The study employed a randomized controlled trial design with a total of 116 older adults aged 65 or older, randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 57) undergoing a combined resistance program and Mediterranean diet program and a control group (n = 59) who did not receive any intervention. Anxiety and depression were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), sleep quality through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and perceived stress using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). (3) Results: Statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) were observed both within and between groups in anxiety (Cohen's d = 0.38 and 0.78, respectively), depression (Cohen's d = 0.56 and 0.18, respectively), perceived stress (Cohen's d = 0.15 and 0.39, respectively), and in the PSQI domains: subjective sleep quality (Cohen's d = 1.01 and 0.53, respectively), sleep duration (Cohen's d = 0.112 and 0.53, respectively), sleep disturbances (Cohen's d = 1.92 and 0.95, respectively), use of medications (Cohen's d = 0.34 and 0.40, respectively), and the PSQI total score (Cohen's d = 0.68 and 0.49, respectively). No significant differences were observed in sleep latency or daytime dysfunction. (4) Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that resistance intervention may be an effective therapeutic option to improve mental health and sleep quality in older adults aged 65 or older, offering a non-pharmacological approach to improving overall well-being in this demographic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: With the aging population, effective interventions are needed to enhance the health of older adults. This study investigated the combined effects of yoga and the Mediterranean diet on various health outcomes in community-dwelling older adults; (2) Methods: The study employed a randomized controlled trial design with a total of 116 older adults randomized to an experimental group (n = 57) that underwent a combined yoga and Mediterranean diet program and a control group (n = 59) that did not receive any intervention. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment, flexibility with the Back Scratch Test and the Chair Sit-and-Reach Test, balance, gait, and fall risk with the Tinetti Scale, and muscle strength with a dynamometer and the 30 s Chair Stand Test; (3) Results: Regarding nutritional status, there were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group (Cohen's d = 0.02). The participants in the experimental group showed greater balance (11.12 ± 3.01 vs. 10.03 ± 2.35, Cohen's d = 0.41 and gait (7.63 ± 1.96 vs. 6.69 ± 2.50, Cohen's d = 0.44) with respect to the control group. In terms of flexibility, the experimental group showed statistically significant improvements in the right arm (Cohen's d = 0.43), left arm (Cohen's d = 0.64), right perineum (Cohen's d = 0.42), and left leg (Cohen's d = 0.37) Finally, in terms of strength, participants in the experimental group experienced statistically significant improvements in grip strength and lower body strength (Cohen's d = 0.39 and 0.81, respectively); (4) Conclusions: The study highlights the potential benefits of a 12-week intervention combining yoga with a Mediterranean diet to improve the health and functional capacities of community-dwelling older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acaricides are the most widely used method to control the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. However, its use increases production costs, contaminates food and the environment, and directly affects animal and human health. The intensive use of chemical control has resulted in the selection of genes associated with resistance to acaricides, and consumers are increasingly less tolerant of food contamination. This scenario has increased the interest of different research groups around the world for anti-tick vaccine development, in order to reduce the environmental impact, the presence of residues in food, and the harmful effects on animal and human health. There is enough evidence that vaccination with tick antigens induces protection against tick infestations, reducing tick populations and acaricide treatments. Despite the need for an anti-tick vaccine in Mexico, vaccination against ticks has been limited to one vaccine that is used in some regions. The aim of this review is to contribute to the discussion on tick control issues and provide a reference for readers interested in the importance of using anti-tick vaccines encouraging concerted action on the part of Mexican animal health authorities, livestock organizations, cattle producers, and academics. Therefore, it is suggested that an anti-tick vaccine should be included as a part of an integrated tick management program in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Some bandages with Kinesiotape have demonstrated some potential as means of prevention for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury in men. Objective: The main objective of this pilot study was to observe if a Kinesiotape bandage at the knee could potentially have an immediate preventive effect against ACL injuries by improving proprioception and balance and reducing knee valgus and anterior translation of the tibia during certain functional tests in female athletes. Materials and Methods: A cross-over clinical trial including 10 female athletes (football and rugby) was conducted, where the two lower limbs of the 10 participants (n = 20) were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG) or to the control group (CG). A Kinesiotape bandage was placed