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Background: Vitamin D, a key nutrient in the body, has been linked to a decrease in prostate cancer (PCa) morbidity and mortality rates. The study concluded that any compensation mechanism may no longer be adequate for patients with PCa, and further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the relationship between serum Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) homeostasis. The findings will help determine cancer prevalence and trends in India and support public health initiatives to control cancer. Aims and Objectives: The aim is to assess the mean values of Vitamin D and PTH in patients with PCa and also to compare these levels with that of healthy controls (non-PCa). Materials and Methods: One hundred participants in the outpatient department of the Department of Biochemistry were assigned as control subjects, and another 100 participants were participants with PCa. 5 mL of fasting venous blood were drawn into red top vials using a disposable syringe and needle in an aseptic manner. PTH and serum Vitamin D were estimated. Results: When comparing PCa patients to healthy controls, the observed Vitamin D level was significantly lower in the former group. Furthermore, a notable distinction in Vitamin D levels was noted between the two groups. Furthermore, we found that PCa patients had higher PTH values than healthy controls. When we compared the PTH values of the two groups, we found a substantial difference. Conclusion: The authors conclude from the study that with alterations in the study parameters in patients with PCa, any compensation mechanism may become insufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is most common type of inflammatory arthritis. It is chronic autoimmune disease that affects joints as well as extra-articular structures. The prevalence of this condition could be due to both genetic and non-genetic factors (e.g., environmental, viral, and hormonal). Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine and correlate 25(OH) D level with disease severity in patients of RA. Materials and Methods: The prospective observational study consists of 70 patients of RA and 70 healthy controls. Assessed level of 25(OH) D, C-reactive protein (CRP), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28-CRP score were compared in both cases and controls. Correlation of Vitamin D level with parameters such as CRP, Anti-CCP, and ESR was performed. Correlation between Vitamin D level deficiency and disease activity among the RA patients was assessed. Results: The mean age of patients in the RA group was 37.77±13.31 years. The mean CRP in cases was 40.57±25.94 mg/L and in controls was 3.26±1.95 mg/L with significant intergroup difference (P<0.001). The mean anti-CCP in cases was 62.18±27.21 U/mL and in controls was 4.99±1.52 U/mL with significant intergroup difference (P<0.001). The mean 25(OH) D level in cases was 12.65±5.88 and in controls was 32.18±10.22. The 25(OH) D was significantly decreased in cases than controls (P<0.001). A significant inverse relationship between serum 25(OH) D levels and DAS28 was observed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves results showed that 25(OH) D<11.7 ng/mL indicates severe disease activity (Area under ROC curve=84%, Sensitivity 77.78%, and specificity 83.33%,). 25(OH) D between 11.7 ng/mL and 19.83 ng/mL indicates moderate disease activity. 25(OH) D˃19.83 ng/mL indicates low disease activity value below 4.13 is alarming situation. Conclusion: The study reveals high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in RA patients. There is also significant inverse correlation exist between serum Vitamin D levels and RA disease activity. Vitamin D level is good disease activity predictor in patients of RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In view of the rapidly growing number of aged population with dementia in India, widespread hypovitaminosis D in the elderly individual, high frequency of dementia of unknown etiology, many studies showing a definite role of Vitamin D in dementia as well as some of the literature showing inconsistent results and reverse causality of hypovitaminosis D in dementia, we planned to investigate the relation between low vitamin D and risk of dementia. Aims and Objective: The aim of the current study was to find out any relationship of Vitamin D with dementia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was performed at a neurology-teaching hospital, Kolkata, India. Ethical clearance was obtained from the hospital ethics committee. A total of fifty adults completed interviews on a semi-structured questionnaire. In addition, general medical and neurological examination and detailed cognitive assessment, including MMSE, were carried out after taking written consent. All individuals with dementia, and age-gender-matched healthy volunteers provided blood samples for routine and relevant biochemical examination, including the estimation of serum 25(OH) Vitamin D by Chemiluminescence Immuno Assay (CLIA). In addition, appropriate statistical methods were applied to analyse the results. Results: Overall, ninety percent of participants had low serum 25(OH)Vitamin D, defined as 25(OH)D < 20mg/ml. Hypovitaminosis D was associated with early and