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Forecasting has extreme importance in industry due to the numerous competitive advantages that it provides, allowing to foresee what might happen and adjust management decisions accordingly. Industries increasingly use sensors, which allow for large-scale data collection. Big datasets enable training, testing and application of complex predictive algorithms based on machine learning models. The present paper focuses on predicting values from sensors installed on a pulp paper press, using data collected over three years. The variables analyzed are electric current, pressure, temperature, torque, oil level and velocity. The results of XGBoost and artificial neural networks, with different feature vectors, are compared. They show that it is possible to predict sensor data in the long term and thus predict the asset's behaviour several days in advance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a summary of a special issue of the journal Sensors, titled "Emerging AI+X-Based Sensor and Networking Technologies including Selected Papers from ICGHIT 2022–2023." The special issue features selected papers from the 10th and 11th International Conferences on Green and Human Information Technology (ICGHITs), which were held in Korea and Thailand. The conferences focused on the theme of "Emerging Artificial Intelligent (AI)+X technology" and "Hyper Automation + Human AI" respectively. The selected papers cover various topics such as network security, routing protocols, signal detection, and clustering mechanisms, all incorporating AI-based methods. The issue also includes papers on topics like secure authentication, distance estimation in RFID systems, energy optimization in smart homes, blockchain technology, and radar signal detection. The authors emphasize the importance of both technology and humanity in advancing green and information technologies. [Extracted from the article]

In this study, we propose the use of artificial synaptic transistors with coplanar-gate structures fabricated on paper substrates comprising biocompatible and low-cost potato-starch electrolyte and indium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO) channels. The electrical double layer (EDL) gating effect of potato-starch electrolytes enabled the emulation of biological synaptic plasticity. Frequency dependence measurements of capacitance using a metal-insulator-metal capacitor configuration showed a 1.27 μF/cm2 at a frequency of 10 Hz. Therefore, strong capacitive coupling was confirmed within the potato-starch electrolyte/IGZO channel interface owing to EDL formation because of internal proton migration. An electrical characteristics evaluation of the potato-starch EDL transistors through transfer and output curve resulted in counterclockwise hysteresis caused by proton migration in the electrolyte; the hysteresis window linearly increased with maximum gate voltage. A synaptic functionality evaluation with single-spike excitatory post-synaptic current (EPSC), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), and multi-spike EPSC resulted in mimicking short-term synaptic plasticity and signal transmission in the biological neural network. Further, channel conductance modulation by repetitive presynaptic stimuli, comprising potentiation and depression pulses, enabled stable modulation of synaptic weights, thereby validating the long-term plasticity. Finally, recognition simulations on the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) handwritten digit database yielded a 92% recognition rate, thereby demonstrating the applicability of the proposed synaptic device to the neuromorphic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the wide application of deep neural network models has brought serious risks of intellectual property rights infringement. Embedding a watermark in a network model is an effective solution to protect intellectual property rights. Although researchers have proposed schemes to add watermarks to models, they cannot prevent attackers from adding and overwriting original information, and embedding rates cannot be quantified. Therefore, aiming at these problems, this paper designs a high embedding rate and tamper-proof watermarking scheme. We employ wet paper coding (WPC), in which important parameters are regarded as wet blocks and the remaining unimportant parameters are regarded as dry blocks in the model. To obtain the important parameters more easily, we propose an optimized probabilistic selection strategy (OPSS). OPSS defines the unimportant-level function and sets the importance threshold to select the important parameter positions and to ensure that the original function is not affected after the model parameters are changed. We regard important parameters as an unmodifiable part, and only modify the part that includes the unimportant parameters. We selected the MNIST, CIFAR-10, and ImageNet datasets to test the performance of the model after adding a watermark and to analyze the fidelity, robustness, embedding rate, and comparison schemes of the model. Our experiment shows that the proposed scheme has high fidelity and strong robustness along with a high embedding rate and the ability to prevent malicious tampering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a special issue of the journal Applied Sciences that focuses on the International Conference Wood Science and Engineering (ICWSE) held in November 2023. The conference covered various topics related to wood, including wood structure and properties, wood constructions, wood drying and heat treatments, conservation and restoration of wooden objects, wood-based materials, mechanical wood processing, and surface quality. The articles in the special issue explore different aspects of these topics, such as the characteristics and potential uses of different wood species, innovative wood construction techniques, optimal drying conditions for specific wood species, and the production and properties of wood-based materials. The research presented aims to promote the production of high-value wood products and contribute to the preservation of cultural heritage. The text provides a summary of various research papers related to wood science and engineering, covering topics such as the utilization potential of different tree species, wood material properties, wood preservation and coating techniques, and furniture design. The research findings highlight the importance of factors such as printing parameters, surface quality, adhesion of varnish coatings, and light-induced color changes in wood. The authors hope that these studies contribute to a better understanding of the scientific potential of wood and will be a starting point for further research in the field. [Extracted from the article]

