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All around the globe the concept of smart cities is growing at fast pace meaning that an increasingly amount of people are moving to cities, which causes problems for cities with energy supply, waste management, transportation, environmental issues and security to mention a few. To answer to these challenges, the concept of smart cities emerges referring to cities that invest in human and social capital, and traditional (transport) and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure that will fuel sustainable economic growth and a high quality of life, with a wise management of natural resources, through participatory governance. Hence, for cities to be smart they cannot only install technologies, but they also need to invest in human capital and sustain a high quality of life. It is therefore important that solutions being implemented in smart cities answer to the needs and expectations citizens have as well as protect them from being exposed or forced into unwanted situations. In earlier studies it has become clear that people often are worried about their privacy due to our life being so easy to track and technologies becoming increasingly ubiquitous and pervasive. In this paper we will report on a study carried out with focus on understanding citizens view on information privacy concerns related to an intelligent acoustic smart city solution for audio monitoring. By means of this technology it was possible to detect events such as sirens, recognise speech commands and detects presence in public buildings. Audio monitoring is a relatively new and under research phenomena. Hence, in this paper an analysis of a survey on information privacy concerns, carried out with 1000 respondents around Europe, is presented and discussed. The basic findings from this study indicate that people have information privacy concerns related to this type of solution on a general level. However, when being more thoroughly introduced to the solution and its usage area, the citizens also became more positive towards the solution. The study also identified design principles that aims to support the design and implementation of smart city solutions that take not only users, but also affectees perspectives into consideration. Validerad; 2016; Nivå 1; 20151208 (stahlis)

Although emerging organizational knowledge systems, such as social media, are widely researched, related knowledge security risks have received less attention. Traditional information security management models tend to concentrate on the technological viewpoint to secure existing information assets. However, the use of contemporary approaches for knowledge creation and sharing offer new important possibilities for making use of internal and external knowledge. Simultaneously, their implementation involves changesin technologies, as well as a change in work processes and communications. Hence, knowledge security risk management should be developed from the current focus on relatively static containers and information assets toward more proactive management of the potential future risks of knowledge sharing. This paper introduces a proactive process for managing knowledge security risks and reports experiences of its use by professionals with experience in various topics of information and knowledge security. Validerad; 2016; Nivå 1; 20150113 (terpai)

Interoperability of e-government systems is suggested to increase transparency, efficiency, effectiveness, and customer service in the public sector. Generic data models are often seen as a way for achieving especially semantic interoperability. To assess how the contemporary data models support semantic egovernment interoperability, we reviewed literature on data models suggested for the public sector in light of four features: standard modelling language, entityrelationship modelling, vocabulary for data exchange and methodology. The review contributes previous research by introducing a four-feature framework for assessing capability of e-government data models to enhance interoperability and by providing an up-to-date review of the generic data models for this purpose. Godkänd; 2014; 20141105 (terpai)

Within agile software development there is a growing concern with how development organizations can integrate usability work into agile practices. The concern occurs as frustration experienced in practice by agile developers and usability designers, and it also occurs as a gap in the research literature. With this paper we report from a case study in a software company that is committed to agile development, to usability work, and to their integration. The theoretical starting point is an initial framework that has been elicited from the research literature; and the paper’s contribution is an extension and modification of the initial framework based on our case study results. The resulting framework points to three enablers (attitudes, compromises, skills), three tasks (upfront design, low-fi prototyping, iterative evaluating), and three alternative modes of collaboration/work organization (parallel, embedded, fully integrated) in agile usability practices. In addition, end-user involvement may vary. The paper contributes by extending existing frameworks on integration and thus providing better explanations for practitioners and researchers of integration of usability. Godkänd; 2014; 20141021 (terpai)

Contemporary methods for assessing information security risks have adopted mainly technical views on the information and technology assets. Organizational dynamics of information management and knowledge sharing have gained less attention. This article outlines how an information security risk assessment method can be elaborated using knowledge-centric analysis of information assets. For this purpose, we suggest the use of a genre-based analysis method for identifying organizational communication patterns, through which organizational knowledge is shared. Initial experiences of the method try-outs by three experienced information security professionals are discussed. The article concludes with a look at the implications of a genre-based analysis of knowledge assets for future research and practice. Godkänd; 2014; 20130915 (danh); Konferensartikel i tidskrift

Corruption is arguably one of the main hindrances to development. In their effort to combat corruption, governments in developing countries turn to information technology to enhance transparency in decision making. However, implementation of an information system in this context is not straightforward. Premised upon institutional theory, this interpretive case study traces the role of institutional actors in the institutionalization of an eProcurement system in Indonesian local government. It draws on different streams of research on institutional work to develop an interpretive lens to understand what institutional actors do to steer the institutionalization process. It identifies a set of institutional work carried out by them in disrupting the old institution, and, creating and maintaining the new one. The findings give a better understanding of the institutionalization process. It provides a fine-grained conceptualization of forms of institutional work, and its constituent dimensions. Godkänd; 2014; 20140113 (mausei); Konferensartikel i tidskrift

Godkänd; 2014; 20140625 (terpai)

