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OBJECTIVE: Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes motor deficits, urinary incontinence, and neuropathic pain. This study was designed to optimize a photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) protocol using a continuous wave (CW) 660 nm laser in rats with SCI. Specifically, the number of days of irradiation and the daily dose of PBMT were investigated. METHODS: The study was performed in two steps. In the first step, a comparison between the effects of PBMT (45 sec) daily for 2 and 4 weeks on pain and movement [Basso, Beattie, and Brenham (BBB) score] was made. In the second step, a comparison between different durations of irradiation (27, 45, 90, and 117 sec) was performed. PBMT used a 100 mW laser delivered to 9 points on and around the lesion site. Oxidative stress, fibroblast invasion, and time to achieve spontaneous urination were also assessed. RESULTS: The improvement in movement and pain stopped with discontinuation of radiation at week 2 and fibroblast invasion resumed. No improvement was seen in movement and pain in the group receiving PBMT for 27 sec compared with the groups receiving higher doses of laser radiation. Animals receiving 117 sec of photobiomodulation showed a higher BBB score even in the first 3 days. CONCLUSIONS: The number of days is an important factor for improving mobility; however, the daily dose of radiation is more important for pain relief.

© 2022, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2022.Objective: To evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) at distinct energy levels on peri-implant bone healing in extra-short implants in a experimental rabbit model. Background: The effect of PBMT on peri-implant bone healing in short implants remains unclear. This explored the effect of PBMT on extra-short implants in terms of bone-implant contact (BIC) length and rate, and implant stability quotient (ISQ). Methods: Fifteen white New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into five groups. In all groups, extra-short implants (3.5 × 4 mm; Nucleoss T6, Izmir/Turkey) were placed in both tibias of the rabbits. PBMT was performed in four groups (group 1, 5 J/cm2; group 2, 10 J/cm2; group 3, 20 J/cm2; and group 4, 25 J/cm2); no PBMT was performed in the control group. On the 30th day, the rabbits were sacrificed and peri-implant tissue samples were obtained to determine the BIC length and BIC rate. Implant stability levels were measured by resonance frequency analysis using the Osstell penguin device and were determined as ISQ values on the 1st and 30th days of the study. Results: PBMT significantly increased the BIC length and BIC rate in groups 3 and 4 (p < 0.001). For the ISQ values, there were significant differences between the 1st and 30th day (p < 0.001). On the 30th day, the ISQ values were significantly higher in groups 3 and 4 compared with the remaining groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this study, PBMT improved peri-implant bone healing through increase in BIC length, BIC rate, and ISQ parameter values in extra-short implants.

The outcomes of clinical studies utilizing Photobiomodulation on tendon disorders are not homogeneous and since its design depends on preclinical studies utilizing animal models as a prerequisite, this review investigates the literature to help extrapolate preclinical evidence-based outcomes (safety and efficacy) into clinical treatment options. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for tendinopathy, Photobiomodulation and preclinical studies with inclusion criteria were restricted to

Background: Upper limb lymphedema may be revealed after breast cancer and its treatment. Among different treatment approaches, intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) therapy and low-level laser t...

Photobiomodulation (PBM) can be described as the

Objective: To assess whether remote application of photobiomodulation (PBM) is effective in reducing clinical signs of Parkinson's disease (PD). Background: PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease for which there is no cure and few treatment options. There is a strong link between the microbiome-gut-brain axis and PD. PBM in animal models can reduce the signs of PD and protect the neurons from damage when applied directly to the head or to remote parts of the body. In a clinical study, PBM has been shown to improve clinical signs of PD for up to 1 year. Methods: Seven participants were treated with PBM to the abdomen and neck three times per week for 12 weeks. Participants were assessed for mobility, balance, cognition, fine motor skill, and sense of smell on enrolment, after 12 weeks of treatment in a clinic and after 33 weeks of home treatment. Results: A number of clinical signs of PD were shown to be improved by remote PBM treatment, including mobility, cognition, dynamic balance, spiral test, and sense of smell. Improvements were individual to the participant. Some improvements were lost for certain participants during at-home treatment, which coincided with a number of enforced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown periods. Conclusions: Remote application of PBM was shown to be an effective treatment for a number of clinical signs of PD, with some being maintained for 45 weeks, despite lockdown restrictions. Improvements in clinical signs were similar to those seen with the application of remote plus transcranial PBM treatment in a previous study. Clinical Trial Registration number: U1111-1205-2035.

