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Automatic building extraction from satellite images, an open research topic in remote sensing, continues to represent a challenge and has received substantial attention for decades. This paper presents an object-based and machine learning-based approach for automatic house detection from RGB high-resolution images. The images are first segmented by an algorithm combing a thresholding watershed transformation and hierarchical merging, and then shadows and vegetation are eliminated from the initial segmented regions to generate building candidates. Subsequently, the candidate regions are subjected to feature extraction to generate training data. In order to capture the characteristics of house regions well, we propose two kinds of new features, namely edge regularity indices (ERI) and shadow line indices (SLI). Finally, three classifiers, namely AdaBoost, random forests, and Support Vector Machine (SVM), are employed to identify houses from test images and quality assessments are conducted. The experiments show that our method is effective and applicable for house identification. The proposed ERI and SLI features can improve the precision and recall by 5.6% and 11.2%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Android operating system has gained popularity and evolved rapidly since the previous decade. Traditional approaches such as static and dynamic malware identification techniques require a lot of human intervention and resources to design the malware classification model. The real challenge lies with the fact that inspecting all files of the application structure leads to high processing time, more storage, and manual effort. To solve these problems, optimization algorithms and deep learning has been recently tested for mitigating malware attacks. This manuscript proposes Summing of neurAl aRchitecture and VisualizatiOn Technology for Android Malware identification (SARVOTAM). The system converts the malware non-intuitive features into fingerprint images to extract the quality information. A fine-tuned Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to automatically extract rich features from visualized malware thus eliminating the feature engineering and domain expert cost. The experiments were done using the DREBIN dataset. A total of fifteen different combinations of the Android malware image sections were used to identify and classify Android malware. The softmax layer of CNN was substituted with machine learning algorithms like K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) to analyze the grayscale malware images. It is observed that CNN-SVM model outperformed original CNN as well as CNN-KNN, and CNN-RF. The classification results showed that our method is able to achieve an accuracy of 92.59% using Android certificates and manifest malware images. This paper reveals the lightweight solution and much precise option for malware identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we develop a hyperspectral feature extraction method called sparse and smooth low-rank analysis (SSLRA). First, we propose a new low-rank model for hyperspectral images (HSIs) where we decompose the HSI into smooth and sparse components. Then, these components are simultaneously estimated using a nonconvex constrained penalized cost function (CPCF). The proposed CPCF exploits total variation penalty, ℓ 1 penalty, and an orthogonality constraint. The total variation penalty is used to promote piecewise smoothness, and, therefore, it extracts spatial (local neighborhood) information. The ℓ 1 penalty encourages sparse and spatial structures. Additionally, we show that this new type of decomposition improves the classification of the HSIs. In the experiments, SSLRA was applied on the Houston (urban) and the Trento (rural) datasets. The extracted features were used as an input into a classifier (either support vector machines (SVM) or random forest (RF)) to produce the final classification map. The results confirm improvement in classification accuracy compared to the state-of-the-art feature extraction approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]