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The present research examines the unsteady sensitivity analysis and entropy generation of blood-based silver–titanium dioxide flow in a tilted cylindrical W-shape symmetric stenosis artery. The study considers various factors such as the electric field, joule heating, viscous dissipation, and heat source, while taking into account a two-dimensional pulsatile blood flow and periodic body acceleration. The finite difference method is employed to solve the governing equations due to the highly nonlinear nature of the flow equations, which requires a robust numerical technique. The utilization of the response surface methodology is commonly observed in optimization procedures. Drawing inspiration from drug delivery techniques used in cardiovascular therapies, it has been proposed to infuse blood with a uniform distribution of biocompatible nanoparticles. The figures depict the effects of significant parameters on the flow field, such as the electric field, Hartmann number, nanoparticle volume fraction, body acceleration amplitude, Reynolds number, Grashof number, and thermal radiation, on velocity, temperature (nondimensional), entropy generation, flow rate, resistance to flow, wall shear stress, and Nusselt number. The velocity and temperature profiles improve with higher values of the wall slip parameter. The flow rate profiles increase with an increment in wall velocity but decrease with the Womersley number. Increasing the intensity of radiation and decreasing magnetic fields both result in a decrease in the rate of heat transfer. The blood temperature is higher with the inclusion of hybrid nanoparticles than the unitary nanoparticles. The total entropy generation profiles increase for higher values of the Brickman number and temperature difference parameters. Unitary nanoparticles exhibit a slightly higher total entropy generation than hybrid nanoparticles, particularly when positioned slightly away from the center of the artery. The total entropy production decreases by 17.97% when the thermal radiation is increased from absence to 3. In contrast, increasing the amplitude of body acceleration from 0.5 to 2 results in a significant enhancement of 76.14% in the total entropy production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The self-organizing map (SOM), which is a type of artificial neural network (ANN), was formulated as an optimal control problem. Its objective function is to minimize the mean quantization error, and the state equation is the weight updating equation of SOM. Based on the objective function and the state equations, the Hamiltonian equation based on Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP) was formed. This study presents two models of SOM formulated as an optimal control problem. In the first model, called SOMOC1, the design is based on the state equation representing the weight updating equation of the best matching units of the SOM nodes in each iteration, whereas in the second model, called SOMOC2, it considers the weight updating equation of all the nodes in the SOM as the state updating equation. The learning rate is treated as the control variable. Based on the solution of the switching function, a bang-bang control was applied with a high and low learning rate. The proposed SOMOC2 model performs better than the SOMOC1 model and conventional SOM as it considers all the nodes in the Hamiltonian equation, and the switching function obtained from it is influenced by all the states, which provides one costate variable for each. The costate determines the marginal cost of violating the constraint by the state equations, and the switching function is influenced by this, hence producing a greater improvement in terms of the mean quantization error at the final iteration. It was found that the solution leads to an infinite order singular arc. The possible solutions for the suitable learning rates during the singular arc period are discussed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The laminar movement in an expanding and contracting permeable pipe or surface has recently attracted the attention of many scholars owing to its application in engineering and biological processes. The objective of the current study is to examine the influence of chemical processes on magnetized nanofluid flow over extending or shrinking permeable pipes with a heat reservoir. The flow equations are renovated into first ODEs by introducing the new variable and then numerically solved by RK4 with a shooting procedure. The effect of emerging factors on the flow features is observed using graphs and elaborated in detail. From the analysis, the temperature is raised when the heat source is increased in both cases of wall expansion or contraction but declines in the case of heat sinks. In the case of a heat source, the temperature rises as the Hartmann and Prandtl numbers are enhanced, but in the case of a heat sink, the temperature falls. In the presence of heat sinks and injections, when the thermophoresis factor is increased, the concentration of nanoparticles is increased in both wall expansion and contractions. In both situations of wall extension or contraction, along with injection, the concentration of nanoparticles is a decreasing function of N b , while the concentration of nanoparticles is an increasing function in the case of a heat source. Additionally, for the confirmation of the RK4 code, the total average square residue error and average square residue error are also presented. For the stability analysis, the current work is compared with published work, and excellent agreement is established. The novelty of the present study is to investigate the effect