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The purpose of this study is to analyze how global research cooperation patterns in the secondary battery industry have changed over recent years and to identify the evolution in the focus of research. To this end, network analysis was performed using the nationality information of the authors of a 10-year multinational joint research paper related to lithium-ion batteries. Furthermore, keyword analysis and topic modeling were performed using the abstract data from the study. The results of this study confirm that some countries that are not well-known in the field, such as Australia, Spain, and France, showed high centrality, compared with the level of cooperation scale. Additionally, six research topics were identified. According to a comparison over the first half of the decade, no difference was observed in the appearance of keywords indicating high energy density and conductivity with lithium, a key mineral. Keyword distribution was high for topics like battery charging and discharging in the first half of the decade, and for next-generation battery materials, such as solid electrolytes, lithium metal anodes, and lithium–sulfur batteries in the second. These results provide insights into the establishment of research and development (R&D) cooperation strategies by countries and pre-planning by companies in the battery industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: This work expands the understanding of science and technology parks (STPs) and can also guide STP decision makers by incorporating data science and artificial intelligence tools, as well as guiding policy makers on how to promote innovation. The role played by science and technology parks (STPs) in technology transfer, industrial innovation, and economic growth is examined in this paper. The accurate monitoring of their evolution and impact is hindered by the lack of uniformity in STP models or goals, and the scarcity of high-quality datasets. This work uses existing terminologies, definitions, and core features of STPs to conduct a multidimensional data analysis that explores and evaluates the 21 core features which describe the key internal factors of an STP. The core features are gathered from a reliable and updatable dataset of Spanish STPs. The methodological framework can be replicated for other STP contexts and is based on descriptive techniques and machine-learning tools. The results of the study provide an overview of the general situation of STPs in Spain, validate the existence and characteristics of three types of STPs, and identify the typical features of STPs. Moreover, the prototype STP can be used as a benchmark so that other STPs can identify the features that need to be improved. Finally, this work makes it possible to carry out classifications of STPs, in addition to prediction and decision making for innovation ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Women report a heightened concern of (breast) cancer, relative to other chronic conditions. This experimental study investigated whether such heightened concern may be a function of availability bias. Methods: participants (N = 750; 100% female) were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions: in the recall condition, they were asked to name the health condition they feared most; in the recognition condition, they picked the disease they feared most out of a list of chronic conditions. Results: The probability of selecting cancer as the most frightening disease varied as a function of experimental condition χ2 (10) = 112.13, p < 0.001. Participants in the recall condition were almost twice as likely to select cancer as the most frightening disease (N = 240, 59.10%) as those in the recognition condition (N = 121, 35.20%), who most frequently selected neurological diseases as the most threatening. The majority of participants believed that cancer was the disease receiving the most media attention (86.27%) (prior to the COVID-19 pandemic), and the one accounting for the highest number of deaths among Spanish females (63.50%). Conclusions: altogether, these results provide experimental evidence that availability bias may partly account for misperceptions and a heightened fear of cancer, which may narrow the scope of women's information-seeking and health-preventive behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empirical evidence supports the simultaneous relationship between parental warmth and child-to-parent violence (CPV). However, no studies analyze the lagged effects of perceived parental warmth and the potential impact of cognitive mechanisms legitimizing immoral behavior on this relationship. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of moral disengagement strategies (reconstruction of immoral behavior, obscuring personal responsibility, misrepresenting injurious consequences, and blaming the victim) in the relationship between the perceived paternal and maternal warmth dimensions (warmth-communication and criticism-rejection) during childhood and CPV towards the father and mother. The sample included 2122 Spanish adolescents (57.7% female) aged 13 to 18 years. The Child-to-Parent Violence Questionnaire (CPV-Q), the Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement Scale (MMDS-S), and the Warmth Scale were used as assessment instruments. The results indicate that paternal and maternal warmth-communication is negatively associated with CPV, whereas paternal and maternal criticism-rejection and moral disengagement strategies are positively related to CPV. The mediation models show that the reconstruction of immoral behavior plays a crucial mediation role in the relationship between paternal and maternal warmth-communication and CPV as well as in the relationship between maternal criticism-rejection and CPV. The results emphasize the necessity of early prevention programs for parents promoting positive parenting practices, including parental warmth, to foster children's adaptive socio-cognitive development. In