Simple Summary: Automatic segmentation of organs and other regions of interest is a promising approach for reducing the workload of doctors in radiotherapeutic planning, but it can be hard for doctors and researchers to keep up with current developments. This review evaluates 807 papers and reveals trends, commonalities, and gaps in the existing corpus. A set of recommendations for conducting effective segmentation studies is also provided. This review provides a formal overview of current automatic segmentation studies that use deep learning in radiotherapy. It covers 807 published papers and includes multiple cancer sites, image types (CT/MRI/PET), and segmentation methods. We collect key statistics about the papers to uncover commonalities, trends, and methods, and identify areas where more research might be needed. Moreover, we analyzed the corpus by posing explicit questions aimed at providing high-quality and actionable insights, including: "What should researchers think about when starting a segmentation study?", "How can research practices in medical image segmentation be improved?", "What is missing from the current corpus?", and more. This allowed us to provide practical guidelines on how to conduct a good segmentation study in today's competitive environment that will be useful for future research within the field, regardless of the specific radiotherapeutic subfield. To aid in our analysis, we used the large language model ChatGPT to condense information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Softness is one of the essential properties of hygiene tissue products. Reliably measuring it is of utmost importance to ensure the balance between customer expectations and cost-effective tissue production. This study presents a method for assessing softness by analyzing acoustic emissions produced while tearing a tissue specimen. The aim was to train neural network models using the corrected results of human panel tests as the ground truth labels and to predict the tissue softness in two- and three-class recognition tasks. We also investigate the possibility of predicting some production parameters related to the softness property. The results proved that tissue softness and production parameters could be reliably estimated only by the tearing noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a summary of a special issue on advanced machine learning and deep learning techniques for remote sensing. The issue includes 16 research papers that cover a range of topics, including hyperspectral image classification, moving point target detection, radar echo extrapolation, and remote sensing object detection. Each paper introduces a novel approach or model and provides extensive testing and evaluation to demonstrate its effectiveness. The insights shared in this special issue are expected to contribute to future advancements in artificial intelligence-based remote sensing research. [Extracted from the article]

This editorial note is dedicated to the 10th Scientific Conference which was held on June 2022 in Galati, Romania, and was organized by the Council of Doctoral Schools of the "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati (SCDS-UDJG). Three articles in this Special Issue present findings in the field of mechanical and industrial engineering. Four articles present studies related to artificial intelligence technologies, representing the majority of papers published in this Special Issue. [Extracted from the article]

The gallium-nitride (GaN) high electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) technology has emerged as an attractive candidate for high-frequency, high-power, and high-temperature applications due to the unique physical characteristics of the GaN material. Over the years, much effort has been spent on measurement-based modeling since accurate models are essential for allowing the use of this advanced transistor technology at its best. The present analysis is focused on the modeling of the scattering (S-) parameter measurements for a 0.25 μm GaN HEMT on silicon carbide (SiC) substrate at extreme operating conditions: a large gate width (i.e., the transistor is based on an interdigitated layout consisting of ten fingers, each with a length of 150 μm, resulting in a total gate periphery of 1.5 mm), a high ambient temperature (i.e., from 35 °C up to 200 °C with a step of 55 °C), a high dissipated power (i.e., 5.1 W at 35 °C), and a high frequency in the millimeter-wave range (i.e., from 200 MHz up to 65 GHz with a step of 200 MHz). Three different modeling approaches are investigated: the equivalent-circuit model, artificial neural networks (ANNs), and gated recurrent units (GRUs). As is shown, each modeling approach has its pros and cons that need to be considered, depending on the target performance and their specifications. This implies that an appropriate selection of the transistor modeling approach should be based on discerning and prioritizing the key features that are indeed the most important for a given application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document discusses the degradation and failure mechanisms of dielectric insulation in medium- and high-voltage power equipment. It highlights the importance of controlling insulation material degradation to prevent equipment failures and reduce the risk of environmental pollution. The document includes several research papers that address various topics related to the measurement, monitoring, and improvement of power equipment components. These papers cover issues such as winding breakdown faults in transformers, overvoltages caused by vacuum circuit breaker interruptions, insulation resistance degradation in cables, temperature rise in composite insulators, partial discharges and their effects on insulation, and acoustic inspection for detecting partial discharges. The document also presents studies on the technical condition of on-load tap changers, the behavior of silicone elastomers under electrical and mechanical stress, and the percolation phenomenon in square matrices. [Extracted from the article]

Establishing an accurate and robust feature fusion mechanism is key to enhancing the tracking performance of single-object trackers based on a Siamese network. However, the output features of the depth-wise cross-correlation feature fusion module in fully convolutional trackers based on Siamese networks cannot establish global dependencies on the feature maps of a search area. This paper proposes a dynamic cascade feature fusion (DCFF) module by introducing a local feature guidance (LFG) module and dynamic attention modules (DAMs) after the depth-wise cross-correlation module to enhance the global dependency modeling capability during the feature fusion process. In this paper, a set of verification experiments is designed to investigate whether establishing global dependencies for the features output by the depth-wise cross-correlation operation can significantly improve the performance of fully convolutional trackers based on a Siamese network, providing experimental support for rational design of the structure of a dynamic cascade feature fusion module. Secondly, we integrate the dynamic cascade feature fusion module into the tracking framework based on a Siamese network, propose SiamDCFF, and evaluate it using public datasets. Compared with the baseline model, SiamDCFF demonstrated significant improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the global energy crisis and environmental pollution intensifying, tissue papermaking enterprises urgently need to save energy. The energy consumption model is essential for the energy saving of tissue paper machines. The energy consumption of tissue paper machine is very complicated, and the workload and difficulty of using the mechanism model to establish the energy consumption model of tissue paper machine are very large. Therefore, this article aims to build an empirical energy consumption model for tissue paper machines. The energy consumption of this model includes electricity consumption and steam consumption. Since the process parameters have a great influence on the energy consumption of the tissue paper machines, this study uses three methods: linear regression, artificial neural network and extreme gradient boosting tree to establish the relationship between process parameters and power consumption, and process parameters and steam consumption. Then, the best power consumption model and the best steam consumption model are selected from the models established by linear regression, artificial neural network and the extreme gradient boosting tree. Further, they are combined into the energy consumption model of the tissue paper machine. Finally, the models established by the three methods are evaluated. The experimental results show that using the empirical model for tissue paper machine energy consumption modeling is feasible. The result also indicates that the power consumption model and steam consumption model established by the extreme gradient boosting tree are better than the models established by linear regression and artificial neural network. The experimental results show that the power consumption model and steam consumption model established by the extreme gradient boosting tree are better than the models established by linear regression and artificial neural network. The mean absolute percentage error of the electricity consumption model and the steam consumption model built by the extreme gradient boosting tree is approximately 2.72 and 1.87, respectively. The root mean square errors of these two models are about 4.74 and 0.03, respectively. The result also indicates that using the empirical model for tissue paper machine energy consumption modeling is feasible, and the extreme gradient boosting tree is an efficient method for modeling energy consumption of tissue paper machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special issue of the journal "Applied Sciences" focuses on the use of deep neural networks in medical imaging. The introduction highlights the significance of medical imaging in disease management and the development of advanced image analysis algorithms. The issue includes papers on various topics, such as privacy-preserving learning, image generation, and applications in cardiovascular diseases and other areas. The papers cover a wide range of techniques and applications, including protecting sensitive data, image reconstruction, classification of heart disease risk, and predicting cardiovascular measurements from images. Additionally, the document features papers on optimizing radiological workload, improving breast cancer detection, and classifying gastrointestinal disorders. The authors of this document, Diana Ioana Stoian, Horia Andrei Leonte, Anamaria Vizitiu, Constantin Suciu, and Lucian Mihai Itu, declare that they have no conflicts of interest, which is important for library patrons conducting research to ensure the authors' impartiality. [Extracted from the article]