of chemical reaction on magnetized nanofluid flow over extending and shrinking porous pipes with heat generation and absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study is to investigate magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) time-dependent flow past a vertical slanted plate enclosing heat and mass transmission (HMT), induced magnetic field (IMF), thermal radiation (TR), and viscous and magnetic dissipation characteristics on a chemical reaction fluid flow. A boundary layer estimate is taken to develop a movement that exactly captures the time-dependent equations for continuity, momentum, magnetic induction, energy, concentration, generalized Ohm's law, and Maxwell's model. Partial differential equations designate the path occupied by the magnetized fluid as it passes through the porous matrix. In addition, a heat source is included in the model in order to monitor the flow nature in the current study. Because of the nonlinearity in the governing equations, the mathematical models are computed numerically by RK4 method. Further, tables and graphs are depicted to elucidate the physical influence of important factors on the flow characteristics. The novelty of the present work is investigating the irregular heat source and chemical reaction over the porous rotating channel. It is perceived that high thermal radiation occurs with increases in temperature and concentration. It is witnessed that the IMF effect is diminished for large values of magnetic Prandtl number (MPN). It is also analyzed that with increasing the heat source factor, the velocity of the fluid enhances. For stability analysis, the existing effort is compared with the published work and good agreement is found. Moreover, the residue error estimation confirms our solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensive of this study is to examine the melting heat and second-order slip (SoS) effect at the boundary in nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid (HN) ethylene–glycol (EG) based fluid through a curved surface using the Modified Fourier Law (MFL) and dust particles. Considering similarity transformation, the PDEs are converted to ODEs and then solved numerically by using the finite element method (FEM). The effects of solid volume fraction (SVF), melting heat factor, curvature factor, first and second-order slip factor, fluid particle concentration factor, and mass concentration factor on the velocity field, dust phase velocity (DPV), temperature field, dust phase temperature (DPT), and the Ski Friction (SF) are investigated through graphs and tables. The thermophysical properties of nanofluid and HN are depicted in tables. The novelty of the present work is to investigate the dusty- and dusty-hybrid nanoliquids over the curved surface with a melting heat effect and MFL which has not yet been studied. In the limiting case, the present work is compared with the published work and a good correlation is found. The confirmation of the mathematical model error estimations has been computed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin film flow (TFF) problems received a lot of attention in recent times. Some frequent applications of TFF include polymer and metal extraction, elastic sheet drawing, food striating, heat exchanges, and device fluidization. Further improvement and enhancement of TFF need to be examined due to its practical applications. In the current analysis, viscoelastic nanofluid thin film flow through the vertical expanding sheet in the presence of a magnetic field with entropy function has been examined. The governing equations are transformed to first-order ODEs through similarity transformation and then solved numerically by using RK4 along with the shooting technique and ND Solve method. The impact of embedded parameters is discussed using graphs and tables. Physical quantities of interest are also discussed in detail. For the numerical solution, the error estimation and the residue error are calculated for the stability and confirmation of the mathematical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work examined the thermodynamics of the MHD rotating dusty Maxwell water-based nanofluid with suspended dust particles. This study examines the importance of increasing the volume fraction of tiny particles of TiO2 and dust on fluid dynamics. With appropriate similarity transformations, the governing PDEs for both fluid and dusty-phase models are transformed into non-linear linked non-dimensional ODEs. To acquire graphical consequences, the bvp4c technique is implemented in MATLAB scripts. The primary and secondary velocities' magnitude in both phases decreases with an increase in the dust particle volume concentration, Lorentz force, rotating, and Maxwell fluid parameters. The growing strength of tiny particles of dust and TiO2 is responsible for the upshot of temperature in both dust and nanofluid phases. A visual representation of the Nusselt number and skin friction coefficients are is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boosting the heat transfer rate in a base fluid is of interest to researchers; many traditional methods have been utilized to do this. One significant way is using nanofluid to boost thermal performance. This investigation sought to improve the transmission of a thermal above-stretching inclined surface over an upper surface to be influenced by the magnetic field B 0 along the microgravity g * (τ) = g 0 (1 + a cos (π ω t)) . The G-jitter impacts were analyzed for three colloidal fluids flow; the mono micropolar nanofluid (alumina/water), micropolar hybrid nanofluid (alumina–titanium)/water, and micropolar trihybrid nanofluid (alumina–titanium–silicon)/water. Using