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Background: This study was performed to determine the relationship between chest X-ray findings and the severity of bronchiolitis using the modified Tal score scale (MTS). Methods: This retrospective study was conducted among 999 children aged 2-24 months admitted to a referral teaching hospital in Isfahan, Iran. The severity of bronchiolitis was determined by MTS criteria, with scores ranging from 0 to 12. We considered scores 0-5 mild, 6-9 moderate, and 10-12 severe bronchiolitis. The patient's CXRs were also extracted from the hospital's picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and reported by an expert Pediatric radiologist. The radiologic findings were compared with the MTS criteria. Results: The mean (SD) of the MTS score in the patients was 4.58 ± 1.92. Overall, 757 patients (75.78%) had normal radiographies. The frequency of normal radiography was 75.3% in the group of mild bronchiolitis and 77.3% in the group of moderate bronchiolitis. Reports of 9 patients with severe disease showed that 6 of them had normal CXRs (66.7%), 2 had hyperinflation, and 1 had atelectasis. There was no statistically significant relationship between radiographic results and the severity of bronchiolitis, according to MTS criteria (P = 0.23). The agreement between radiographic results and the severity of bronchiolitis was very weak (0.004) without statistical significance (P = 0.632). Conclusion: Considering that 99.3% of children with bronchiolitis do not have significant findings in chest X-rays, routine chest X-ray is not recommended in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Among the most common causes of death in preterm infants are neonatal infections, which remain high despite antibiotic therapy and preservative measures. The control of hospital infections is now a global priority, and many factors contribute to the spread of these infections. This study aimed to determine the frequency of bacterial infections in neonates and identify the common causes of infection in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Alzahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the population consisted of all neonates who were admitted to the NICU of Al- Zahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, from April 2017 to March 2018. Neonates who had a positive culture (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, eye discharge, and tracheal tube secretions) were enrolled. The data were collected by a structured questionnaire, including maternal and neonatal information. Results: In this study, 56 newborns admitted to the NICU of Alzahra Hospital in Isfahan were studied. Their age range was within 5-28 days (18.88+8.41). Thirty-two (57.1%) neonates were male, and 24 (42.9%) newborns were female. In total, 26 (46.4%) neonates had prematurity that was the most common reason for hospitalization. The most isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus, Klebsiella, Enterobacteriaceae, Candida spp., Acinetobacter, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E. coli, and Streptococcus viridans, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the frequency of nosocomial infections in the NICU of Alzahra Hospital in Isfahan was 7.4%. The indings of this study highlighted the importance of paying more attention to controlling and preventing hospital infections in NICUs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]