on one knee with a tension of 75% (IG, n = 10) and another bandage on the other knee with a tension of 10% (CG, n = 10), as a placebo. Ultrasound assessment and functional tests were performed before (T1) and after (T2) bandaging according to group assignment. A videographic analysis was carried out with the ImageJ Software version 2.0. Results: A statistically significant reduction in knee valgus was observed in the Lateral Step Down test in the IG, compared to the CG (p < 0.05; η2p = 0.26) (IG-T1: 151.40 ± 11.04°; IG-T2: 157.10 ± 10.18°; versus CG-T1: 156.96 ± 5.44°; CG-T2: 158.68 ± 6.12°). In the other tests, no significant differences were found in terms of time × group interaction. Conclusions: A Kinesiotape bandage was able to reduce knee valgus in a functional test compared to a placebo bandage but was not more effective at reducing the anterior translation of the tibia or improving balance or proprioception. Based on these results, it could have a modest preventive effect against an ACL injury in female athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teriparatide is an anabolic peptide drug indicated for the treatment of osteoporosis. Recombinant teriparatide was first approved in 2002 and has since been followed by patent-free alternatives under biosimilar or hybrid regulatory application. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the essential similarity between synthetic teriparatide BGW and the reference medicinal product (RMP), and thus to ensure the development of the first generic teriparatide drug. Hence, an extensive side-by-side comparative exercise, focusing on structural and biological activity, was performed using a wide range of state-of-the-art orthogonal methods. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ion mobility–mass spectrometry (IM–MS), UV, circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) demonstrated the structural similarity between teriparatide BGW and the RMP. Comparative cell-based bioassays showed that the synthetic and recombinant peptides have identical behaviors. Teriparatide BGW, as a generic drug, provides an available treatment option for patients with osteoporosis and offers clinical benefits identical to those provided by the RMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Currently, it is essential to adopt physical therapy strategies, such as resistance training, to enhance muscle strength and gait in middle-aged individuals (ages 45–65) suffering from Multiple Sclerosis. This is crucial in combating the typical symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases associated with functional loss. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of resistance training interventions on walking and muscle strength in middle-aged people with Multiple Sclerosis. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted by searching specific keywords in the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. For inclusion, studies had to incorporate resistance training as a primary or significant component of the overall intervention for middle-aged patients with MS. Out of the 3675 articles identified, 12 randomized clinical trials met the criteria for inclusion in the review, with resistance training being a consistent feature in all of them. Results: Muscle strength and gait were evaluated as the main variables, with fatigue and the quality of life as secondary variables. This review reveals that resistance training significantly improves muscle strength. Resistance training achieves modest and non-significant improvements in gait. Notably, studies combining resistance training with motor control exercises achieve results of greater clinical significance in terms of gait. However, resistance training yields variable positive effects on perceived fatigue and the quality of life. Conclusion: Resistance training is useful for improving muscle strength; however, walking needs to be combined with motor control training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a collection of research articles focused on the study of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. The articles cover a wide range of topics, including the molecular biology of the virus, its transmission and replication, interactions with the host, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and the development of vaccines and antiviral treatments. The goal of the collection is to provide up-to-date insights into SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, stimulating further research to improve prevention and treatment strategies. [Extracted from the article]

There is evidence that healthcare can be executed differentially depending on the gender of patients, researchers, and clinicians. The aim was to analyze the possible existence of nursing gender differences in pain management produced by arterial puncture for blood gas analysis. A cross-sectional, multicenter study designed was conducted in Castilla-la Mancha (Spain). Variables of interest were collected from nurses in the public health system of a European region through a questionnaire. Data were collected for four months; the primary outcome was the use of any intervention to reduce pain and the explanatory variable was the nurse's gender. Bivariate analysis was carried out to assess associations between gender and pain-reducing interventions and a multivariate model was created with those factors that were relevant using logistic regression. A significantly higher proportion of men reported using some form of intervention (45% vs. 30%) and had more specific training (45.9% vs. 32.4%). The adjusted