late-stage dementia and was statistically significant. Only five individuals were found to have sufficient 25 (OH) Vitamin D. Conclusion: The mean vitamin D level of demented patients was significantly lower compared to the control population. Our observations provide an association between Vitamin D deficiency and dementia and provides a background of longitudinal prospective study in future to show cause and effect relationship between dementia and hypovitaminosis D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: SARS-COV-2 is also known as coronavirus causes an infectious disease has caused a global concern due to its pandemic nature. In India, nearly 36 million cases and 5.1 lakh deaths have been recorded so far. Laboratory biomarkers play an important role in improving the clinical situational awareness by predicting risk stratification and by discriminating between severe and non-severe cases. There is no sufficient information available regarding the role of C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Vitamin D, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the prognosis of COVID-19 patients in Southern part of India. Aims and Objectives: We aim to retrospectively analyze CRP, LDH, Vitamin D, and IL-6 in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: The observational and retrospective study was carried out from the case records of 103 patients from November 2021 to February 2022 in which CRP, LDH, Vitamin D, IL-6, COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS), and CT sore were analyzed during admission and follow-up period in the hospital. Mean, mean difference, standard deviation, standard error difference, and P value were calculated. P<0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: CRP, LDH, IL-6, Vitamin D, CO-RADS, and CT score were decreased during the follow-up period when these levels were compared at the time of admission in the hospital, while there is an increase in Vitamin D levels during the follow-up period. Conclusion: The use of reliable and easy to use assays such as CRP, LDH, Vitamin D, and IL-6 plays an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin has its receptor present in myriad of tissues and it modulates multiple cellular processes. Vitamin D deficiency is reported to be associated with coronary artery disease. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Aims and Objective: The primary outcome was to investigate if there is a correlation of 25-OH levels with the percentage of luminal stenosis, as measured with coronary angiogram. The secondary outcome was to determine the differences in angiographically proven luminal stenosis across categories of 25-OH vitamin D levels. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with acute coronary syndrome with diabetes mellitus were included in this cross-sectional descriptive study. All patients were tested for fasting vitamin D levels, fasting blood sugar, HbA1C and serum creatinine. Detailed history of the patients was recorded. Data was analyzed by the statistical software SPSS version 19 and p value<0.05 was considered significant. Statistical tests like Chi- square, independent t test and log regression was used. Results: In this study 30 patients undergoing coronary angiography for acute coronary syndrome, Vitamin D levels showed severe deficiency in 6.7% (2) cases while mild deficiency was seen in 50% of the cases. Patients with single vessel disease on the coronary angiogram had lower mean HbA1C(9.18)levels in our study. Patients with triple vessel disease had poorly controlled mean HbA1Clevels (10.42). Conclusion: In this study we did not find any significant difference between the serum Vitamin D deficiency levels with patients with angiographic severity of the coronary artery disease. Patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus had more severe angiographic proven coronary artery disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) known to be a common type of chronic rhinitis which affects 10-20% of the general population while asthma is another major health problem and leading cause of morbidity in the worldwide. Vitamin D, a steroid hormone known for its important role in immunological effects has a role in AR and asthma. Aims and Objectives: The aim of our study was to assess the serum vitamin D levels in patients with asthma and seasonal AR pre-treatment or post treatment with oral vitamin D supplementation (cholecalciferol - 1000 IU) and to study the pathogenesis of the disease. Materials and Methods: The study included 66 AR and asthma patients and 46 control subjects. Fasting serum samples of control and AR subjects were analyzed for routine biochemical parameters immediately after collection while aliquots of the samples were also stored at - 20° C for the assay of 25-hydroxyvitamin D by ELISA. Results: Serum vitamin D levels were found to be significantly lower in AR and asthma patients compared with controls (p < 0.0001). On receiving vitamin D supplementation (cholecalciferol - 1000 IU) we found an increase in vitamin D serum levels in AR and asthma patients as compared to controls (p < 0.0001).Conclusion: Supplementation of vitamin D may be beneficial in the prevention of the pathogenesis of AR and asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]