addition, addressing moral disengagement in adolescents could help prevent or stop a pattern of violent behavior toward parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the application of spatial models to non-life insurance data focused on the multi-risk home insurance branch. In the pricing modelling and rating process, spatial information should be considered by actuaries and insurance managers because frequencies and claim sizes may vary by region and the premium should be different considering this rating variable. In addition, it is relevant to examine the spatial dependence due to the fact that the frequency of claims in neighbouring regions is often expected to be more closely related than those in regions far from each other. In this paper, a comparison between spatial models, such as spatial autoregressive models (SAR), the spatial error model (SEM), and the spatial Durbin model (SDM), and a non-spatial model has been developed. The data used for this analysis are for a home insurance portfolio located in Spain, from which we have selected peril of water coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Healthy aging is the process of developing and maintaining functional capacity and optimizing involvement in order to improve one's quality of life as people age. This study aimed to encourage healthy aging in people with cognitive impairment, as well as a control group, via the use of the Nintendo Switch combined with occupational therapy sessions, aiming to improve gross and fine motor skills, functionality, quality of life, and cognitive status. (2) Methods: A randomized clinical trial was undertaken. The sample was randomized using the OxMar software program Attribution 4.0 International, facilitating the division into a control group (CG), who received conventional occupational therapy sessions, and an experimental group (EG), who received therapy incorporating the Nintendo Switch, in addition to conventional occupational therapy sessions. The intervention period with the Nintendo Switch lasted for 8 weeks. (3) Results: Thirty-two participants were included in the study. Significant differences were found in the vast majority of the variables analyzed, which shows an improvement following the intervention; these improvements were mainly observed in measures of skill and the perception of quality of life. (4) Conclusions: An eight-week intervention with the Nintendo Switch alongside conventional occupational therapy helps to maintain cognitive status and functional independence. Following 8 weeks of intervention with the Nintendo Switch, improvements in gross motor dexterity, fine motor dexterity, and quality of life were observed in older people with cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pelvic floor dysfunction comprises various disorders, including urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and chronic pelvic pain. This study aimed to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL), anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, and sexual functioning in women with pelvic floor dysfunction of colorectal etiology compared with control women. Patients were recruited from a specialized colorectal unit and controls were selected from among the patients' friends and relatives. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. Pelvic floor dysfunction distress and impact, HRQoL, depression, anxiety, insomnia, and sexual functioning were assessed using the following validated questionnaires: Short-Form Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20), Short Form Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7), 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Changes in Sexual Functioning Scale (CSFQ). Statistical analyses included Welch's t-test, Fisher's exact test, and Spearman's correlation coefficients. Eighty-four patients and 57 controls were included. Compared with controls, patients were more likely to be obese or overweight, have had higher numbers of deliveries, more vaginal deliveries, more frequent use of forceps, and have had more associated comorbidities, mainly in the urinary, neurological, and psychiatric domains. As expected, patients scored significantly higher than controls on both the PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 and their respective sub-scales, with the highest mean values in the patient group on the sub-scales related to the colorectal–anal domain. QoL, depression, anxiety, insomnia, and sexual functioning were significantly worse in patients than in controls (p < 0.0001 in every case). In patients, PFIQ-7 scores correlated significantly with HRQoL (p < 0.001 for the physical component and p < 0.01 for the mental component), depression (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001), insomnia (p < 0.05), and sexual functioning scores (p < 0.05). Colorectal pelvic floor dysfunction had a markedly deleterious impact on the HRQoL, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and sexual functioning of patients. It is concluded that colorectal pelvic floor dysfunction exerts a considerable burden on patients' lives. Addressing these issues in clinical settings could significantly improve patients' well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document analyzes a survey conducted in three geographical areas in Spain, focusing on centers for individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). The study aims to determine the adherence rate to recommended physical activity guidelines, assess if there is a decline in interest in physical activity over time, identify the stage at which this decline occurs, and explore potential mechanisms, tools, or strategies to sustain long-term engagement in regular physical activity for this population. The 36-item questionnaire comprises multiple-choice, open-ended, and Likert scale-type questions. Data were collected on physical activity frequency and duration, daily living activities, and demographics. Statistical analysis identified patterns and