Objective: The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to explore the optimal energy density (ED) for relief of orthodontic-related pain by photobiomodulation therapy. Background: Orthodontic t...

Background: Intravenous blood irradiation with light is purported to reduce blood sugar levels in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Transcutaneous light emitting devices are marketed for use in m...

Objective: To study the effects of 670 and 830 nm irradiation on oxygen consumption by cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) in a Clark electrode type reaction chamber. To explore the effect of irradiation on...

Background and objective: To determine the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the burn wound healing compared with the control or with the use of antibiotics, in animal models. M...

Objective: The effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and carbon arc lamp therapy (CALT) on the repair of chronic soft tissue injury were compared. Background data: PBMT improves soft tissue ...

Objective: To evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on oxidative stress and histological aspects of knee osteoarthritis (OA) induced by sodium monoiodoacetate in Wistar rats. Bac...

Objective: This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in clinical practice. Methods: Data from bilingual jo...

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) or photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating oral lichen planus (OLP) as well as identifiy the side effects when compared wit...

Background: The diagnosis of sleep bruxism (SB) in children is difficult due to the lack of a polysomnographic protocol for this population. Moreover, the gold standard treatment [occlusal splint (...

Significance: Biofilms in vivo are small densely packed aggregations of microbes that are highly resistant to host immune responses and treatment. They attach to each other and to nearby surfaces. Biofilms are difficult to study and identify in a clinical setting as their quantification necessitates the use of advanced microscopy techniques such as confocal laser scanning microscopy. Nonetheless, it is likely that biofilms contribute to the pathophysiology of chronic skin wounds. Reducing, removing, or preventing biofilms is thus a logical approach to help clinicians heal chronic wounds. Recent Advances: Wound care products have demonstrated varying degrees of efficacy in destroying biofilms in in vitro and preclinical models, as well as in some clinical studies. Critical Issues: Controlled studies exploring the beneficial role of biofilm eradication and its relationship to healing in patients with chronic wounds are limited. This review aims to discuss the mode of action and clinical significance of currently available antibiofilm products, including surfactants, dressings, and others, with a focus on levels of evidence for efficacy in disrupting biofilms and ability to improve wound healing outcomes. Future Directions: Few available products have good evidence to support antibiofilm activity and wound healing benefits. Novel therapeutic strategies are on the horizon. More high-quality clinical studies are needed. The development of noninvasive techniques to quantify biofilms will facilitate increased ease of research about biofilms in wounds and how to combat them.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the best energy dose of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) able to improve muscle performance and reduce fatigue during multiple-set knee extension e...

Objective: To investigate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on resistance training volume and discomfort of well-trained adults. Background: PBMT has been used to attenuate fatigue i...

