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A correlation between the susceptibility vessel sign (SVS) and red thrombi has been identified in MRI. We hypothesized that the Embotrap allow better retrieving of SVS+ thrombi. The AdaptatiVe Endovascular strategy to the CloT MRI in large intracranial vessel Occlusion (VECTOR) trial is a multicenter, prospective and randomized study designed to compare a first-line strategy combining Embotrap added to contact aspiration (CA) versus CA alone in patients with SVS+ occlusions., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Urinary catheterization and acute urinary retention increase the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI). Our study aimed to investigate the incidence of UTI following acute stroke at our stroke center (SC) and to assess urinary catheter-care practices among French SCs., Methods: Stroke patients hospitalized within 24h of stroke onset were prospectively enrolled between May and September 2013. Neurological deficit level was assessed on admission using the US National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Patients were followed-up until discharge. Indwelling urinary catheterization (IUC) was the only technique authorized during the study. An electronic survey was also conducted among French SCs to assess their practices regarding urinary catheterization in acute stroke patients., Results: A total of 212 patients were included, with 45 (21.2%) receiving indwelling urinary catheters. The overall estimated incidence of UTI was 14.2%, and 18% among patients receiving IUC. On univariate analysis, IUC was significantly associated with older age, longer hospital stays and higher NIHSS scores. Of the 30 SCs that responded to our survey, 19 (63.3%) declared using IUC when urinary catheterization was needed. The main argument given to justify its use was that it was departmental policy to adopt this technique. Also, 27 participants (90%) stated that conducting a study to assess the impact of urinary catheterization techniques on UTI rates in acute stroke patients would be relevant., Discussion: Our results are in accord with previously reported data and confirm the high burden of UTI among acute stroke subjects. However, no association was found between IUC and UTI on univariate analysis due to a lack of statistical power. Also, our survey showed high heterogeneity in catheter-use practices among French SCs, but offered no data to help determine the best urinary catheterization technique., Conclusion: Urinary catheterization is common after acute stroke and a well-known risk factor of UTI. However, as high heterogeneity in catheter-use practices is found among French SCs, randomized studies comparing the efficacy of urinary catheterization techniques in terms of UTI prevention in acute stroke patients are now warranted., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a serious neurological condition encountered in various medical fields. Pathophysiological factor(s) common to PRES cases of apparently unrelated etiologies are yet to be found. Based on the hypothesis that hypomagnesemia might participate in the cascade leading to PRES, our study sought to verify whether hypomagnesemia is frequently associated with PRES regardless of etiology. From a retrospective study of a cohort of 57 patients presenting with PRES of different etiologies, presented here are the findings of 19 patients with available serum magnesium levels (SMLs) during PRES. In the acute phase of PRES, hypomagnesemia was present in all 19 patients in spite of differences in etiology (including immunosuppressive drugs, hypertensive encephalopathy, eclampsia, systemic lupus erythematosus, iatrogenic etiology and unknown). SMLs were within normal ranges prior to PRES and below normal ranges during the first 48h of PRES, with a significant decrease in SMLs during the acute phase. In this retrospective study, constant hypomagnesemia was observed during the acute phase of PRES regardless of its etiology. These results now require larger studies to assess the particular importance of acute hypomagnesemia in PRES and especially the possible need to treat PRES with magnesium sulfate., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder typically characterised by cerebellar dysfunction, parkinsonism, pyramidal signs and dysautonomy. Cognitive impairement is usually limited to a moderate subcortical dysexecutive syndrom. We report the case of a 62-year-old woman suffering from MSA who progressively developed severe dementia. Neuropathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of definite MSA and also showed histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. This association is extremely rare in the literature. Our observation confirmes that franc dementia in MSA should prompt a search for another associated cause and underlines the usefulness of neuropathological verifications in atypical clinical pictures.

Introduction: In third cranial nerve palsy, the lack of mydriasis evokes a noncompressive mechanism. Case report. We report a case of a slightly painful, pure extrinsic third-nerve palsy, complete except for the partial ptosis secondary to the compression by an intracavernous carotid aneurysm. Percutaneous endovascular embolization was followed by complete regression of the palsy within 4 weeks. The pupil may have been spared by the mechanism of compression after the separation of the pupillomotor and extrinsic fibers or the ischemia of the third nerve by its arterial trunk lesion., Conclusion: This case report underlines that brain radiological explorations are necessary in some third-nerve pupil-sparing palsies.

Introduction: Infection of the central nervous system with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be associated with movement disorders., Case Report: A case of chorea during HIV encephalitis which responded well to antiretroviral therapy is reported. Choreic movements disappeared with a decrease of MRI lesions observed in basal ganglia., Conclusion: The efficacy of anti-retroviral therapy in choreic movements, a rare syndrome with HIV encephalitis, can be underlined.

Since the original report, acute paralysis and albuminocytologic dissociation have remained hallmarks of the Guillain-Barré syndrome but the initially described favorable outcome with complete motor recovery is not always observed. Guillain-Barré syndrome can be complicated by early respiratory distress, dysautonomia and late functional impairment. The conduction block induced by acute demyelination accounts for the spontaneous neurological improvement. On the other hand, early axonal damage or sustained demyelination can be responsible for residual deficit. The cause and mechanism of the disease still remain unclear. For these patients, general care is essential and should be provided in appropriate hospital units. Today, specific treatment consists of either plasma exchange or high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins; the choice depends on their respective contraindications.