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The aim of this study is to explore the influence of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors on business failure in Brazil by employing advanced machine learning techniques. We collected data from 235 companies and conducted principal component analysis (PCA) on 40 variables already used in the bankruptcy failure literature, resulting in the formation of seven variables that predict business failure. The results indicate that ESG factors significantly predict business failure in Brazil. This study has implications for investors, policymakers, and business leaders, offering a more precise tool for risk assessment and strategic decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In August of 2022, the United States Department of Treasury sanctioned the virtual currency mixer Tornado Cash, an open-source and fully decentralised piece of software running on the Ethereum blockchain, subsequently leading to the arrest of one of its developers in the Netherlands. Not only was this the first time the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) extended its authority to sanction a foreign 'person' to software, but the decentralised nature of the software and global usage highlight the challenge of establishing jurisdiction over decentralised software and its global user base. The government claims jurisdiction over citizens, residents, and any assets that pass through the country's territory. As a global financial center with most large tech companies, this often facilitates the establishment of jurisdiction over global conduct that passes through US servers. However, decentralised programs on blockchains with nodes located around the world challenge this traditional approach as either nearly all countries can claim jurisdiction over users, subjecting users to criminal laws in countries with which they have no true interaction, or they limit jurisdiction, thereby risking abuse by bad actors. This article takes a comparative approach to examine the challenges to establishing criminal jurisdiction on cryptocurrency-related crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]