suitable transformation, the governing formulation was changed into an ordinary differential equation. In a Matlab script, a computational code was composed to evaluate the impacts of the involved parameters on fluid dynamics. The fluid flow motion and thermal performance for the trihybrid case were greater than the mono and hybrid nanofluid cases subject to a microgravity environment. The fluid velocity and microrotation function decreased in opposition to the magnetic parameter's increasing strength, but with an increasing trend in the fluid temperature function. Fluctuations in the velocity gradient and heat flow gradient increased as the modulation amplitude increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current investigation aims to analyze the nanofluid flow between two infinite rotating horizontal channels. The lower plate is porous and stretchable. The impact of physical parameters such as Hall current, thermal characteristics, heat source/sink, chemical reaction on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are discussed through graphs. The governing equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations using suitable transformations and then solved numerically using the RK4 approach along with the shooting technique. For varying values of the Schmidt number (SN) and the chemical reaction factor (CRF), the concentration profile declines, but decreases for the activation energy. It is observed that the velocity profile declines with the increasing values of the suction factor. The velocity profile increases when the values of the rotation factors are increased. The temperature field exhibits a rising behavior with increasing values of the thermophoresis factor, Brownian motion, and the thermal radiation factor. It is also observed that the heat transfer rate is significant at the lower wall with the increasing values of the Prandtl number (PN). For the numerical solution, the error estimation and the residue error are calculated for the stability and confirmation of the mathematical model. The novelty of the present work is to investigate the irregular heat source and chemical reaction over the porous rotating channel. A growing performance is revealed by the temperature field, with the increase in the Brownian motion (BM), thermophoresis factor (TF), thermal conductivity factor (TCF), and the radiation factor (RF). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backpropagation (BP)-based gradient descent is the general approach to train a neural network with a multilayer perceptron. However, BP is inherently slow in learning, and it sometimes traps at local minima, mainly due to a constant learning rate. This pre-fixed learning rate regularly leads the BP network towards an unsuccessful stochastic steepest descent. Therefore, to overcome the limitation of BP, this work addresses an improved method of training the neural network based on optimal control (OC) theory. State equations in optimal control represent the BP neural network's weights and biases. Meanwhile, the learning rate is treated as the input control that adapts during the neural training process. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on several logic gates models such as XOR, AND, and OR, as well as the full adder model. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional method in terms of improved accuracy in output with a shorter time in training. The training via OC also reduces the local minima trap. The proposed algorithm is almost 40% faster than the steepest descent method, with a marginally improved accuracy of approximately 60%. Consequently, the proposed algorithm is suitable to be applied on devices with limited computation resources, since the proposed algorithm is less complex, thus lowering the circuit's power consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a conceivably hazardous ailment. Most end up with non-reversible surgical techniques, such as the maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) procedure. MMA is an amazingly obtrusive treatment, regularly connected to complexities and facial change. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) is broadly utilized as an instrument to comprehend the stream system inside the human upper airways (UA) completely. There are logical inconsistencies among the investigations into the utilizations of CFD for OSAS study. Thus, to adequately understand the requirement for OSAS CFD investigation, a systematic literature search was performed. This review features the necessary recommendations to accurately model the UA to fill in as an ideal predictive methodology before mandibular advancement surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professional driving involves sitting in uncomfortable positions, navigating difficult terrain and roads, and occasionally conducting small repairs and other auxiliary transportation duties while at work for long periods. Drivers who engage in these activities may develop a variety of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). MSDs in professional drivers are accompanied by several risk factors. In this study, the various risk factors for MSD have been identified through the literature reviews, discussions with professional drivers, and consultations with ergonomics specialists. This study employed the ordinal priority approach (OPA), a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique, to rank the identified risk variables for MSD in order of importance. The same OPA method has also been used to identify the group of professional drivers who use eight different types of vehicles and are more likely to develop MSDs. The analyses findings show that the five main risk