In response to large emergencies, emergency managers deal with unknown situations characterized by complexity and uncertainty, so-called wicked problems. Existing tabletop exercises are used to train, test and exercise emergency managers but do table top exercises mirror the wickedness? A pilot study where emergency managers were interviewed about the use of tabletop exercises has been carried out. The pilot study and traditional tabletop exercises are analyzed through the lens of wicked problems. The result shows that tabletop exercises partly mirrors wicked problems but cannot handle every aspect of wicked problems. The main reasons for this are, that the planning of tabletop exercises in which the problems and solutions are known beforehand tames the problems and that focusing on the use of plans entails leaving unplanned problems unaddressed. I propose three design ideas to be used when designing tabletop exercises to better prepare emergency managers for wicked problems. First, focus on unsolved (wicked) problems instead of on problems already handled in plans and allow participants to identify them. Second, let participants tame the problems during the exercise instead of taming the problems ahead of time planning the exercises. Third, use existing plans and lessons learned from previous emergencies, and resolve the problems in collaboration. Godkänd; 2014; 20140117 (svantee); Konferensartikel i tidskrift

Public procurement constitutes a large part of the market in many countries, and it has the potential of playing an important role in stimulating communities and serving policy goals. With this in mind the governments have set regulations for public procurement. Procurement of Information Systems is especially challenging due to the complexity of procuring unknown technology and the importance an information system has for different stakeholders in an organization. Public procurement of information systems (IS) and services provides several challenges to the stakeholders involved in the procurement processes. However, these are not well established or understood, and there is a knowledge gap that needs to be covered. This paper presents results from a Delphi study, which involved 46 experienced procurement managers, chief information officers, and vendor representatives in the Norwegian public sector. The participants identified 98 challenges related to IS procurement, and subsequently ranked the relative importance of the top issues. The study supports findings from previous research related to diverging stakeholder goals; challenges in balancing between objectives; in requirement specifications; and in too narrow cost focus. In addition to providing empirical confirmation of these previous propositions the study revealed new findings, such as benefits realization in IS procurement; coordinating and standardizing public procurement processes; complex and constraining government regulations; issues of technological integration and compatibility; and inter-municipal cooperation. Developing clear requirements specifications stands out as critical for public sector officials. The results provide a rich overview of IS procurement challenges in the public sector in Norway, and may also give a good picture of challenges in other countries with similar procurement regulations. Godkänd; 2013; 20131209 (terpai)

The paper outlines a model for theorizing about development practices, especially taking into account the intended rationale for, actual realization of, and resulting impacts from using particular practices in varying contexts. This includes discussing of two different modes of thinking through which we can approach software development practices: technical rationality vs. reflection-in-action. By framing development practices taking place in software organizations as organizational practices, the paper also sketches previous practice research in organizations, which has profoundly informed this work. Finally, the paper compares the SEMAT approach to the outlined model, and suggests a few points of critique and complementary elements to the SEMAT initiative, especially in its capabilities towards theorizing. Godkänd; 2013; 20130523 (terpai)

The most currently popular method for assessing trust in online social networks is Trust Game. The major studies in this area have established results formed into hypotheses for the effects of a number of network parameters on the extent to which individuals would place trust on each other. However, hypotheses for the effects of a few number of network parameters, such as Indegree, are not deducible since the restrictive game-theoretic assumptions that are imposed into the model do not let any such evidence available. To relax the game-theoretic assumptions, we develop a model for games with incomplete information, based on a game-theoretic model developed by Buskens (1998), and conduct a series of computer simulation of a model of Iterated Heterogeneous Trust Games (IHTG). We compare the results with those of Buskens’ (1998) model and introduce Link-Strength as a new network parameter to investigate. Our results show a positive effect of both Indegree and Link-strength on the level of trust in a noisy environment. In addition, we come to a conclusion that current models can be fooled by the existing noise in the context of information transmission, such as inactive users in our case. Godkänd; 2012; 20120808 (ysko)

This paper summarizes work done in a PhD study on metadata driven imitation for preservation of visual appearance of web forms and/or receipts used in eGovernment services. The research done suggests that metadata, and e.g. a background image, can be used to describe the visual appearance of documents, and that this also facilitates having the data separated from the visual appearance. This separation provides the ability to present the material to the users in different ways, depending on their needs and requirements, while retaining the ability to present the object in its original look. The original look is seen as the most versatile way of presenting the material, giving the most fruitful base of interpretation and understanding, but if the users where familiar with the material, they liked the ability to have the material presented in simplified ways, where many of the sometimes "distracting" visual attributes where removed. In general, preserving the visual appearance and keeping the data separated from the form, was seen as useful and beneficial to both the users and the preservation professionals. As always in digital preservation contexts, documentation of this process and the relation between the metadata describing the visual appearance and the data of the document, is of high importance. Godkänd; 2010; 20101115 (jorgen_n)

Awareness and understanding of strategic IT- and information security appears to be a low priority amongst senior managers although this falls within their responsibilities. In this paper a tested and confirmed model used to explain strategic IT- and information security is described. The model has been iteratively developed and applied in development, implementation or training in five different organizations. In these five cases, senior management awareness and understanding of strategic IT- and information security was verified as being very low. The model was originally developed to explain IT- and information security to corporate senior management. It has been adapted for use in the public sector by changing some of the terminology to match that used within the public sector. The model may also be used for training purposes, with regards to senior management or personnel in strategic IT- and information security. The importance of senior management ownership and care for strategic elements of the organization's security programme is also discussed and the conclusion drawn is that the operative levels should be coordinated by one or a few members of the senior management team. Validerad; 2009; 20090206 (jlm)

Det finns idag stora problem med bevarande av digitalt material. Centrum för långsiktigt digitalt bevarande är en kontaktyta för samverkan runt lösningar på dessa problem och en av de tidiga aktörerna som arbetar med FoU i samverkan med sina partners inom detta område. Artikeln beskriver hur etableringen av centret gått till och vad som krävs för att förverkliga och konsolidera en centrumbildning så att den kontinuerligt utvecklar ny vetenskapligt grundad kunskap som löser problem för parter och andra intressenter. Godkänd; 2009; 20090609 (ysko)