relationships between variables. Findings reveal that only a 17.6% meets the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations regarding regular physical activity (RPA), decreasing in frequency or number of days a week, (3.7 d/w to 2.9 d/w; p < 0.01) and duration (50.5 min/d to 45.2 min/d; p < 0.001) with age, especially for those with higher Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) mobility levels. Obesity slightly correlates with session duration (ρ = −0.207; p < 0.05), not mobility limitations. Gender has no significant impact on mobility, communication, or physical activity, while age affects variables such as body mass index (BMI) and engagement (p < 0.01). A substantial proportion follows regular physical activities based on health professionals' advice, with interest decreasing with age. To improve adherence, focusing on sports-oriented goals, group sessions, and games is recommended. These findings emphasize the importance of personalized programs, particularly for older individuals and those with greater mobility limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The display of compassionate care by palliative care professionals is of the utmost importance to the patients, their families, and even to their own professional well-being. Lately and, especially due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, palliative care professionals have been subjected to greater pressures stemming from their work environment, organizational standpoint, and emotional sense of view. Not only have these factors made it harder for professionals to deliver compassionate care to their patients, but they have also decreased their overall well-being. The aim is to study how sociodemographics, workplace characteristics, internal resources, and the COVID-19 pandemic-derived pressures have affected the professionals' capacity to perform compassionate care and their well-being while at the same time exploring the relationship between compassionate care and well-being. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with data gathered from Spanish palliative care professionals. The final sample was formed by 241 participants. They were surveyed about compassion, professional quality of life, well-being, sociodemographic data, working conditions, self-care, and coping with death competence, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analyses used were descriptive statistics, bivariate tests, and the construction of a structural equation model. Results: Compassion was predicted by the ability to control their workload and the ability to cope with death. Burnout was predicted by age, workload, workload control, self-care, material resources, and changes in teamwork. Moreover, compassion, age, workload control, and changes in teamwork and self-care were shown to significantly predict compassion satisfaction. When it comes to compassion fatigue, different variables were shown to predict it, those being compassion, control over the workload, social self-care, and the ability to cope with death. Conclusions: Having a healthy lifestyle and an adequate social support system is key to maintaining professional well-being in the case of palliative care professionals. Inner resources such as the ability to perform self-care and the capacity to cope with death are of vital importance to taking care of these professionals. Thus, it would be beneficial to establish training programs focused on these aspects in the myriad of sanitary centers that perform these tasks, as these abilities are necessary to withstand the work-related pressures and, at the same time, be able to provide compassionate care for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Institutionalized individuals with intellectual disabilities have few opportunities to participate in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), which probably affects higher cognitive functions, or vice versa. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the possible difference in the ability to perform IADLs and executive functioning between individuals with and without intellectual disabilities and to determine if executive functions are associated with the performance of IADLs in people with intellectual disabilities. This was a multi-center cross-sectional study, conducted between July 2019 and May 2020. Participants with intellectual disabilities were recruited from four centers for people with intellectual disabilities. Adults without these disabilities were gathered from several community centers. The sample consisted of 90 individuals with moderate intellectual disabilities and 79 individuals with no intellectual disability. Executive functions were evaluated using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—WAIS-IV, the INECO Frontal Screening test, the Semantic Verbal Fluency Test, and the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome—BADS—Scale. The performance of the IADLs was assessed by the Lawton and Brody Scale. The results showed that the higher the function in instrumental activities, the lower the impairment of executive functions. Executive functions accounted for 81% of the total variance in the ability to perform the IADLs. In conclusion, individuals with moderate intellectual disabilities demonstrated limitations in executing the IADLs, which were partially associated with low performance in executive functions. This information could help in the development of evidence-based intervention programs and facilitate the formulation of appropriate support strategies to enhance participation in these activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A good understanding of historical change rates is a key requirement for effective coastal zone management and reliable predictions of shoreline evolution. Historical shoreline erosion for the coast of Guardamar del Segura (Alicante, Spain) is analyzed based on aerial photographs dating from 1930 to 2022 using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS). This area is of special interest