These papers collectively showcase the adaptability and effectiveness of data mining techniques, making substantial contributions to the broader realm of " I Methods and Applications of Data Mining in Business Domains i ". In a business context, the challenge is that one would like to see (i) how the algorithms can be repeatable in the real world, (ii) how the patterns mined can be utilized by the business, and (iii) how the resulting model can be understood and utilized in the business environment [[1]]. Additionally, they provide insights into factors influencing the adoption of business intelligence systems (BISs) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) [[26]], and conduct a systematic literature review on AI-based methods for automating business processes and decision support [[27]]. This Special Issue invited researchers to contribute original research in the field of data mining, particularly in its application to diverse domains, like healthcare, software development, logistics, and human resources. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a summary of a special issue in the journal Applied Sciences titled "Artificial Intelligence Technology in Medical Image Analysis." The special issue explores the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical imaging and its impact on diagnostic and therapeutic processes. The use of AI-powered tools in image interpretation has shown exceptional capabilities in detecting and diagnosing medical conditions from imaging data, particularly in radiology. AI also contributes to improving image quality, automating routine tasks, and streamlining healthcare workflows. However, challenges such as data privacy, ethics, and regulatory frameworks need to be addressed for responsible implementation. The special issue includes several research papers that present advancements in automated medical decision support, age estimation, quality assurance, orthotic insole recommendation, tumor identification, thalamus segmentation, medical image classification, hyperparameter optimization, lung disease classification, and thoracic cavity segmentation. These papers demonstrate the potential of AI in improving accuracy, efficiency, and personalized treatment in medical image analysis. The integration of AI into healthcare requires collaboration between AI researchers, healthcare professionals, and regulatory bodies to ensure responsible and effective deployment. The future of AI in medical image analysis holds promise for improved diagnostic accuracy, early disease detection, and personalized treatment strategies. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a special issue of the journal "Materials" that focuses on the recent progress in the structure transition, processing, characterization, and applications of metallic materials. The issue includes research papers on various topics such as the development of dispersion-strengthened copper alloys, the characterization of carbide precipitation in steel, the effect of magnetic fields on aluminum bronze, and the enhancement of impact toughness in cast iron through heat treatment. The issue aims to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information for researchers, engineers, and industry experts in the field of metallic materials. [Extracted from the article]

This document is an editorial for a special issue of the journal "Technologies" focused on data science and big data in various fields such as biology, physical science, and engineering. The editorial highlights the importance of analyzing large amounts of data generated by digital technologies and the need for data scientists to use artificial intelligence and machine learning to extract valuable knowledge. The special issue includes 12 papers covering topics such as machine learning techniques for customer churn prediction, agile program management in the U.S. Navy, deep learning for cybersecurity in Industry 5.0, self-directed learning during the COVID-19 era, decision tree-based neural networks for data classification, data-driven governance in technology companies, and more. The papers explore different approaches, models, and tools in the context of data science and big data. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a special issue of the journal Biomimetics, focusing on the design and control of bio-inspired robots. It explores various aspects of bionics in robotics, including robot design, perception, control, and decision-making, as well as incorporating neuroscience and brain science. The issue covers a wide range of topics, such as stiffness adjustment for continuum robots, biomimetic motor control, stroke rehabilitation, reinforcement learning for quadruped robots, improved spiking neural networks, energy-efficient image segmentation, kinematics analysis, synthetic nervous systems for robotic control, online running-gait generation, and bio-inspired perception and navigation for service robots. The document also discusses specific papers within the special issue that address challenges in robotic perception and navigation, legged robot control, and motion control of continuum robots and robotic arms. It concludes by announcing plans for a second special issue on related topics. [Extracted from the article]

Contributions in the Field of Image Techniques Five papers in this Special Issue deal with image processing, including face images, microscopic images, and infrared images. Nowadays, with numerous sensors placed everywhere around us, we can obtain signals collected from a variety of environment-based sensors, including the ones placed on the ground, cased in the air or water, etc. M. Geremek and K. Szklanny in [[9]] investigated deep learning based detection of genetic diseases from face images, for 15 genetic disorders associated with facial dysmorphism. Image and video data analyzed in the presented papers include microscope images and infrared images, as well as face images. [Extracted from the article]

