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The genus Pedicularis comprises with 11 species, 2 of them are endemic, in Turkey. The Pedicularis species are known as "sormuk, sorma, sormuk otu". Its usage is not well known in folk medicine, though the usage as food because of its nectar is recorded in East-Anatolia. According to the published studies on Pedicularis condensata Bieb. till today, it is seen that this plant takes a place in patent, taken during the hair dye studies. Additionally, various investigations on the isolation and activity of Pedicularis (Kesgerotu) species are reported in literature. According to these, the Pedicularis species contain iridoids and phenylethanoid compounds as major components. It has demonstrated that, the iridoids has antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflamatory, immunomodulator activities etc. and the phenylethanoid compounds show antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral as well as antiinflamatory, hepatoprotective activities etc. In view of the isolation studies, it is possible that Pedicularis condensata shows some of these activities. The anatomical and activity studies on this species were not done. In this paper, an anatomical study and the results of activity tests of the extracts, which were obtained using various methods and different solvents, were presented. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, possessed by various extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and methanol macerate), which were prepared from the aerial parts (collected in Trabzon) by maceration and Soxhlet extraction, were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to investigate the bioactivities of extracts from three Beilschmiedia species, which are Beilschmiedia glabra Kosterm, B. madang Blume, and B. pulverulenta Kosterm. The bioactivity studies were determined on their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antityrosinase, anti-inflammatory, and acetylcholinesterase activities. Evaluation of antioxidant activities were tested against DPPH and phenolic content (TPC) assays. The antimicrobial activity were investigated by microdilution method for determination of MIC, MBC and MFC. Antityrosinase and anti-inflammatory inhibition activity was analysed using mushroom tyrosinase and lipoxygenase enzyme, respectively, while acetylcholinesterase activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. The MeOH stem bark extract of B. madang shows the highest activity on DPPH (IC50 of 63.2 µg/mL) and TPC (163.4 mg GA/g) assay. All extracts showed from moderate to weak activity with MIC/MBC/MFC values in the ranged of 125-1000 µg/mL. The EtOAc extract of the leaves of B. glabra revealed the highest percentage inhibition on tyrosinase activity (I: 82.5%), while for anti-inflammatory activity showed by the MeOH leaves extract of B. pulverulenta (I: 66.6%). The MeOH extract of stem bark of B. madang demonstrated the highest activity on acetylcholinestrase activity with percentage inhibition of 62.8%. The results demonstrated that the Beilschmiedia species possess significant activities on various biological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticarsinogenic activities of methanol extract obtained from flowers, fruits and leaves of Sambucus ebulus L. Free radical scavenging activities and total phenolic contents of the species were assayed by DPPH method and Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts were tested by the micro-broth dilution method against seven microbial species. L929 (ATCC, CCL-1) mouce fibroblast cell line was used for the determiation of in vitro citotoxicity activity and HeLa (ATCC, CCl-2) human cervics adenocarcinoma cell line was used for the determination of anticarcinogenic and growth inhibition activity. Leaves of Sambucus ebulus L showed the strongest antioxidant activity and also leaves of plant has highest phenolic content, Sambucus ebulus L. exracts were found to have no significant activity against any strains of bacteria. Only Sambucus ebulus fruit extract has shown moderate effect against Candida albicans. In 10μg/mL concentration the highest anticarcinogenic activity were found in leaves extract, in addition that none of the extracts were not found cytotoxic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new class of isoxazole derivatives containing 1,2,4-triazole moiety were synthesized to meet structural requirements essential for antibacterial, antimycobacterial and anticancer activity. 1-(3,5-dipheny-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl) ethanone (compound 2) was treated with different aromatic aldehydes to get substituted chalcones (3a-g) then subsequently cyclized with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride to yield 1-[5-(substituted aryl)-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]- 3,5-diphenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazoles (4a-g). IR, 1H-NMR, Mass spectra and elemental analysis were recorded to confirm the structures of target compounds. Compound 3a-g and 4a-g were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity against B. subtillis NCIM 2063, E. coli NCIM 2065, C. albicans NCIM 3471 and A. niger NCIM 1196. MIC values were determined by liquid broth method. Chloro, nitro, methoxy substituted derivatives exhibited significant antibacterial and fungicidal potential. The in vitro antimycobacterial activity of the compounds 4a-g against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was evaluated. The highest inhibition was observed through compound 4f as 76% at >6.25 μg/ml. Among the synthesized isoxazole derivatives, five compounds have been selected and evaluated for their anticancer activity at the National Cancer Institute for testing against a panel of approximately 60 different human tumor cell lines derived from nine neoplastic cancer types. The most efficient anticancer compound 4e was found to be active with selective influence on leukemia cancer cell lines, especially on SR with a growth % of 71.72. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]