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T20:04:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-06-26 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Background:Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and creatine (Cr) intake have been used in conjunction with heavy training, but little is known about their possible effects during a long-term training program. Objective:We assessed long-term use of PBMT and Cr in an exercise training program. Methods:Twenty-five male Wistar rats weighing similar to 300 g were randomly allocated to one of five groups: a nontraining control group, a training group, a training group receiving Cr, a training group receiving PBMT, and a training group receiving both PBMT and Cr. The training program consisted of 12 weeks of daily swimming training. PBMT was delivered in six points with a laser device (808 nm, 100 mW, 30 s per point of irradiation, 3 J, 75 J/cm(2)). Results:All training groups showed significantly higher peak force and longer time to 50% decay of force, and lower creatine kinase (CK) levels than the nontraining control group, thus confirming the benefit of the training program. In all outcomes related to muscle performance, the groups receiving PBMT with or without Cr supplement performed significantly better (p < 0.05) peak force and time of force decay during an electrical stimulation protocol than all the other groups. In addition, CK levels were also significantly lower for the PBMT groups than for the other groups. Conclusions:We conclude that PBMT alone or in conjunction with Cr supplement during a 12-week training program resulted in significantly better muscle performance and lower levels of CK, a biochemical marker of muscle damage. Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Postgrad Program Movement Sci, Lab Physiol & Sport Performance LAFIDE, Dept Phys Educ, Ave Eng Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, BR-17033360 Bauru, SP, Brazil Univ Brasil, Postgrad Program Biomed Engn, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil UNESP, Med Sch, Postgrad Program Pathophysiol, Med Clin, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Physiotherapy Res Grp, Bergen, Norway Univ Vale Paraiba UNIVAP, Lab Biophoton & Expt Therapeut, Inst Res & Dev, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil UNINOVE Appl Biophoton Hlth Sci, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Postgrad Program Movement Sci, Lab Physiol & Sport Performance LAFIDE, Dept Phys Educ, Ave Eng Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, BR-17033360 Bauru, SP, Brazil UNESP, Med Sch, Postgrad Program Pathophysiol, Med Clin, Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2017/21724-8 FAPESP: 2019/17445-1

Objective: To evaluate the influence of two different photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) protocols (red 660 nm vs. infrared 830 nm) combined with a blood flow restriction (BFR) training protocol in ...

Background: Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) by lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been used in the last two decades to increase muscle performance in humans. The main findings of PBMT on ...

Background: Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in the oral cavity is a rare complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and treatment has a varying length of time for wound h...

Objective: The present systematic review aims to establish an effective range of low-level laser therapy wavelengths to accelerate tooth movement in orthodontic treatments. Materials and methods: T...

Objective: This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new 675 nm laser source system on melasma. Background: Melasma is an acquired circumscribed hyperpigmented disorder that has a negative ...

Background: Paralysis of the facial muscles produces functional and aesthetic disturbance that has a negative impact for the patient's quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a photo...

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of application of different fluences and energies of laser in the 24-, 48-, and 72-h periods in fibroblasts originating from human...

Objective: Er:YAG laser-activated irrigation (LAI) is an effective method of root canal cleaning, but irrigant extrusion from the apical foramen has been a concern. We aimed to analyze the effects ...

Objective: Laser stimulation (LS) at both the injury site and specific acupoints may induce analgesic effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of LS at injury site or acupoi...

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and immunological results of nonsurgical periodontal treatment with or without the erbium, chromium:yttrium–scandium–gallium–garnet (Er,...

Objective: To assess if photobiomodulation (PBM) improves the efficiency of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance during the alignment stage. Methods: Eighty-nine subjects were included in this trial and randomly assigned for treatment with fixed appliance and PBM group or with fixed appliance only (control group). Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) age between 13 and 30 years, (2) permanent dentition, (3) class I malocclusion, (4) lower 6-6 mild crowding measured on dental cast, (5) no spaces or diastema in the lower arch, (6) no ectopic teeth, (7) nonextractive treatment plan, and (8) no previous orthodontic treatment. PBM was administered in the PBM group every 14 days using the ATP38® (Biotech Dental, Allée de Craponne, Salon de Provence, France) (72 J/cm2 of fluency for each session). Dental alignment was assessed by visual inspection, and treatment time was defined in days as T2 (date of assessment of complete dental alignment)-T1 (date of brackets bonding). The number of monthly scheduled appointments was also recorded. All the data underwent statistical analysis for comparison between groups. Results: Treatment time was significantly shorter (p < 0.001) in the PBM group (203 days) compared with the control (260 days). Consequently, control visits (p < 0.001) were lower in the PBM group (7) compared with the control group (9). Conclusions: The present findings would confirm that PBM can be used to enhance the efficiency of orthodontic treatment during dental decrowding.