probability of using pain-reducing interventions by men was 71% higher than women. Thus, we found gender differences in the management of pain caused by arterial punctures performed by nurses as the main healthcare providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microsporum canis is a widely distributed dermatophyte, which is among the main etiological agents of dermatophytosis in humans and domestic animals. This fungus invades, colonizes and nourishes itself on the keratinized tissues of the host through various virulence factors. This review will bring together the known information about the mechanisms, enzymes and their associated genes relevant to the pathogenesis processes of the fungus and will provide an overview of those virulence factors that should be better studied to establish effective methods of prevention and control of the disease. Public databases using the MeSH terms "Microsporum canis", "virulence factors" and each individual virulence factor were reviewed to enlist a series of articles, from where only original works in English and Spanish that included relevant information on the subject were selected. Out of the 147 articles obtained in the review, 46 were selected that reported virulence factors for M. canis in a period between 1988 and 2023. The rest of the articles were discarded because they did not contain information on the topic (67), some were written in different languages (3), and others were repeated in two or more databases (24) or were not original articles (7). The main virulence factors in M. canis are keratinases, fungilisins and subtilisins. However, less commonly reported are biofilms or dipeptidylpeptidases, among others, which have been little researched because they vary in expression or activity between strains and are not considered essential for the infection and survival of the fungus. Although it is known that they are truly involved in resistance, infection and metabolism, we recognize that their study could strengthen the knowledge of the pathogenesis of M. canis with the aim of achieving effective treatments, as well as the prevention and control of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atrial calcium transient (CaT) alternans is defined as beat-to-beat alternations in CaT amplitude and is causally linked to atrial fibrillation (AF). Mitochondria play a significant role in cardiac excitation–contraction coupling and Ca signaling through redox environment regulation. In isolated rabbit atrial myocytes, ROS production is enhanced during CaT alternans, measured by fluorescence microscopy. Exogenous ROS (tert-butyl hydroperoxide) enhanced CaT alternans, whereas ROS scavengers (dithiothreitol, MnTBAP, quercetin, tempol) alleviated CaT alternans. While the inhibition of cellular NADPH oxidases had no effect on CaT alternans, interference with mitochondrial ROS (ROSm) production had profound effects: (1) the superoxide dismutase mimetic MitoTempo diminished CaT alternans and shifted the pacing threshold to higher frequencies; (2) the inhibition of cyt c peroxidase by SS-31, and inhibitors of ROSm production by complexes of the electron transport chain S1QEL1.1 and S3QEL2, decreased the severity of CaT alternans; however (3) the impairment of mitochondrial antioxidant defense by the inhibition of nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase with NBD-Cl and thioredoxin reductase-2 with auranofin enhanced CaT alternans. Our results suggest that intact mitochondrial antioxidant defense provides crucial protection against pro-arrhythmic CaT alternans. Thus, modulating the mitochondrial redox state represents a potential therapeutic approach for alternans-associated arrhythmias, including AF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Chronic pain, which affects more than one in five adults worldwide, has a negative impact on the quality of life, limiting daily activities and generating absences from work. The aim of the present review is to analyze the efficacy of mind–body therapies as therapeutic strategies for patients with chronic pain. (2) Methods: A systematic review with a meta-analysis was carried out, searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using specific keywords. We selected studies that included mind–body therapies as the primary intervention for older adults with chronic pain. The methodological quality of the articles was assessed using the PEDro scale. (3) Results: Of the 861 studies identified, 11 were included in this review, all of which employed different mind–body therapies as an intervention. The selected studies measured chronic pain as the main variable. (4) Conclusions: This review highlights the value of mind–body exercises in reducing chronic pain in older adults, suggesting their integration as a non-pharmacological therapeutic alternative that improves the quality of life, promoting a holistic approach to pain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The short precorneal residence time of ophthalmic drops is associated with their low absorption; therefore, the development of ocular inserts capable of prolonging and controlling the ophthalmic release of drugs is an interesting option in the design and development of these drugs. A surface response design was developed, specifically the Central Composite Design (CCD), to produce ophthalmic films loaded with Dexamethasone (DEX) by the solvent evaporation method having experimental levels of different concentrations of previously selected polymers (PVP K-30 and Eudragit RS100.). Once optimization of the formulation was obtained, the in vivo test was continued. The optimal