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A new plant species in the genus Zehneria (Cucurbitaceae) is here described and illustrated. The species was collected at Taita Hills tropical montane forests in Kenya, a fragment of the larger Eastern Arc Mountains biodiversity hotspot. The new species, Zehneria tuberifera, is similar to Z. oligosperma and Z. longiflora, but distinguished by its tuberous rhizome and subcoriaceous leaf blades. Furthermore, it has scattered bristles along the midrib on the adaxial surface of its young leaf blades, a shorter receptacle tube, a trilobed disk in the male flower, solitary or 2-clustered female flowers, and up-to-20-flowered and subumbelliform male inflorescences.

Many phenotypical features traditionally used to classify genera in Parmeliaceae and in lichens in general have evolved several times independently, potentially limiting their taxonomic utility. Here, we aim to elucidate evolutionary relationships of Canoparmelia s. lat. among other parmotremoid taxa. A multilocus dataset (ITS, nuLSU and mtSSU rDNA sequences) was gathered and analyzed within a phylogenetic framework. Canoparmelia s. lat. was recovered as highly polyphyletic within the parmelioid clade, and three divergent lineages representing Canoparmelia s. lat. were identified in addition to the previously segregated Crespoa group. Of these, two formed a sister relationship with Parmotrema . However, no apparent diagnostic morphological features were found distinguishing the distinct Canoparmelia s. lat. clades reconstructed in the phylogenetic analyses. As a consequence, we propose to restrict the circumscription of Canoparmelia to clade 1 (i.e. the C. texana group) and to include clades 2 and 3 in Parmotrema . We propose to recognize these well-supported monophyletic clades at subgeneric level. Consequently, the new subgeneric name Parmotrema subgen. Africanae is proposed for clade 3 recovered in this study. Since clade 4, which clusters with the genera Nesolechia and Punctelia, is only represented by a single sequenced specimen, we refrain from proposing any taxonomic changes. The new combinations Parmotrema epileucum , and P. zimbabwense are proposed.

Despite the almost universal occurrence of Solanum in Kenya, there continues to be a significant gap in floristic knowledge of this important genus. We describe Solanum agnewiorum from montane forest in the central highlands. We assess the IUCN conservation status of this species as Endangered.

The number of undescribed species of lichenized fungi has been estimated at roughly 10,000. Describing and cataloging these would take the existing number of taxonomists several decades; however, the support for taxonomy is in decline worldwide. In this paper we emphasize the dire need for taxonomic expertise in lichenology. We bring together 103 colleagues from institutions worldwide to describe a total of 100 new species of lichenized fungi, representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range. The newly described species are: Acarospora flavisparsa, A. janae, Aderkomyces thailandicus, Amandinea maritima, Ampliotrema cocosense, Anomomorpha lecanorina, A. tuberculata, Aspicilia mansourii, Bacidina sorediata, Badimia multiseptata, B. vezdana, Biatora epirotica, Buellia sulphurica, Bunodophoron pinnatum, Byssoloma spinulosum, Calopadia cinereopruinosa, C. editae, Caloplaca brownlieae, C. decipioides, C. digitaurea, C. magnussoniana, C. mereschkowskiana, C. yorkensis, Calvitimela uniseptata, Chapsa microspora, C. psoromica, C. rubropulveracea, C. thallotrema, Chiodecton pustuliferum, Cladonia mongkolsukii, Clypeopyrenis porinoides, Coccocarpia delicatula, Coenogonium flammeum, Cresponea ancistrosporelloides, Crocynia microphyllina, Dictyonema hernandezii, D. hirsutum, Diorygma microsporum, D. sticticum, Echinoplaca pernambucensis, E. schizidiifera, Eremithallus marusae, Everniastrum constictovexans, Fellhanera borbonica, Fibrillithecis sprucei, Fissurina astroisidiata, F. nigrolabiata, F. subcomparimuralis, Graphis caribica, G. cerradensis, G. itatiaiensis, G. marusa, Gyalideopsis chicaque, Gyrotrema papillatum, Harpidium gavilaniae, Hypogymnia amplexa, Hypotrachyna guatemalensis, H. indica, H. lueckingii, H. paracitrella, H. paraphyscioides, H. parasinuosa, Icmadophila eucalypti, Krogia microphylla, Lecanora mugambii, L. printzenii, L. xanthoplumosella, Lecidea lygommella, Lecidella greenii, Lempholemma corticola, Lepraria sekikaica, Lobariella sipmanii, Megalospora austropacifica, M. galapagoensis, Menegazzia endocrocea, Myriotrema endoflavescens, Ocellularia albobullata, O. vizcayensis, Ochrolechia insularis, Opegrapha viridipruinosa, Pannaria phyllidiata, Parmelia asiatica, Pertusaria conspersa, Phlyctis psoromica, Placopsis imshaugii, Platismatia wheeleri, Porina huainamdungensis, Ramalina hyrcana, R. stoffersii, Relicina colombiana, Rhizocarpon diploschistidina, Sticta venosa, Sagenidiopsis isidiata, Tapellaria albomarginata, Thelotrema fijiense, Tricharia nigriuncinata, Usnea galapagona, U. pallidocarpa, Verrucaria rhizicola, and Xanthomendoza rosmarieae. In addition, three new combinations are proposed: Fibrillithecis dehiscens, Lobariella botryoides, and Lobariella pallida.