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Oral fissures are the result of incorrect embryonic development of the lip and / or palate. In the most common fissures, classified as lip clefts (FL), the left and right sides of the lip do not come together, leaving a vertical open line. In more rare cases, there may be two fissures on the palate, one on the right side and one on the left side. The causes involve genetic and environmental factors, suggesting the multifactorial origin of the malformation. Fissures are highly prevalent worldwide, changing an average of 1: 700 live births, covering all genders, varying according to geographic location and socioeconomic conditions. This work presents a bibliographic review on the causes and difficulties experienced by individuals with oral clefts from birth to the social development of the individual, in addition to describing their classification according to the affected region and the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to this malformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case report approaches a common lesion in stomatological practice, in an uncommon anatomical site: pyogenic granuloma in the lower lip. Female patient, melanoderma, 35 years-old, in the seventh month of pregnancy, user of orthodontic appliance and with complaining of not aesthetic appearance of lower lip, exhibited a sessile, pinkish-whitish colored and painless, large nodule. As therapeutic conduct, immediate surgical removal of the lesion was performed. Histopathological examination of the excisional biopsy confirmed the pyogenic granuloma. Clinical follow-up of 6 weeks showed good local tissue repair, absence of recurrence and favorable prognosis. This case contributes to the discussion of synergism between local and systemic factors in the etiopathogeny of oral pyogenic granuloma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lips are important aesthetic and functional anatomical structures. Lip reconstruction requires familiarity with local anatomy. Etiological factors for lip defects are well diversified, including tumor resection, traumatic avulsion, burns and congenital deformities. This article aims to report two cases of lip reconstruction after traumatic avulsion. Case one is a human bite victim who had lost 1/3 of her lower lip and case two is a motorcycle accident victim who had lost almost 2/3 of his lower lip, both treated by pedicle flap rotation from the upper lip with satisfactory results. Then, the lower lip is a susceptible region to mechanical traumas and pedicle flap rotation from the upper lip is a feasible aesthetic and functional reconstructive option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]