formulation obtained a thickness of 0.265 ± 0.095 mm, pH of 7.11 ± 0.04, tensile strength of 15.50 ± 3.94 gF, humidity (%) of 22.54 ± 1.7, mucoadhesion strength of 16.89 ± 3.46 gF, chemical content (%) of 98.19 ± 1.124, release of (%) 13,510.71, and swelling of 0.0403 ± 0.023 g; furthermore, in the in vivo testing the number and residence time of PMN cells were lower compared to the Ophthalmic Drops. The present study confirms the potential use of polymeric systems using PVPK30 and ERS100 as a new strategy of controlled release of ophthalmic drugs by controlling and prolonging the release of DEX at the affected site by decreasing the systemic effects of the drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bioprospecting of sea anemone tissues and secretions has revealed that they are natural libraries of polypeptides with diverse biological activities that can be utilized to develop of biotechnological tools with potential medical and industrial applications. This study conducted a proteomic analysis of crude venom extracts from Anthopleura dowii Verrill, 1869, and Lebrunia neglecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860. The obtained data allowed us to identify 201 polypeptides, of which 39% were present in both extracts. Among the obtained sequences, hydrolase-type enzymes, oxidoreductases, transferases, heat shock proteins, adhesion proteins, and protease inhibitors, among others, were identified. Interaction analysis and functional annotation indicated that these proteins are primarily involved in endoplasmic reticulum metabolic processes such as carbon metabolism and protein processing. In addition, several proteins related to oxidative stress were identified, including superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxins, thioredoxin, and glutathione oxidase. Our results provide novel information on the polypeptide composition of the crude venom extract from sea anemones, which can be utilized to develop molecules for therapeutic tools and industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein that binds to iron ions (Fe2+) and other metallic ions, such as Mg2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+, and has antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. The antibacterial properties of LF are due to its ability to sequester iron. The immunomodulatory capability of LF promotes homeostasis in the enteric environment, acting directly on the beneficial microbiota. LF can modulate antigen-presenting cell (APC) biology, including migration and cell activation. Nonetheless, some gut microbiota strains produce toxic metabolites, and APCs are responsible for initiating the process that inhibits the inflammatory response against them. Thus, eliminating harmful strains lowers the risk of inducing chronic inflammation, and consequently, metabolic disease, which can progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). LF and retinoic acid (RA) exhibit immunomodulatory properties such as decreasing cytokine production, thus modifying the inflammatory response. Their activities have been observed both in vitro and in vivo. The combined, simultaneous effect of these molecules has not been studied; however, the synergistic effect of LF and RA may be employed for enhancing the secretion of humoral factors, such as IgA. We speculate that the combination of LF and RA could be a potential prophylactic alternative for the treatment of metabolic dysregulations such as T2DM. The present review focuses on the importance of a healthy diet for a balanced gut and describes how probiotics and prebiotics with immunomodulatory activity as well as inductors of differentiation and cell proliferation could be acquired directly from the diet or indirectly through the oral administration of formulations aimed to maintain gut health or restore a eubiotic state in an intestinal environment that has been dysregulated by external factors such as stress and a high-fat diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The development of severe COVID-19 is related to the preexistence of comorbidities and an inadequate nutritional status. The latter is a critical factor for the development of infection and the progression of the disease. Notably, optimal nutrition impacts immune system function, as malnutrition is related to high cytokine levels in the late phase of the disease, correlating with a poor prognosis. In this sense, omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) have anti-inflammatory properties that may reduce morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection. O3FAs are linked to a better prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, we evaluate the administration of O3FAs to unvaccinated Mexican patients for two weeks starting after the first two hours of hospitalization. Results: The findings support the notion that O3FAs (in a dose high enough to satisfy human physiological requirements in a short time, one capsule of 1.4 g O3FAs daily) exert a comprehensive multi-systemic modulatory influence, affecting inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Significant perturbations in biomarkers, including absolute neutrophil count, hematocrit, and platelet indices, underscore the compound's anti-inflammatory effect. Concurrently, the intervention modulates pivotal metabolic and hepatic parameters, attenuating cardiovascular risk profiles and expediting patient convalescence. These multifarious effects are likely orchestrated through intricate biochemical mechanisms and are subject to individual variations predicated on metabolic factors. Conclusions: The results of