Aiming at the imbalance of industrial control system data and the poor detection effect of industrial control intrusion detection systems on network attack traffic problems, we propose an ETM-TBD model based on hybrid machine learning and neural network models. Aiming at the problem of high dimensionality and imbalance in the amount of sample data in the massive data of industrial control systems, this paper proposes an IG-based feature selection method and an oversampling method for SMOTE. In the ETM-TBD model, we propose a hyperparameter optimization method based on Bayesian optimization used to optimize the parameters of the four basic machine learners in the model. By introducing a multi-head-attention mechanism, the Transformer module increases the attention between local features and global features, enabling the discovery of the internal relationship between features. Additionally, the BiGRU is used to preserve the temporal features of the dataset, while the DNN is used to extract deeper features. Finally, the SoftMax classifier is used to classify the output. By analyzing the results of the comparison and ablation experiments, it can be concluded that the F1-score of the ETM-TBD model on a robotic arm dataset is 0.9665 and the model has very low FNR and FPR scores of 0.0263 and 0.0081, respectively. It can be seen that the model in this paper is better than the traditional single machine learning algorithm as well as the algorithm lacking any of the modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Accurate identification of individual Amur tigers is vital for their conservation, as it helps us understand their population and distribution. Existing identification methods often fall short in accuracy, and our study focuses on creating a more accurate method for identifying individual Amur tigers using advanced deep learning techniques. We improved an existing neural network model called InceptionResNetV2 by adding features like dropout layers and dual-attention mechanisms to better capture the unique stripe patterns of each tiger and reduce errors during training. We tested our model on a large dataset of tiger images and found it to be highly effective, achieving an average recognition accuracy of over 95% for different body parts, with left stripes reaching the highest 99.37%. This method significantly outperforms previous models and provides a reliable tool for wildlife researchers and conservationists to monitor and protect Amur tigers. By improving the ability to track individual tigers, our research offers practical benefits for preserving this endangered species and enhancing wildlife management practices globally. Accurate and intelligent identification of rare and endangered individuals of flagship wildlife species, such as Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica), is crucial for understanding population structure and distribution, thereby facilitating targeted conservation measures. However, many mathematical modeling methods, including deep learning models, often yield unsatisfactory results. This paper proposes an individual recognition method for Amur tigers based on an improved InceptionResNetV2 model. Initially, the YOLOv5 model is employed to automatically detect and segment facial, left stripe, and right stripe areas from images of 107 individual Amur tigers, achieving a high average classification accuracy of 97.3%. By introducing a dropout layer and a dual-attention mechanism, we enhance the InceptionResNetV2 model to better capture the stripe features of individual tigers at various granularities and reduce overfitting during training. Experimental results demonstrate that our model outperforms other classic models, offering optimal recognition accuracy and ideal loss changes. The average recognition accuracy for different body part features is 95.36%, with left stripes achieving a peak accuracy of 99.37%. These results highlight the model's excellent recognition capabilities. Our research provides a valuable and practical approach to the individual identification of rare and endangered animals, offering significant potential for improving conservation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flow processes onboard ships are common in order to transport fluids like oil, gas, and water. These processes are controlled by PID controllers, acting on the regulation valves as actuators. In case of a malfunction or refitting, a PID controller needs to be re-adjusted for the optimal control of the process. To avoid experimenting on operational real systems, models are convenient alternatives. When real-time information is needed, digital twin (DT) concepts become highly valuable. The aim of this paper is to analyze and determine the optimal NARX model architecture in order to achieve a higher-accuracy model of a ship's flow process. An artificial neural network (ANN) was used to model the process in MATLAB. The experiments were performed using a multi-start approach to prevent overtraining. To prove the thesis, statistical analysis of the experimental results was performed. Models were evaluated for generalization using mean squared error (MSE), best fit, and goodness of fit (GoF) measures on two independent datasets. The results indicate the correlation between the number of input delays and the performance of the model. A permuted k-fold cross-validation analysis was used to determine the optimal number of voltage and flow delays, thus defining the number of model inputs. Permutations of training, test, and validation datasets were applied to examine bias due to the data arrangement during training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a scheme for predicting ground reaction force (GRF) and center of pressure (CoP) using low-cost FSR sensors. GRF and CoP data are commonly collected from smart insoles to analyze the wearer's gait and diagnose balance issues. This approach can be utilized to improve a user's rehabilitation process and enable customized treatment plans for patients with specific diseases, making it a useful technology in many fields. However, the conventional measuring equipment for directly monitoring GRF and CoP values, such as F-Scan, is expensive, posing a challenge to commercialization in the industry. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a technology to predict relevant indicators using only low-cost Force Sensing Resistor (FSR) sensors instead of expensive equipment. In this study, data were collected from subjects simultaneously wearing a low-cost FSR Sensor and an F-Scan device, and the relationship between the collected data sets was analyzed using supervised learning techniques. Using the proposed technique, an artificial neural network was constructed that can derive a predicted value close to the actual F-Scan values using only the data from the FSR Sensor. In this process, GRF and CoP were calculated using six virtual forces instead of the pressure value of the entire sole. It was verified through various simulations that it is possible to achieve an improved prediction accuracy of more than 30% when using the proposed technique compared to conventional prediction techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Side-scan sonar plays a crucial role in underwater exploration, and the autonomous detection of side-scan sonar images is vital for detecting unknown underwater environments. However, due to the complexity of the underwater environment, the presence of a few highlighted areas on the targets, blurred feature details, and difficulty in collecting data from side-scan sonar, achieving high-precision autonomous target recognition in side-scan sonar images is challenging. This article addresses this problem by improving the You Only Look Once v7 (YOLOv7) model to achieve high-precision object detection in side-scan sonar images. Firstly, given that side-scan sonar images contain large areas of irrelevant information, this paper introduces the Swin-Transformer for dynamic attention and global modeling, which enhances the model's focus on the target regions. Secondly, the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) is utilized to further improve feature representation and enhance the neural network model's accuracy. Lastly, to address the uncertainty of geometric features in side-scan sonar target features, this paper innovatively incorporates a feature scaling factor into the YOLOv7 model. The experiment initially verified the necessity of attention mechanisms in the public dataset. Subsequently, experiments on our side-scan sonar (SSS) image dataset show that the improved YOLOv7 model has 87.9% and 49.23% in its average accuracy ( m A P 0.5 ) and ( m A P 0.5:0.95), respectively. These results are 9.28% and 8.41% higher than the YOLOv7 model. The improved YOLOv7 algorithm proposed in this paper has great potential for object detection and the recognition of side-scan sonar images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a summary of a special issue of the journal Processes titled "Process Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis." The issue explores the application of data analytic techniques to enhance stable operation and safety in chemical processes and related industries. The collection of research papers covers various topics, including process fault detection, bearing fault diagnosis, remaining useful life prediction, and more. The papers introduce cutting-edge methodologies and demonstrate their reliability through validation. The issue aims to foster communication and the development of advanced process monitoring techniques. [Extracted from the article]

