1. Type I IFNs: A Blessing in Disguise or Partner in Crime in MERS-CoV-, SARS-CoV-, and SARS-CoV-2-Induced Pathology and Potential Use of Type I IFNs in Synergism with IFN- γ as a Novel Antiviral Approach Against COVID-19.
- Author
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Anjum FR, Anam S, Abbas G, Mahmood MS, Rahman SU, Goraya MU, Abdullah RM, Luqman M, Ali A, Akram MK, and Chaudhry TH
- Subjects
- Animals, COVID-19 immunology, COVID-19 pathology, Coronavirus classification, Coronavirus drug effects, Coronavirus Infections immunology, Humans, Interferon Type I immunology, Interferon-gamma immunology, Mice, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Virus Replication drug effects, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Coronavirus immunology, Coronavirus Infections drug therapy, Coronavirus Infections pathology, Interferon Type I therapeutic use, Interferon-gamma therapeutic use
- Abstract
Since the end of 2019, the emergence of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has accelerated the research on host immune responses toward the coronaviruses. When there is no approved drug or vaccine to use against these culprits, host immunity is the major strategy to fight such infections. Type I interferons are an integral part of the host innate immune system and define one of the first lines of innate immune defense against viral infections. The in vitro antiviral role of type I IFNs against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) is well established. Moreover, the involvement of type I IFNs in disease pathology has also been reported. In this study, we have reviewed the protective and the immunopathogenic role of type I IFNs in the pathogenesis of MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. This review will also enlighten the potential implications of type I IFNs for the treatment of COVID-19 when used in combination with IFN- γ .
- Published
- 2021
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