this trial support the notion that O3FA supplementation has beneficial effects on COVID-19 patients with moderate presentation by regulating metabolism and limiting inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent cancer therapies have focused on reducing immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment to prevent cancer progression and metastasis. PD-1 is a checkpoint protein that stops the immune response and is expressed on immune T cells. Cancer cells express a PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) to bind to the T-cell surface and activate immunosuppressive pathways. This study aimed to design, synthesize, and evaluate a 99mTc-labeled PD-L1-targeting cyclic peptide inhibitor (99mTc-iPD-L1) as a novel SPECT radiopharmaceutical for PD-L1 expression imaging. AutoDock software (version 1.5) was used to perform molecular docking for affinity calculations. The chemical synthesis was based on the coupling reaction of 6-hydrazinylpyridine-3-carboxylic acid with a 14-amino-acid cyclic peptide. iPD-L1 was prepared for 99mTc labeling. Radio-HPLC was used to verify radiochemical purity. The stability of the radiopeptide in human serum was evaluated by HPLC. iPD-L1 specificity was assessed by SDS-PAGE. [99mTc]Tc-iPD-L1 cellular uptake in PD-L1-positive cancer cells (HCC827 and HCT116) and biodistribution in mice with induced tumors were also performed. One patient with advanced plantar malignant melanoma received [99mTc]Tc-iPD-L1. The iPD-L1 ligand (AutoDock affinity: −6.7 kcal/mol), characterized by UPLC mass, FT-IR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy, was obtained with a chemical purity of 97%. The [99mTc]Tc-iPD-L1 was prepared with a radiochemical purity of >90%. In vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated [99mTc]Tc-iPD-L1 stability (>90% at 24 h) in human serum, specific recognition for PD-L1, high uptake by the tumor (6.98 ± 0.89% ID/g at 1 h), and rapid hepatobiliary and kidney elimination. [99mTc]Tc-iPD-L1 successfully detected PD-L1-positive lesions in a patient with plantar malignant melanoma. The results obtained in this study warrant further dosimetric and clinical studies to determine the sensitivity and specificity of [99mTc]Tc-iPD-L1/SPECT for PD-L1 expression imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disease that includes metabolic and physiological alterations in various organs such as the heart, pancreas, liver, and brain. Reports indicate that blackberry consumption, such as maqui berry, has a beneficial effect on chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. In the present study, in vivo and in silico studies have been performed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms implied to improve the metabolic parameters of MetS. Fourteen-day administration of maqui berry reduces weight gain, blood fasting glucose, total blood cholesterol, triacylglycerides, insulin resistance, and blood pressure impairment in the diet-induced MetS model in male and female rats. In addition, in the serum of male and female rats, the administration of maqui berry (MB) improved the concentration of MDA, the activity of SOD, and the formation of carbonyls in the group subjected to the diet-induced MetS model. In silico studies revealed that delphinidin and its glycosylated derivatives could be ligands of some metabolic targets such as α-glucosidase, PPAR-α, and PPAR-γ, which are related to MetS parameters. The experimental results obtained in the study suggest that even at low systemic concentrations, anthocyanin glycosides and aglycones could simultaneously act on different targets related to MetS. Therefore, these molecules could be used as coadjuvants in pharmacological interventions or as templates for designing new multitarget molecules to manage patients with MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostate-specific membrane antigens (PSMAs) are frequently overexpressed in both tumor stromal endothelial cells and malignant cells (stromal/tumor cells) of various cancers. The RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide sequence can specifically detect integrins involved in tumor angiogenesis. This study aimed to preclinically evaluate the cytotoxicity, biokinetics, dosimetry, and therapeutic efficacy of 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD to determine its potential as an improved radiopharmaceutical for alpha therapy compared with the 225Ac-iPSMA and 225Ac-RGD monomers. HEHA-HYNIC-iPSMA-RGD (iPSMA-RGD) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, and UPLC mass spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD was assessed in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Biodistribution, biokinetics, and therapeutic efficacy were evaluated in nude mice with induced HCT116 tumors. In vitro results showed increased DNA double-strand breaks through ROS generation, cell apoptosis, and death in HCT116 cells treated with 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD. The results also demonstrated in vivo cytotoxicity in cancer cells after treatment with 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD and biokinetic and dosimetric properties suitable for alpha therapy, delivering ablative radiation doses up to 237 Gy/3.7 kBq to HCT116 tumors in mice. Given the phenotype of HCT116 cancer cells, the results of this study warrant further dosimetric and clinical studies to determine the potential of 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD in the treatment of colorectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Nowadays, it is essential to implement new non-pharmacological