The issue contains five papers, all relevant to the core intersectional topic of AI and complex systems. This Special Issue, titled "Artificial Intelligence and Complex Systems", was created with the goal of collecting the latest research, both foundational and application-orientated, at the intersection of AI and complex systems, ranging across real-world domains as varied as education and fraud detection. The discussion in the paper also suggests that context is fundamentally necessary to understand complex systems using AI methodologies. [Extracted from the article]

Industrial archived process data represent a convenient source of information for data-driven models, such as artificial neural network (ANN), that can be used for safety and efficiency improvement like early or even predictive fault detection and diagnosis (FDD). Nonetheless, most of the data used for model generation are representative of the process nominal states and therefore are not enough for classification problems intended to determine abnormal process conditions. This work proposes the use of techniques to augment the original real data standards, dismissing the need for experiments that could jeopardize process safety. It uses the Monte Carlo technique to artificially increase the number of model inputs coupled to the nearest neighbor search (NNS) by geometric distances to consistently classify the generated patterns in normal or faulty statuses. Finally, a radial basis function neural network is trained with the augmented data. The methodology was validated by a study case in which 3381 pulp and paper industrial data points were expanded to monitor the formation of particles in a recovery boiler. Only 5.8% of the original process data were examples of faulty conditions, but the new expanded and balanced data collection leveraged the classification performance of the neural network, allowing its future use for monitoring purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing network that shares information over the Internet via interconnected devices. In addition, this network has led to new security challenges in recent years. One of the biggest challenges is the impact of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks on the IoT. The Information-Centric Network (ICN) infrastructure is a critical component of the IoT. The ICN has gained recognition as a promising networking solution for the IoT by supporting IoT devices to be able to communicate and exchange data with each other over the Internet. Moreover, the ICN provides easy access and straightforward security to IoT content. However, the integration of IoT devices into the ICN introduces new security challenges, particularly in the form of DoS attacks. These attacks aim to disrupt or disable the normal operation of the ICN, potentially leading to severe consequences for IoT applications. Machine learning (ML) is a powerful technology. This paper proposes a new approach for developing a robust and efficient solution for detecting DoS attacks in ICN-IoT networks using ML technology. ML is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on the development of algorithms. While several ML algorithms have been explored in the literature, including neural networks, decision trees (DTs), clustering algorithms, XGBoost, J48, multilayer perceptron (MLP) with backpropagation (BP), deep neural networks (DNNs), MLP-BP, RBF-PSO, RBF-JAYA, and RBF-TLBO, researchers compare these detection approaches using classification metrics such as accuracy. This classification metric indicates that SVM, RF, and KNN demonstrate superior performance compared to other alternatives. The proposed approach was carried out on the NDN architecture because, based on our findings, it is the most used one and has a high percentage of various types of cyberattacks. The proposed approach can be evaluated using an ndnSIM simulation and a synthetic dataset for detecting DoS attacks in ICN-IoT networks using ML algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowdays, DNNs (Deep Neural Networks) are widely used in the field of DDoS attack detection. However, designing a good DNN architecture relies on the designer's experience and requires considerable work. In this paper, a GA (genetic algorithm) is used to automatically generate the DNN architecture for DDoS detection to minimize human intervention in the design process. Furthermore, given the complexity of contemporary networks and the diversity of DDoS attacks, the objective of this paper is to generate a DNN model that boasts superior performance, real-time capability, and generalization ability to tackle intricate network scenarios. This paper presents a fitness function that guarantees the best model generated possesses a specific level of real-time capability. Additionally, the proposed method employs multiple datasets to joint models generated, thereby enhancing the model's generalization performance. This paper conducts several experiments to validate the viability of the proposed method. Firstly, the best model generated with one dataset is compared with existing DNN models on the CICDDoS2019 dataset. The experimental results indicate that the model generated with one dataset has higher precision and F1-score than the existing DNN models. Secondly, model generation experiments are conducted on the CICIDS2017 and CICIDS2018 datasets, and the best model generated still performs well. Finally, this paper conducts comparative experiments on multiple datasets using the best model generated with six datasets and the best model generated by existing methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the best model generated with six datasets has better generalization ability and real-time capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document discusses the importance of quality and security in critical infrastructure systems, particularly in relation to cyber-attacks and software errors. It highlights the significant financial losses and potential human casualties that can result from these threats. The document also introduces several research papers that address different aspects of software and computer system quality, security, and reliability. These papers propose various models and methods, such as intelligent classification algorithms for assessing anthropogenic disasters, leveraging artificial intelligence for detecting fraudulent banking transactions, enhancing the decision-making process for higher education institution admissions, and developing algorithms for autonomous mobile robots and obstacle detection. The document concludes with acknowledgments and a statement of no conflicts of interest. [Extracted from the article]

