Search

Underground cable installation in historical areas, natural protected areas, narrow streets, or residential areas with high traffic flows is very difficult due to both legal permits and the conditions of the work sites. The trefoil layout requires a smaller channel than the flat layout. However, the trefoil layout carries some risks, such as damage to the cables together in the event of short circuit faults and reduced ampacity in single-side-bonded systems. This study's scope examines the current carrying capacities and thermal effects of directly buried underground cables in trefoil and vertical layouts using CYMCAP power cable analysis software. A field investigation was also carried out to verify the analysis results. The performance of the recommended method was evaluated by considering current and temperature measurements from the fieldwork and analysis. According to the studied cable design, the current carrying capacities of the cables in flat and vertical layouts are similar and higher than in the trefoil layout. However, it should be taken into consideration that these results will vary depending on a cable system's design parameters. As a result, this article emphasizes that a vertical layout can be considered as a layout option in certain areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population growth has brought an increase in energy demand and cost that has a meaningful impact on personal and government expenses. In this respect, governments attach importance to investments in renewable energy resources (RER), which are a sustainable and clean energy source. However, the unpredictable characteristics of RER are a major problem for these clean sources and RER need auxiliary assets. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are one of the promising solutions for these issues. Due to the high investment cost of BESS, governments act cautiously about accepting and implementing BESS in their power network. Recently, with the improvement of technology, the cost of BESS has been reduced, and therefore battery technologies have begun to be applied to conventional systems. In this study, first, we will review and discuss the current globally state-of-the-art BESS and their applications. Later, attention will be turned to a country-specific study for Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]