strategies, such as rhythmic physical activity, to improve mental health and quality of life in both individuals experiencing normal brain aging and those with cognitive impairment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the effects of rhythmic physical activity interventions on mental health and quality of life in older adults, with or without mild cognitive impairment; (2) Methods: We conducted a systematic review with a meta-analysis, searching the Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Plus databases using specific keywords. We selected studies that included rhythmic physical activity as the primary intervention for patients aged 65 and above, with or without cognitive impairment. We assessed the methodological quality of the articles using the PEDro scale; (3) Results: Out of 961 identified studies, we included 11 in this review, all of which employed rhythmic physical activity as an intervention. The selected studies consistently measured depression, anxiety, and quality of life; (4) Conclusions: This review demonstrates that rhythmic physical activity can effectively improve depression, anxiety, and quality of life in older adults, whether or not they have mild cognitive impairment. However, it is worth noting that while we have identified beneficial outcomes, the evidence supporting the use of rhythmic physical activity in enhancing depression, anxiety, and quality of life in older adults with or without mild cognitive impairment remains somewhat limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The main objective of this study was to establish a relationship between the number of falls and sleep problems experienced by patients with Alzheimer's disease. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 114 Spanish aged people with Alzheimer's disease institutionalized in nursing homes and 80 independent Spanish aged people without neurodegenerative diseases living at home were enrolled in this study and completed in-person interviews and digital questionnaires. Results: The mean age was 78.98 ± 8.59 years. Sleep disorders were related to continuous stress (p = 0.001; OR = 4.729) and a high frequency of falls (p = 0.001; OR = 2.145), while predictor variables associated with falls in patients with Alzheimer's disease were continuous medical visits (β = 0.319, p < 0.001), family history of dementia (β = 0.212; p = 0.014), and sleep disorders (β = 0.235; p = 0.007). Second, the analysis showed that moderate physical activity (p = 0.001; OR = 0.147), continuous medical visits (p < 0.001; OR = 0.621), and high level of study (p = 0.011; OR = 0.334) were protective factors against Alzheimer's, while older age (p = 0.035; OR = 1.087), type II Diabetes Mellitus (p = 0.042; OR = 3.973), number of falls (p = 0.021; OR = 1.409), and daily drug intake (p = 0.001; OR = 1.437) were risk factors for Alzheimer's. Conclusions: Sleep disturbances are related to stress and falls in a sample of 114 Spanish AD aged people institutionalized in nursing homes, and the falls they experience are related to ongoing medical visits, a history of dementia, and sleep disturbances. Therefore, a bidirectional relationship was established between falls and sleep disorders in these patients. Moreover, this study showed that a greater frequency of falls and high daily drug intake could constitute novel risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, in addition to already known factors, such as age and type II Diabetes Mellitus, while being physically active and a high level of studies are protective factors against Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arnold Chiari syndrome is a rare congenital disease of unknown prevalence and whose origin is still under study. It is encompassed within the posterior cranial malformations, showing a wide spectrum of symptomatology that can range from severe headache, dizziness, and paresthesia to complete asymptomatology. It is for this reason that early diagnosis of the disease is difficult, and it is usually diagnosed in adolescence. Treatment is based on remodeling and decompression of the malformed posterior cranial fossa, although the risk of residual symptoms after surgery is high. The aim of this review is to update all the existing information on this pathology by means of an exhaustive analysis covering all the scientific literature produced in the last 5 years. In addition, it has been carried out following the PRISMA model and registered in PROSPERO with code CRD42023394490. One of the main conclusions based on the results obtained in this review is that the origin of the syndrome could have a genetic basis and that the treatment of choice is the decompression of the posterior cerebral fossa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical analysis of the potential inhibition of human sucrase-isomaltase (SI) by flavonoids was carried out with the aim of identifying potential candidates for an alternative treatment of type 2 diabetes. Two compounds from maize silks, maysin and luteolin, were selected to be studied with the structure-based density functional theory (DFT), molecular docking (MDock), and molecular dynamics (MD) approaches. The docking score and MD simulations suggested that the compounds maysin and luteolin presented higher binding affinities in N-terminal sucrase-isomaltase (NtSI) than in C-terminal sucrase-isomaltase (CtSI). The reactivity parameters, such as chemical hardness (η) and chemical potential (µ), of the ligands, as well as of the active site amino acids of the NtSI, were calculated by the meta-GGA M06 functional in combination with the 