This Special Issue contains 2 reviews and 17 research papers related to the following topics: Time series forecasting [[1], [3], [5]]; Image analysis [[6]]; Medical applications [[7]]; Knowledge graph analysis [[9]]; Cybersecurity [[11], [13]]; Traffic analysis [[14]]; Agriculture [[16]]; Environmental data analysis [[17]]. In [[2]], a time series analysis was applied in a different manner: their prediction of the high stock dividend (HSD) was based on a sequence of typical machine learning approaches instead of state-of-the-art methods such as ARIMA or SMA. The authors of [[1]] focused on short time series forecasting in the domain of crime data (thefts, shoplifting, vehicular crimes, and burglaries in Mexico). In this paper, the authors attempt to answer the questions what is air traffic complexity and which air traffic data variables have greater impacts on increases in complexity?. [Extracted from the article]

The occurrence of maize diseases is frequent but challenging to manage. Traditional identification methods have low accuracy and complex model structures with numerous parameters, making them difficult to implement on mobile devices. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a corn leaf disease recognition model SNMPF based on convolutional neural network ShuffleNetV2. In the down-sampling module of the ShuffleNet model, the max pooling layer replaces the deep convolutional layer to perform down-sampling. This improvement helps to extract key features from images, reduce the overfitting of the model, and improve the model's generalization ability. In addition, to enhance the model's ability to express features in complex backgrounds, the Sim AM attention mechanism was introduced. This mechanism enables the model to adaptively adjust focus and pay more attention to local discriminative features. The results on a maize disease image dataset demonstrate that the SNMPF model achieves a recognition accuracy of 98.40%, representing a 4.1 percentage point improvement over the original model, while its size is only 1.56 MB. Compared with existing convolutional neural network models such as EfficientNet, MobileViT, EfficientNetV2, RegNet, and DenseNet, this model offers higher accuracy and a more compact size. As a result, it can automatically detect and classify maize leaf diseases under natural field conditions, boasting high-precision recognition capabilities. Its accurate identification results provide scientific guidance for preventing corn leaf disease and promote the development of precision agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a summary of a journal article titled "Artificial Intelligence in Modeling and Simulation." The article discusses the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into modeling and simulation (M&S) processes. It highlights the various applications of AI in fields such as engineering, physics, social sciences, and biology. The article also provides an overview of 11 selected papers from a special issue on AI and M&S, covering topics such as AI techniques for simulation and optimization, AI in agent-based modeling, AI for data processing and classification models, and artificial neural network (ANN) methods for improved M&S. The papers explore different methodologies and approaches to enhance the efficiency and validity of modeling and simulation using AI. The article concludes by emphasizing the progress and diverse uses of AI in M&S and expressing gratitude to the authors, reviewers, and editorial team involved in the special issue. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides a summary of a special issue on the application of machine learning in geotechnical engineering. The issue includes 19 articles that explore different applications of machine learning in this field, such as determining geotechnical parameters, predicting geotechnical disasters, and optimizing construction processes. The articles cover various topics in geotechnical engineering, including underground and foundation engineering, and discuss the use of machine learning algorithms to predict and estimate various parameters and behaviors. While machine learning shows potential in improving predictions, the papers also acknowledge the limitations of purely data-driven models and the need to incorporate mechanical models and improve data collection methods. Overall, these articles provide valuable insights and serve as a starting point for future research in the field. [Extracted from the article]

Aiming at the shortcomings of single-sensor sensing information characterization ability, which is easily interfered with by external environmental factors, a method of intelligent perception is proposed in this paper. This method integrates multi-source and multi-level information, including spindle temperature field, spindle thermal deformation, operating parameters, and motor current. Firstly, the internal and external thermal-error-related signals of the spindle system are collected by sensors, and the feature parameters are extracted; then, the radial basis function (RBF) neural network is utilized to realize the preliminary integration of the feature parameters because of the advantages of the RBF neural network, which offers strong multi-dimensional solid nonlinear mapping ability and generalization ability. Thermal-error decision values are then generated by a weighted fusion of different pieces of evidence by considering uncertain information from multiple sources. The spindle thermal-error sensing experiment was based on the spindle system of the VMC850 (Yunnan Machine Tool Group Co., LTD, Yunnan, China) vertical machining center of the Yunnan Machine Tool Factory. Experiments were designed for thermal-error sensing of the spindle under constant speed (2000 r/min and 4000 r/min), standard variable speed, and stepped variable speed conditions. The experiment's results show that the prediction accuracy of the intelligent-sensing model with multi-source information fusion can reach 98.1%, 99.3%, 98.6%, and 98.8% under the above working conditions, respectively. The intelligent-perception model proposed in this paper has higher accuracy and lower residual error than the traditional BP neural network perception and wavelet neural network models. The research in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the operation, maintenance management, and performance optimization of machine tool spindle systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses issues concerning biometric authentication based on handwritten signatures. Our research aimed to check whether a handwritten signature acquired with a mobile device can effectively verify a user's identity. We present a novel online signature verification method using coordinates of points and pressure values at each point collected with a mobile device. Convolutional neural networks are used for signature verification. In this paper, three neural network models are investigated, i.e., two self-made light SigNet and SigNetExt models and the VGG-16 model commonly used in image processing. The convolutional neural networks aim to determine whether the acquired signature sample matches the class declared by the signer. Thus, the scenario of closed set verification is performed. The effectiveness of our method was tested on signatures acquired with mobile phones. We used the subset of the multimodal database, MobiBits, that was captured using a custom-made application and consists of samples acquired from 53 people of diverse ages. The experimental results on accurate data demonstrate that developed architectures of deep neural networks can be successfully used for online handwritten signature verification. We achieved an equal error rate (EER) of 0.63% for random forgeries and 6.66% for skilled forgeries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AUVs are autonomous underwater robots equipped with advanced sensors and navigation systems. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of the marine environment, AUVs are susceptible to the effects of the marine environment and may experience communication delays or even accidents. Based on the aforementioned issues, this paper proposes a prediction method for lost AUVs based on an adaptive optimization depth BiLSTM (AWOA-DBiLSTM) neural network model. To enhance prediction accuracy, AWOA-DBiLSTM employs a double BiLSTM to extract AUV features from positional information and physical attitude. Additionally, AWOA-DBiLSTM utilizes a gating mechanism to filter and reset physical attitude feature information to obtain features associated with positional information. After undergoing filtering operations, the physical attitude information of the AUV is fused with the position information to achieve trajectory prediction. For the first time, the differentiation and stratified extraction of AUV data features are presented in this paper. The experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves significant improvements in prediction accuracy and generalization, and the present study is of great significance for application in the task of predicting the trajectories of lost AUVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an editorial for a special issue titled "Machine Learning in Computer Vision and Image Sensing: Theory and Applications." The editorial highlights the diverse applications of machine learning (ML) models in various domains such as medical imaging, signal processing, remote sensing, and human activity detection. The special issue includes 11 papers that cover topics such as image segmentation, fluvial navigation, Alzheimer's disease classification, pneumothorax detection, lung cancer malignancy prediction, amniotic fluid volume detection, COVID-19 detection, and Parkinson's disease detection. The papers showcase the progress and potential of ML models in computer vision applications and provide valuable insights for future research. [Extracted from the article]