factors for MSDs among drivers are prolonged sitting, restricted posture, working hours, alcohol consumption, and uncomfortable seating. Additionally, among all drivers regarded as professionals, truck drivers are found to be the most at risk. For the study's conclusions to be validated, a sensitivity analysis was also carried out. The results of this study are anticipated to help formulate strategies for lowering these hazards through the ergonomic design of drivers' cabins by automobile OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) and vehicle scheduling by concerned transportation organizations to reduce driver tiredness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study is focused on improving the thermal performance of the microchannel heat sink (MCHS) using the passive reentrant cavity approach. The MCHS physical model's single channel was used in a three-dimensional numerical simulation. The basic geometrical layout of the MCHS's computational domain was drawn from previously published research and verified using numerical and analytical correlations that were already in existence. The innovative conical-shaped microchannel heat sink's (CMCHS) properties for heat transmission and fluid flow were examined numerically under steady-state conditions with laminar flow and a constant heat flux. At various flow velocities and configurations, the impacts of the geometrical parameters on pressure drops and heat transfer were examined. The outcome demonstrates a tremendously positive thermal performance with a significantly greater pressure drop than the traditional straight channel. In the microchannels with the conical-shaped reentrant cavities and minimal pressure loss, convection heat transfer is significantly improved. The findings of the present investigation demonstrate that the conical-shaped MCHS is practical and has a good chance of being used in real-world settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) bio-convective flow and heat transfer of nanofluid, due to the swimming of the gyrotactic micro-organisms over a curved stretched sheet, is examined. In addition, thermophoresis and Brownian motion behaviors are also investigated by assuming slip conditions at the boundary. A non-linear system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). For convergent solutions, the obtained ODE system is solved by the use of the BVP4C routine integrated MATLAB package. In addition, the impacts of different influential parameters on motile micro-organisms, temperature, velocity, and concentration profiles are deliberated. The velocity field is observed to be reduced when the slip parameter increases. As the main results, it is demonstrated that the distribution of motile microorganisms against the curvature parameter decreases significantly. Similarly, it is found that the nanofluid parameters (i.e., Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters) and the Peclet number reduce the motile micro-organisms' number. On the other hand, it is evidenced that the motile micro-organisms' distribution can be improved with an increase in bio-convective Schmidt number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, heat and mass transportation have had some of the most recognized and attractive research areas in computational fluid dynamics. It is useful in the modeling of the flow of nuclear reactors, bioinformatics, the medical discipline, etc. Driven by the execution of the flow in the manufacturing application, the goal of the present analysis is to explore the novel effect of micropolar fluid configured by an exponentially elongated sheet positioned horizontally in a porous channel. The impact of activation energy, internal heating, and heat and mass transfer features are integrated into the revised flow model. A mathematical framework for different flow fields is developed in order to highlight the significant aspects of the thermal and concentration slip effects evaluated on the extended plat surface, with the aid of appropriate transformation factors to diminish the nonlinear fundamental flow equations (PDEs) to a system of (ODEs). Precise numerical treatment for a wide range of pertinent parameters is adopted to solve the nonlinear system through a built-in algorithm in the MATHEMATICA platform. The features of prominent emerging parameters against various flow fields are viewed and addressed through plotted visuals. The influence of the factors on skin friction, heat, and mass coefficients offered through 3D animation is evaluated. The temperature profile improves with ascending values of Brownian parameter and thermophoretic diffusion force but diminishes with subject expansions in Prandtl number and thermal slip parameter. It has been noticed that the concentration outlines increase for reaction rate and activation energy parameters but dwindle for expending values of porosity parameter, Lewis number, and concentration slip parameter. Skin fraction values increase due to the growing nature of the micropolar and second-grade fluid parameters. Nusselt numbers upsurge for increasing thermophoretic diffusion parameters while exhibiting a declining trend for Brownian motion parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid nanofluids combine two or more nano properties with a base fluid such as water ethylene. Usually, this helps enhance the heat transfer rate; in this article, using new similarity transformations created by Lie group analysis, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of connected nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The resulting design is numerically solved using a BVP4C solver with the shooting method (MATLAB). The magneto hydrodynamic flow of an