6-31G(d) basis set. The lower value of chemical hardness calculated for the maysin molecule indicated that this might interact more easily with the active site of NtSI, in comparison with the values of the acarbose and luteolin structures. Additionally, a possible oxidative process was proposed through the quantum chemical calculations of the electronic charge transfer values (∆N) between the active site amino acids of the NtSI and the ligands. In addition, maysin displayed a higher ability to generate more oxidative damage in the NtSI active site. Our results suggest that maysin and luteolin can be used to develop novel α-glucosidase inhibitors via NtSI inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this comprehensive review study, we addressed the challenge posed by ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) with growing incidence affecting human and animal health worldwide. Data and perspectives were collected from different countries and regions worldwide, including America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. The results updated the current situation with ticks and TBD and how it is perceived by society with information bias and gaps. The study reinforces the importance of multidisciplinary and international collaborations to advance in the surveillance, communication and proposed future directions to address these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Summarize the established knowledge on this subject: (1) The COVID-19 pandemic forced the suspension of the CRC screening program and scheduled endoscopic activity. (2) The restructurion of the endoscopic unit's organization after activity resumption limited its endoscopic capacity. (3) The delays have a presumed effect on CRC detection and the stage at diagnosis in screening programs. What are the significant and/or new findings of this study? (1) The interruption of CRC screening programs due to the COVID pandemic increased delays. (2) However, it did not reduce participation, adherence to colonoscopy, or the diagnostic yield of colonoscopy. (3) Delays within population-based CRC screening programs increase the diagnostic yield of colonoscopy without significant changes in CRC detection and its stage. Background: The interruption of the activity of population-based organized colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs due to the COVID pandemic may have affected their results in terms of the detection of preneoplastic lesions and CRC. We evaluated the impact of the COVID pandemic on the delays, participation, adherence to colonoscopies, lesions detected, and CRC stage at diagnosis in a CRC screening program. Methods: We analyzed all the invitations between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2021. We defined the pandemic period as the period after 12 March 2020. We calculated the delay intervals (successive and all rounds), the rates of participation, adherence to colonoscopy after a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and the diagnostic yield of colonoscopy, specifically of CRC and colorectal neoplasia (CRC and/or adenoma), as well as the CRC stage at diagnosis. Results: In the period analyzed, 976,187 invitations were sent (61.0% in the pandemic period), 439,687 FIT were returned (62.4% in the pandemic period) and 23,092 colonoscopies were performed (59.1% in the pandemic period). The colonoscopies were normal in 7378 subjects (32.4%) and CRC was detected in 916 subjects (4.0%). In successive rounds, the delay increased significantly by seven months during the pandemic period (p < 0.001). In all the invitations, the delay from the invitation to the colonoscopy increased significantly by 8 days (p < 0.001). Once adjusted for the confounding variables, the participation in the screening program increased significantly (OR = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.09–1.11), with no changes in the adherence to colonoscopy (OR = 0.9; 95% CI = 0.8–1.0). We found no differences in the diagnostic yield of colonoscopy in terms of CRC (OR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.78–1.02) or colorectal neoplasia (OR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.92–1.03) detection. Finally, we found no differences in the CRC stage at diagnosis (p = 0.2). Conclusions: Although the interruption of the CRC screening program due to the COVID pandemic increased the delays, it did not reduce participation, adherence to colonoscopy, or the diagnostic yield of colonoscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The annual occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum in the northern Gulf of California (NGC) during winter and spring has negative ecological, economic, and social impacts on the local coastal population. G. catenatum produces paralytic shellfish toxins, and a robust monitoring program of the species is necessary to sustain mitigation actions against their detrimental effects. Here, we applied the maximum-likelihood classification (MLC) method to classify satellite images from MODIS and Sentinel-3 to evaluate their effectiveness to detect G. catenatum. Different classes associated with the presence of the species were developed from data of two HABs that occurred in 2015 and 2017. Two classes derived from Sentinel-3 data from the 2017 HAB allowed the detection of this species. These Sentinel-3 classes adequately represented the temporal and geographical distribution of G. catenatum in the region and the no-bloom condition during the summer. The concordance between the detection of the Sentinel-3 classes on the west coast of the NGC and the recorded presence