With the continuous development and progress of wireless self-organizing network communication technology, how to carry out long-distance cooperative control of multiple intelligences under the framework of an air–ground integrated wireless high-mobility self-organizing network has become a hot and difficult topic that needs to be solved urgently. This paper takes the air–ground integrated wireless high-mobility self-organizing network system as the basic framework and focuses on solving the long-distance cooperative fault-tolerant control of multi-intelligent bodies and the topological stability of a wireless mobile self-organizing network. To solve the above problems, a direct neural network with a robust adaptive fault-tolerant controller is designed in this paper. By constructing a symmetric population neural network model and combining it with the Lyapunov stabilization criterion, the system feedback matrix K has the ability of autonomous adaptive learning, and symmetrically distorts, rotates, or scales the training data to instantly adjust the system's fault-tolerant corrections and adaptive adjusting factors to resist the unknown disturbances and faults, to achieve the goals of multi-intelligent body stable control and the stable operation of a wireless high-mobility self-organizing network topology. Simulation results show that with the feedback adjustment of the multi-system under the designed controller, the multi-system as a whole has good fault-tolerant performance and autonomous learning approximation performance, and the tracking error asymptotically converges to zero. The experimental results show that the multi-flight subsystems fly stably, the air–ground integrated wireless high-mobility self-organizing network topology has good stability performance, and the maximum relative improvement of the topology stability performance is 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of smart grids and new power systems, the combination of non-intrusive load identification technology and smart home technology can provide users with the operating conditions of home appliances and equipment, thus reducing home energy loss and improving users' ability to demand a response. This paper proposes a non-intrusive load decomposition model with a parallel multiscale attention mechanism (PMAM). The model can extract both local and global feature information and fuse it through a parallel multiscale network. This improves the attention mechanism's ability to capture feature information over long time periods. To validate the model's decomposition ability, we combined the PMAM model with four benchmark models: the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network model, the Time Pooling-based Load Disaggregation Model (TPNILM), the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), and the Load Disaggregation Model without Parallel Multi-scalar Attention Mechanisms (UNPMAM). The model was trained on the publicly available UK-DALE dataset and tested. The models' test results were quantitatively evaluated using a confusion matrix. This involved calculating the F1 score of the load decomposition. A higher F1 score indicates better model decomposition performance. The results indicate that the PMAM model proposed in this paper maintains an F1 score above 0.9 for the decomposition of three types of electrical equipment under the same household user, which is 3% higher than that of the other benchmark models on average. In the cross-household test, the PMAM also demonstrated a better decomposition ability, with the F1 score maintained above 0.85, and the mean absolute error (MAE) decreased by 5.3% on average compared with that of the UNPMAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensitivity analysis of influencing factors on frost resistance is carried out in this paper, and a two-stage neural network model based on grey theory and Back Propagation Neural Networks (BPNNs) is established for the sake of predicting the frost resistance of active-admixture recycled concrete quickly and accurately. Firstly, the influence degree of cement, water, sand, natural aggregate, recycled aggregate, mineral powder, fly ash, fiber and air-entraining agent on the frost resistance of active-admixture recycled-aggregate concrete was analyzed based on the grey system theory, and the primary and secondary relationships of various factors were effectively distinguished. Then, the input layer of the model was determined as cement, water, sand, recycled aggregate and air-entraining agent, and the output layer was the relative dynamic elastic modulus. A total of 120 datasets were collected from the experimental data of another author, and the relative dynamic elastic modulus was predicted using the two-stage BPNN prediction model proposed in this paper and compared with the BPNN prediction results. The results show that the proposed two-stage BPNN model, after removing less-sensitive parameters from the input layer, has better prediction accuracy and shorter run time than the BPNN model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) is proposed to approximate the option price sensitivities of Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) Top 40 European call options in a classical and a modern multi-curve framework. The ANNs were trained on artificially generated option price data given the illiquid nature of the South African market, and the out-of-sample performance of the optimized ANNs was evaluated using an implied volatility surface constructed from published volatility skews. The results from this paper show that ANNs trained on artificially generated input data are able to accurately approximate the explicit solutions to the respective option price sensitivities of both a classical and a modern multi-curve framework in a real-world out-of-sample application to the South African market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of semiconductor technology, the reduction in device operating voltage and threshold voltage has made integrated circuits more susceptible to the effects of particle radiation. Moreover, as process sizes decrease, the impact of charge sharing effects becomes increasingly severe, with soft errors caused by single event effects becoming one of the main causes of circuit failures. Therefore, the study of sensitivity evaluation methods for integrated circuits is of great significance for promoting the optimization of integrated circuit design, improving single event effect experimental methods, and enhancing the irradiation reliability of integrated circuits. In this paper, we first established a device model for the charge sharing effect and simulated it under reasonable conditions. Based on the simulation results, we then built a neural network model to predict the charge amounts in primary and secondary devices. We also propose a comprehensive automated method for calculating soft errors in unit circuits and validated it through TCAD simulations, achieving an error margin of 2.8–4.3%. This demonstrated the accuracy and effectiveness of the method we propose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For processing streaming events from a Dynamic Vision Sensor camera, two types of neural networks can be considered. One are spiking neural networks, where simple spike-based computation is suitable for low-power consumption, but the discontinuity in spikes can make the training complicated in terms of hardware. The other one are digital Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)-based neural networks that can be trained directly using the normal backpropagation algorithm. However, the hardware and energy overhead can be significantly large, because all streaming events must be accumulated and converted into histogram data, which requires a large amount of memory such as SRAM. In this paper, to combine the spike-based operation with the normal backpropagation algorithm, memristor–CMOS hybrid circuits are proposed for implementing event-driven neural networks in hardware. The proposed hybrid circuits are composed of input neurons, synaptic crossbars, hidden/output neurons, and a neural network's controller. Firstly, the input neurons perform preprocessing for the DVS camera's events. The events are converted to histogram data using very simple memristor-based latches in the input neurons. After preprocessing the events, the converted histogram data are delivered to an ANN implemented using synaptic memristor crossbars. The memristor crossbars can perform low-power Multiply–Accumulate (MAC) calculations according to the memristor's current–voltage relationship. The hidden and output neurons can convert the crossbar's column currents to the output voltages according to the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function. The neural network's controller adjusts the MAC calculation frequency according to the workload of the event computation. Moreover, the controller can disable the MAC calculation clock automatically to minimize unnecessary power consumption. The proposed hybrid circuits have been verified by circuit simulation for several event-based datasets such as POKER-DVS and MNIST-DVS. The circuit simulation results indicate that the neural network's performance proposed in this paper is degraded by as low as 0.5% while saving as much as 79% in power consumption for POKER-DVS. The recognition rate of the proposed scheme is lower by 0.75% compared to the conventional one, for the MNIST-DVS dataset. In spite of this little loss, the power consumption can be reduced by as much as 75% for the proposed scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an editorial that summarizes several research papers on the topic of human recognition and the interactions between different channels of recognition, such as voice and face processing. The papers explore various aspects of this topic, including voice processing in challenging listening conditions, the role of familiarity in voice and face recognition, and the functional reorganization of neural systems in blind individuals. The papers highlight the importance of familiarity factors in recognition, the role of brain asymmetries, and the early integration of voice and face processing. The findings suggest that voice and face recognition are closely linked and influenced by familiarity, and that the right temporal lobe may play a significant role in vocal processing abilities in blind individuals. [Extracted from the article]