incompressible fluid and the rate of heat and mass transfer were investigated for two cases, with various nanoparticle shapes including cylindrical, spherical, and platelet. Case 1 was CNT (1%), graphene (1%), and aluminum oxide (1%), and Case 2 was copper (1%), silver (1%), and cobalt ferrite (1%). When the Hartmann number rises, velocity and temperature exhibit inverse behavior: the velocity profile increases, and the temperature profile decreases. When the suction rises, the velocity and temperature profiles both increase. Optimization techniques were used from response surface methodology (RSM) to set factorial variables so that the response met the desired maximum or minimum value. Factorial methods like ANOVA were used to model the response, but they were expanded to simulate the effects in terms of extrapolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steady-state solutions of two mixed initial-boundary value problems are presented in equivalent forms. They describe isothermal permanent motions of incompressible Burgers' fluids over an infinite flat plate that applies time-dependent shear stresses to the fluid. More exactly, they are the first exact solutions for motions of Burgers' fluids with differential expressions of the shear stress or velocity on the boundary. The obtained results are designed to make equivalent solutions for motions caused by an infinite plate moving in its plane at velocities that seem to be similar to previous shear stresses. It is simple to limit all results for the purpose of providing efficient results for incompressible Oldroyd-B, Maxwell, second grade and Newtonian fluids undergoing comparable motions. They may also be used to estimate how long it will take to get to a steady or permanent state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated a radiative chemically reactive Casson fluid above a cone, plate, and wedge with gyrotactic microorganisms subjected to the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model. Newton's method and the Runge–Kutta methods were employed to solve the physical problem, and a graphical representation of the numerous impacts of non-dimensional parameters on temperature, velocity, and concentration was created. In addition, we also compared recently published solutions with our current solution, which showed good agreement. From this investigation, we concluded that the motile organisms' momentum, temperature, and concentration density were non-uniform in nature. Here, for engineering importance, we also present the mass transfer and thermal transfer rate over the cone, wedge, and plate cases in a tabular form. We concluded that the mass and heat transfer rate was larger over the cone when compared to the same case over a plate or wedge. The results also highlighted that the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers and the mass density of the microorganisms depreciated as the Casson fluid parameter decreased. In summary, we concluded that the gyrotactic microorganisms played a role in enhancing the local Sherwood number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the significance of varying radius of copper nanoparticles for non-Newtonian nanofluid flow due to an extending sheet in the presence of a magnetic field and porous medium. The modern technological applications of non-Newtonian nanofluids have attracted researchers in the current era. So, the impacts of the radius of nanoparticles with micropolar fluid have been taken into consideration. Three-dimensional leading equations (PDEs) for momentum, concentration, and temperature are transformed into ODEs by applying the appropriate similarity transformation. The numerical approach bvp4c is applied to obtain the problem's solution numerically. The influence of the nanoparticles' radius and various physical parameters on the microrotation, velocity, and temperature profile are analyzed. The velocity profile decreases against the magnetic field (M), rotational parameter (Γ), and Forchheimer number (Fr), but the temperature distribution has increasing behavior for these parameters, and the microrotation is augmented for rising inputs of the magnetic parameter and boundary parameter (β). It is also observed that the temperature reduces against the material parameter (∇) and Forchheimer number ( F r ). The skin friction coefficients and Nusselt number decrease against the growing strength of the Forchheimer number (F r) . At the stretching surface, the skin friction factor and Nusselt number are numerically and graphically calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the dynamic of three-dimensional rotating flow of Maxwell nanofluid across a linearly stretched sheet subject to a water-based fluid containing copper nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are used due to their fascinating features, such as exceptional thermal conductivity, which is crucial in modern nanotechnology and electronics. The primary goal of this comprehensive study is to examine the nanoparticles size and shape factors effect on the base fluid temperature. The mathematical model contains the governing equations in three dimensional partial differential equations form, and these equations transformed into dimensionless ordinary dimensional equations via suitable similarity transformation. The bvp4c technique is harnessed and coded in Matlab script to obtain a numerical solution of the coupled non-linear ordinary differential problem. It is observed that the greater input of rotating, Deborah number, and magnetic parameters caused a decline in the fluid primary and secondary velocities, but the nanoparticles concentration enhanced the fluid temperature. Further, a substantial increment in