because the construction of a breakwater in the 1990s, which channels the mouth of the Segura River, has caused a change in coastal behavior. The prediction of future shorelines is conducted up to the year 2040 using two models based on data analysis techniques: the extrapolation of historical data (including the uncertainty of the historical measurements) and the Bruun-type model (considering the effect of sea level rises). The extrapolation of the natural erosion of the area up to 1989 is also compared with the reality, already affected by anthropic actions, in the years 2005 and 2022. The construction of the breakwater has accelerated the erosion along the coast downstream of this infrastructure by about 260%, endangering several houses that are located on the beach itself. The estimation models predict transects with erosions ranging from centimeters (±70 cm) to tens of meters (±30 m). However, both models are often overlapping, which gives a band where the shoreline may be thought to be in the future. The extrapolation of erosion up to 1989, and its subsequent comparison, shows that in most of the study areas, anthropic actions have increased erosion, reaching values of more than 35 m of shoreline loss. The effect of anthropic actions on the coast is also analyzed on the housing on the beach of Babilonia, which has lost around 17% of its built-up area in 40 years. This work demonstrates the importance of historical analysis and predictions before making any significant changes in coastal areas to develop sustainable plans for coastal area management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disease that is usually diagnosed in childhood, underscoring the importance of early disease control for overall wellbeing. Our aim was to design an explanatory model of subjective emotional wellbeing in children and adolescents with T1D. A longitudinal study was conducted at the Reina Sofia University Hospital in Cordoba (Spain). A total of 151 patients (mean age = 14.50, SD = 2.67; 41.1% girls) participated at T1, while 97 participated at T2 (mean age = 14.93, SD = 2.56; 39.2% girls). Participants completed a self-report questionnaire. Descriptive, reliability, correlation, path, and mediation analyses were performed. The explanatory model showed excellent fit indices [χ2 (10) = 8.62, p = 0.57, RMSEA = 0.00, 95% [0.00, 0.10], CFI = 1.00, GFI = 0.98, AGFI = 0.93, and TLI = 1.01]. The results showed significant and positive relationships between family social support and subjective emotional wellbeing and improved self-care skills. Self-efficacy presented a mediating role between family social support and subjective emotional wellbeing. Given that self-efficacy is a self-regulatory mechanism and a determinant of health, it is argued that future psychoeducational interventions could aim to improve self-efficacy to manage chronic diseases, to achieve greater emotional wellbeing in children and adolescents with T1D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the influence of exposure to family violence during childhood on child-to-parent violence (CPV) through moral disengagement. The sample included 1868 Spanish adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years (57.9% female, Mage = 14.94, SD = 1.37). Participants completed the Child-to-Parent Violence Questionnaire, the Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement Scale, and the Exposure to Violence Scale during childhood. Results showed that exposure to family violence during childhood (vicarious and direct violence) contribute independently and positively to CPV. Moreover, the relationship between vicarious and direct exposure to family violence and CPV is mediated by moral disengagement. The structural model was replicated for both CPV towards the father and CPV towards the mother. The results highlight the importance of early exposure to family violence and moral disengagement in violent behavior towards parents. It is necessary to stage an early intervention with children who have been exposed to family violence in order to prevent an intergenerational transmission of violent behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acid mine drainage events have a negative influence on the water quality of fluvial systems affected by coal mining activities. This research focuses on the analysis of these events, revealing hidden correlations among potential factors that contribute to the occurrence of atypical measures and ultimately proposing the basis of an analytical tool capable of automatically capturing the overall behavior of the fluvial system. For this purpose, the hydrological and water quality data collected by an automated station located in a coal mining region in the NW of Spain (Fabero) were analyzed with advanced mathematical methods: statistical Bayesian machine learning (BML) and functional data analysis (FDA). The Bayesian analysis describes a structure fully dedicated to explaining the behavior of the fluvial system and the characterization of the pH, delving into its statistical association with the rest of the variables in the model. FDA allows the definition of several time-dependent correlations between the functional outliers of different variables, namely, the inverse relationship between pH, rainfall, and flow. The results demonstrate that an analytical tool structured around a Bayesian model and functional analysis automatically captures different patterns of the pH in the fluvial system and identifies the underlying anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress and stressors related to clinical practice are some of the main reasons for the discomfort reported by nursing students. It is important to identify the causes of stress and seek strategies to reduce the stress levels in nursing students. Clinical training seminars have proven to be a useful tool to reduce stress levels. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a series of clinical training seminars on the levels of stress and perception of stress factors before the start of clinical practice among undergraduate Spanish nursing students. A two-phase, sequential mixed-methods design was used. For the quantitative phase, data were collected using Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale and the KEZKAK questionnaire before and after the clinical training seminars. Qualitative data were collected through a focus group session held after the clinical training period. The results show a significant reduction (p = 0.002) in perceived stress levels after the clinical training seminars, and also a change in students' perception of stressors in the clinical placement. This study provides valuable information for the development of content for clinical training seminars. Universities should develop strategies to reduce stress in their students caused by the clinical placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rangeland degradation caused by increasing misuses remains a global concern. Rangelands have a remarkable spatiotemporal heterogeneity, making them suitable to be monitored with remote sensing. Among the remotely sensed vegetation indices, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is most used in ecology and agriculture. In this paper, we research the relationship of NDVI with temperature, precipitation, and Aridity Index (AI) in four different arid rangeland areas in Spain's southeast. We focus on the interphase variability, studying time series from 2002 to 2019 with regression analysis and lagged correlation at two different spatial resolutions (500 × 500 and 250 × 250 m2) to understand NDVI response to meteorological variables. Intraseasonal phases were defined based on NDVI patterns. Strong correlation with temperature was reported in phases with high precipitations. The correlation between NDVI and meteorological series showed a time lag effect depending on the area, phase, and variable observed. Differences were found between the two resolutions, showing a stronger relationship with the finer one. Land uses and management affected the NDVI dynamics heavily strongly linked to temperature and water availability. The relationship between AI and NDVI clustered the areas in two groups. The intraphases variability is a crucial aspect of NDVI dynamics, particularly in arid regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trans* people frequently report attitudes of prejudice/transphobia in health professionals. Conversely, health professionals indicate the lack of adequate training to care for these people and its impact on the quality of care provided. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the explicit prejudices/transphobia of health students and professionals and compare them with the general population in Tenerife. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with the Genderism and Transphobia Scale (GTS) and the Negative Attitude towards Trans* people Scale (EANT) with a total of 602 participants. Results: We found a low mean level of explicit prejudice/transphobia, with little/no differences between occupation groups. Explicit transphobia was correlated with being a man, less educated, and heterosexual, and not personally knowing a trans* person. Men and women were less transphobic about trans* people whose identities coincided with their own. Conclusion: All participants showed a low mean level of explicit transphobia. This result is not incompatible with unconscious prejudice, which may translate to discriminatory behaviors. Interventions to change negative attitudes are still needed, since even a small percentage of transphobic health professionals could exert a considerable negative impact on health care. In professionals without transphobic attitudes, the barriers identified by trans* people might be a problem due to the lack of specific training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is increasing temperatures and causing periods of water scarcity in arid and semi-arid climates. The agricultural sector is one of the most affected by these changes, having to optimise scarce water resources. An important phenomenon within the water cycle is the evaporation from water reservoirs, which implies a considerable amount of water lost during warmer periods of the year. Indeed, evaporation rate forecasting can help farmers grow crops more sustainably by managing water resources more efficiently in the context of precision agriculture. In this work, we expose an interpretable machine learning approach, based on a multivariate decision tree, to forecast the evaporation rate on a daily basis using data from an Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure, which is deployed on a real irrigated plot located in Murcia (southeastern Spain). The climate data collected feed the models that provide a forecast of evaporation and a summary of the parameters involved in this process. Finally, the results of the interpretable presented model are validated with the best literature models for evaporation rate prediction, i.e., Artificial Neural Networks, obtaining results very similar to those obtained for them, reaching up to 0.85 R 2 and 0.6 M A E . Therefore, in this work, a double objective is faced: to maintain the performance obtained by the models most frequently used in the problem while maintaining the interpretability of the knowledge captured in it, which allows better understanding the problem and carrying out appropriate actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: the purpose of this study is to analyze the incidence and in-hospital mortality (IHM) of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) needing hospital admission and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in Spain (2016–2019). (2) Methods: using the Spanish Register of Specialized Care-Basic Minimum Database, we estimated the incidence of CAP and HAP. We matched each woman with a man with an identical age, according to comorbidities. (3) Results: we analyzed 518,838 cases of CAP and 38,705 cases of HAP, and 5192 ventilator-associated HAPs (13.4%). The incidence of CAP increased over time in both men (from 384.5 to 449.8 cases/105 population) and women (from 244.9 to 301.2 cases/105 population). Men showed a 47% higher adjusted incidence of CAP than women. The incidence of HAP increased over time in both men (from 302.3 to 342.2 cases/105 population) and women (from 139.2 to 167.6 cases/105 population). Men showed a 98% higher adjusted incidence of HAP than women. IHM was higher in men admitted for CAP than in women (12.9% vs. 12.2%; p < 0.001), but not in men who developed HAP (28.9% vs. 28.0%; p = 0.107). Men admitted for CAP (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.10–1.15) and men who developed HAP (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01–1.10) had higher IHM than women. (4) Conclusions: men had higher incidence rates of CAP and HAP than women. Men admitted for CAP and men who developed HAP had higher IHM than women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, and the restrictions imposed by the social distance and the enforced confinement, are having an impact on the art markets globally. The aim of this article is to evaluate the impact of an external shock in the primary art market, using three countries as a case study: Portugal, Spain, and Brazil. These geographies have in common being at the margins in the art market's main art hubs. It is intended to analyze how agents are responding to the new context, according to the data gathered within the gallery sector. The methods applied in the research are a combination of surveys carried out by the authors, field-based observation, along with an academic literature review, complemented by international and national reports analysis. The study's main findings allow us to characterize the art market as a very resilient sector that energetically responded to the crisis, able to adapt and overcome challenges imposed by the new pandemic situation. Contemporary art galleries expanded digital activities, kept participating in art fairs hybrid models, continued to focus on internationalization, and pointed to the strengthening of public policies towards the sector and partnerships as key strategies to overcome the crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land fragmentation and small plots are the main features of the rural environment of Galicia (NW Spain). Smallholding limits land use management, representing a drawback in local forest planning. This study analyzes the potential use of multitemporal Sentinel-2 images to detect and control forest cuts in very small pine and eucalyptus plots located in southern Galicia. The proposed approach is based on the analysis of Sentinel-2 NDVI time series in 4231 plots smaller than 3 ha (average 0.46 ha). The methodology allowed us to detect cuts, allocate cut dates and quantify plot areas due to different cutting cycles in an uneven-aged stand. An accuracy of approximately 95% was achieved when the whole plot was cut, with an 81% accuracy for partial cuts. The main difficulty in detecting and dating cuts was related to cloud cover, which affected the multitemporal analysis. In conclusion, the proposed methodology provides an accurate estimation of cutting date and area, helping to improve the monitoring system in sustainable forest certifications to ensure compliance with forest management plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an increasing interest in reducing the energy consumption in buildings and in improving their energy efficiency. Building retrofitting is the employed solution for enhancing the energy efficiency in existing buildings. However, the actual performance after retrofitting should be analysed to check the effectiveness of the energy conservation measures. The aim of this work was to detect and to quantify the impact that a retrofitting had in the electrical consumption, heating demands, lighting and temperatures of a building located in the north of Spain. The methodology employed is the application of Functional Data Analyses (FDA) in comparison with classic mathematical techniques such as the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The methods that are commonly used for assessing building refurbishment are based on vectorial approaches. The novelty of this work is the application of FDA for assessing the energy performance of renovated buildings. The study proves that more accurate and realistic results are obtained working with correlated datasets than with independently distributed observations of classical methods. Moreover, the electrical savings reached values of more than 70% and the heating demands were reduced more than 15% for all floors in the building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting a tourist destination requires uncovering travel patterns and destination choices, identifying the profile of visitors and analyzing attitudes and preferences of visitors for the city. To this end, tourism-related data are an invaluable asset to understand tourism behaviour, obtain statistical records and support decision-making for business around tourism. In this work, we study the behaviour of tourists visiting top attractions of a city in relation to the tourist influx to restaurants around the attractions. We propose to undertake this analysis by retrieving information posted by visitors in a social network and using an open access map service to locate the tweets in a influence area of the city. Additionally, we present a pattern recognition based technique to differentiate visitors and locals from the collected data from the social network. We apply our study to the city of Valencia in Spain and Berlin in Germany. The results show that, while in Valencia the most frequented restaurants are located near top attractions of the city, in Berlin, it is usually the case that the most visited restaurants are far away from the relevant attractions of the city. The conclusions from this study can be very insightful for destination marketers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]