The advent of autonomous vehicles has heralded a transformative era in transportation, reshaping the landscape of mobility through cutting-edge technologies. Central to this evolution is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), propelling vehicles into realms of unprecedented autonomy. Commencing with an overview of the current industry landscape with respect to Operational Design Domain (ODD), this paper delves into the fundamental role of AI in shaping the autonomous decision-making capabilities of vehicles. It elucidates the steps involved in the AI-powered development life cycle in vehicles, addressing various challenges such as safety, security, privacy, and ethical considerations in AI-driven software development for autonomous vehicles. The study presents statistical insights into the usage and types of AI algorithms over the years, showcasing the evolving research landscape within the automotive industry. Furthermore, the paper highlights the pivotal role of parameters in refining algorithms for both trucks and cars, facilitating vehicles to adapt, learn, and improve performance over time. It concludes by outlining different levels of autonomy, elucidating the nuanced usage of AI algorithms, and discussing the automation of key tasks and the software package size at each level. Overall, the paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the current industry landscape, focusing on several critical aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitization of distribution power systems has revolutionized the way data are collected and analyzed. In this paper, the critical task of harnessing this information to identify irregularities and anomalies in electricity consumption is tackled. The focus is on detecting non-technical losses (NTLs) and energy theft within distribution networks. A comprehensive overview of the methodologies employed to uncover NTLs and energy theft is presented, leveraging measurements of electricity consumption. The most common scenarios and prevalent cases of anomalies and theft among consumers are identified. Additionally, statistical indicators tailored to specific anomalies are proposed. In this research paper, the practical implementation of numerous artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, including the artificial neural network (ANN), ANFIS, autoencoder neural network, and K-mean clustering, is highlighted. These algorithms play a central role in our research, and our primary objective is to showcase their effectiveness in identifying NTLs. Real-world data sourced directly from distribution networks are utilized. Additionally, we carefully assess how well statistical methods work and compare them to AI techniques by testing them with real data. The artificial neural network (ANN) accurately identifies various consumer types, exhibiting a frequency error of 7.62%. In contrast, the K-means algorithm shows a slightly higher frequency error of 9.26%, while the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) fails to detect the initial anomaly type, resulting in a frequency error of 11.11%. Our research suggests that AI can make finding irregularities in electricity consumption even more effective. This approach, especially when using data from smart meters, can help us discover problems and safeguard distribution networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When new rail stations or lines are planned, long-term planning for decades to come is required. The short-term passenger flow prediction is no longer of practical significance, as it only takes a few factors that affect passenger flow into consideration. To overcome this problem, we propose several long-term factors affecting the passenger flow of rail transit in this paper. We also create a visual analysis of these factors using ArcGIS and construct a long-term passenger flow prediction model for rail transit based on a class neural network using an SPSS Modeler. After optimizing relevant parameters, the prediction accuracy reaches 94.6%. We compare the results with other models and find that the neural network model has a good performance in predicting long-term rail transit passenger flow. Finally, the factors affecting passenger flow are ranked in terms of importance. It is found that among these factors, bicycles available for connection have the biggest influence on the passenger flow of rail stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]