the nanofluid temperature is achieved for the higher nanoparticle's diameter and shape factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their unique microstructures, micropolar fluids have attracted enormous attention due to their potential for industrial application, including convective heat and mass transfer polymer production and the rigid and random cooling of particles for metallic sheets. In this context, a micropolar second-grade fluid flow over a vertical Riga plate is investigated for hidden microstructures. The novelty of the flow model allows us to explore the significance of Brownian motion and thermophoresis on the dynamics of non-Newtonian fluid. A mathematical model is developed under the flow assumptions for micropolar second-grade fluid over a vertical Riga plate of PDEs, reducing them into ODEs by invoking similarity techniques. The acquired system of non-linear ODEs is elucidated numerically using bvp4c methodology. Furthermore, comparative tables are generated to confirm the bvp4c technique, ensuring the accuracy of our numerical approach. This rheological study of micropolar second-grade fluid suggests that temperature distribution increases due to variations in the micropolar parameter (K), Eckert number (Ec), and the thermophoresis parameter (Nt), and the concentration distribution (Φ(η)) keeps rising against the boosting values of Brownian motion (Nb); however, the inverse trend is noted against thermophoresis (Nt). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the heat transfer properties of a magnetohydrodynamic Prandtl hybrid nanofluid over a stretched surface in the presence of bioconvection and chemical reaction effects. This article investigates the bio-convection, inclined magnetohydrodynamic, thermal linear radiations, and chemical reaction of hybrid nanofluid across stretching sheets. Also, the results are compared with the nanofluid flow. Moreover, the non-Newtonian fluid named Prandtl fluid is considered. Microfluidics, industry, transportation, the military, and medicine are just a few of the real-world applications of hybrid nanofluids. Due to the nonlinear and convoluted nature of the governing equations for the problem, similarity transformations are used to develop a simplified mathematical model with all differential equations being ordinary and asymmetric. The reduced mathematical model is computationally analyzed using the MATLAB software package's boundary value problem solver, Runge-Kutta-fourth-fifth Fehlberg's order method. When compared to previously published studies, it is observed that the acquired results exhibited a high degree of symmetry and accuracy. The velocity profiles of basic nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid are increased by increasing the Prandtl parameters' values, which is consistent with prior observations. Additionally, the concentration and temperature of simple and hybrid nanofluids increase with the magnetic parameter values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the recycling challenges in ionic fluids, they have a significant advantage over traditional solvents. Ionic liquids make it easier to separate the end product and recycle old catalysts, particularly when the reaction media is a two-phase system. In the current analysis, the properties of transient, electroviscous, ternary hybrid nanofluid flow through squeezing parallel infinite plates is reported. The ternary hybrid nanofluid is synthesized by dissolving the titanium dioxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles in the carrier fluid glycol/water. The purpose of the current study is to maximize the energy and mass transfer rate for industrial and engineering applications. The phenomena of fluid flow is studied, with the additional effects of the magnetic field, heat absorption/generation, chemical reaction, and activation energy. The ternary hybrid nanofluid flow is modeled in the form of a system of partial differential equations, which are subsequently simplified to a set of ordinary differential equations through resemblance substitution. The obtained nonlinear set of dimensionless ordinary differential equations is further solved, via the parametric continuation method. For validity purposes, the outcomes are statistically compared to an existing study. The results are physically illustrated through figures and tables. It is noticed that the mass transfer rate accelerates with the rising values of Lewis number, activation energy, and chemical reaction. The velocity and energy transfer rate boost the addition of ternary NPs to the base fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an investigation of heat transfer in a porous medium adjacent to a vertical plate. The porous medium is subjected to a magnetohydrodynamic effect and suction velocity. The governing equations are nondepersonalized and converted into ordinary differential equations. The resulting equations are solved with the help of the finite difference method. The impact of various parameters, such as the Prandtl number, Grashof number, permeability parameter, radiation parameter, Eckert number, viscous dissipation parameter, and magnetic parameter, on fluid flow characteristics inside the porous medium is discussed. Entropy generation in the medium is analyzed with respect to various parameters, including the Brinkman number and Reynolds number. It is noted that the velocity profile decreases in magnitude with respect to the Prandtl number, but increases with the radiation parameter. The Eckert number has a marginal effect on the velocity profile. An increased radiation effect leads to a reduced thermal gradient at the hot surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]