Objective: To investigate the caries prevention effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) with a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser (λ = 10,600 nm) on dentin. Method: Human dentin slices (n = 10) were prepar...

Whether multiple laser irradiations affect skin sensitivity is still elusive. We aimed to investigate if repeated ablative erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser therapy could cause or increase skin sensitivity in the treatment areas. Nineteen healthy females received three sessions of a randomized, split-face, Er:YAG laser treatment in a scanning ablative mode (MicroLaserPeel™), with a 6-mm spot size, 8-μm ablative depths, and 30% of pulse overlap first. The next round was conducted in the fractional mode (ProFractional™) at depths ranging from 100 to 150 μm, with one pass by at coverage of 11% in the coagulation mode. Objective biophysical parameters, including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin glossiness, epidermal and dermal thickness and density, sensory nerve current perception threshold (CPT), and local blood flow, were measured before and after treatment. Quantitative evaluation of the Er:YAG laser treatment's effect on skin sensitivity is presented. Seventeen volunteers completed a follow-up of 12 months. On days 1 and 3, skin TEWL and epidermal thickness increased, while glossiness decreased. On day 7, there was no significant difference in the skin barrier function between the treated and the control side. Similarly, there was no significant difference in CPT values or local microvascular blood flow between sides at any time point before or after treatment, except that the local microvascular blood flow on the treated side was higher on the first day post-treatment. Er:YAG laser treatment does not influence skin sensitivity in healthy subjects in a long-term follow-up.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical treatment effect on oral venous lakes (OVL) treated with neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser or a combinat...

Background: Central sensitization driven by glial activation-mediated neuroinflammation is recognized as a key mechanism in pain processing. Laser moxibustion using low-intensity laser irradiation ...

Objective: To examine effects of four different transcranial, red/near-infrared (NIR), light-emitting diode (tLED) protocols on naming ability in persons with aphasia (PWA) due to left hemisphere (...

Objective: To evaluate the hypothesis that light could reduce the lethality of COVID-19. Methods: Most models for projections of the spread and lethality of COVID-19 take into account the ambient temperature, neglecting light. Recent advances in understanding the mechanism of action of COVID-19 have shown that it causes a systemic infection that significantly affects the hematopoietic system and hemostasis, factors extremely dependent of light, mainly in the region of visible and infrared radiation. Results: In the COVID-19 patients hemoglobin is decreasing and protoporphyrin is increasing, generating an extremely harmful accumulation of iron ions in the bloodstream, which are able to induce an intense inflammatory process in the body with a consequent increase in C-reactive protein and albumin. Observing the unsaturation characteristics of the cyclic porphyrin ring allows it to absorb and emit radiation mainly in the visible region. This characteristic can represent an important differential to change this process in the event of an imbalance in this system, through the photobiomodulation to increase the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using red and near-infrared radiation (R-NIR) and vitamin D using ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. These two compounds have the primary role of activating the defense mechanisms of the immune system, enabling greater resistance of the individual against the attack by the virus. According to the theory of electron excitation in photosensitive molecules, similar to hemoglobin heme, after the photon absorption there would be an increase in the stability of the iron ion bond with the center of the pyrrole ring, preventing the losses of heme function oxygen transport (HbO2). The light is also absorbed by cytochrome c oxidase in the R-NIR region, with a consequent increase in electron transport, regulating enzyme activity and resulting in a significant increase of oxygen rate consumption by mitochondria, increasing ATP production. Conclusions: The most favorable range of optical radiation to operate in this system is between R-NIR region, in which cytochrome c oxidase and porphyrin present absorption peaks centered at 640 nm and HbO2 with absorption peak centered at 900 nm. Based on the mechanisms described earlier, our hypothesis is that light could reduce the lethality of COVID-19.