of G. catenatum (75% of concordance) in the area indicates that the MLC method could be applied for early detection of the species in the NGC, using Sentinel-3 full resolution images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Locally advanced basal cell carcinoma (LA-BCC) is defined as that BCC in which there is radiological confirmation of invasion of certain neighboring structures in depth and also, usually, a BCC that is of a sufficient size and invasion (although there is no radiological demonstration of deep invasion) in which surgery and radiotherapy are not adequate, are insufficient or are contraindicated to achieve the cure of the tumor, either due to characteristics of the tumor itself or of the patient. Sonidegib is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced basal cell carcinoma that is not amenable to curative surgery or radiotherapy. Material and methods: This is a retrospective, multicenter and descriptive study in nine centers in Andalusia, Spain. Patients treated with sonidegib for >3 months for locally advanced BCC were included from 1 January 2021 to 1 January 2023. Epidemiological, efficacy and safety data were collected. Results: In the present study, a total of 38 patients were included, with a median age of 76.23 years (range 40–101). Prior treatment was surgery (31.57%; n = 25), radiotherapy (15.78%; n = 6), vismodegib (31.57%; n = 12). Eleven patients had not received prior treatment. LA-BCC were located in the cephalic pole, face or scalp. There was a total response in 9/38 patients (23.7%), partial response in 25/38 patients (65.8%) and no response in 4 patients (10.52%). In 6/34 patients, the dose was reduced to 200 mg every other day until it was discontinued due to adverse effects. The main adverse effects reported were dysgeusia (n = 8), asthenia (n = 8), = 6), muscle spasms (n = 6), alopecia (n = 4) and gastrointestinal intolerance (n = 4). Discussion: Sonidegib is the second iHh authorized for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced BCC who are not amenable to curative surgery or radiotherapy, based on the results of the phase II clinical trial, BOLT. Sonidegib shows good effectiveness and an acceptable safety profile in routine clinical practice in the sample presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common diseases and the 8th leading cause of death worldwide. Individuals with T2D are at risk for several health complications that reduce their life expectancy and quality of life. Although several drugs for treating T2D are currently available, many of them have reported side effects ranging from mild to severe. In this work, we present the synthesis in a gram-scale as well as the in silico and in vitro activity of two semisynthetic glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) derivatives (namely FC-114 and FC-122) against Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase enzymes. Furthermore, the in vitro cytotoxicity assay on Human Foreskin fibroblast and the in vivo acute oral toxicity was also conducted. The anti-diabetic activity was determined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after oral administration with FC-114 or FC-122. Results showed that both GA derivatives have potent PTP1B inhibitory activity being FC-122, a dual PTP1B/α-glucosidase inhibitor that could increase insulin sensitivity and reduce intestinal glucose absorption. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and enzymatic kinetics studies revealed the inhibition mechanism of FC-122 against α-glucosidase. Both GA derivatives were safe and showed better anti-diabetic activity in vivo than the reference drug acarbose. Moreover, FC-114 improves insulin levels while decreasing LDL and total cholesterol levels without decreasing HDL cholesterol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine bilaterality and symmetry of posterior staphyloma (PS) in high myopic eyes. Methods: This cross-sectional and non-interventional study assessed 473 high myopic eyes [axial length (AL) ≥ 26 mm] of 259 patients. Patients underwent an ophthalmological examination including multimodal-imaging and myopic maculopathy grading according to Atrophic/Tractional/Neovascular (ATN) system, presence and subtype of PS, and severe pathologic myopia (PM). Bilaterality of PS and subtype's symmetry between eyes of the same patient was assessed. Four groups were analyzed: (1) bilateral vs. unilateral PS's eyes. Within bilateral group, symmetric vs. asymmetric subtypes according to (2) Curtin's classification, (3) Ohno-Matsui's classification, and (4) primary/compound subtypes. Results: Out of the total, 334 myopic eyes of 167 patients were included. The 92.8% (n = 310/334) of the eyes presented PS and was bilateral in 85.6% (n = 143/167) of the patients. Bilateral eyes showed significantly (p < 0.01) greater AL, severe PM, A and N components vs. unilateral PS. AL-difference between both eyes was greater in unilateral PS (p < 0.01). Among bilateral PS, the subtype was symmetric in 79 (55.2%), 84 (58.7%), and 115 (80.4%) patients according to Curtin's classification, Ohno-Matsui's classification, and primary/compound; respectively. The asymmetric group presented worse best-corrected visual acuity (p < 0.01), higher AL (p < 0.01), incidence of PM, and severe PM (p < 0.05). Conclusions: PS was bilateral in most of the patients without clinical differences between both eyes, being symmetrical in more than half of bilateral cases. Patients with bilateral PS showed higher myopic maculopathy, AL, and incidence of severe PM than unilateral PS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]