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This paper examines the rise and fall of the Administrative Bureau of Prohibited Drugs in 1920s Shanghai. It identifies the factors associated with the endeavours of the central government to experiment with establishing a Bureau dedicated to regulating refined drugs and the reasons why the Bureau operated for just about two years. It argues that the concerns regarding the widespread of refined drugs and the expected profits of regulating the business pushed the central government to experiment establishing the Bureau. Moreover, this experiment was a tool with which the Beiyang government aimed to centralise its authorities on the issue of drug control. However, the room for manoeuvring the Bureau was limited, mainly because of the resilience of the drug economy and the politicised regulations. Struggling in the narrow space between the colonial powers, the merchant groups, and the local authorities acting under the influence of warlords, the Bureau was doomed to be short-lived. Its history reveals the resilience of both licit and illicit drug economy and the power struggles that resulted from efforts to regulate refined drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the effect of a trade-induced competitive shock, defined as rising import competition from China, on Chilean manufacturing plants. For identification, we exploit the fact that in 1995-2006, Chinese import penetration increased sharply in Chile, but this expansion varied widely across manufacturing industries. We use Chinese export growth in high-income industry-country pairs as an instrument for Chinese import penetration. Our results suggest that plants in more exposed industries exhibit relative declines in revenue, employment, and physical capital and face a higher probability of exiting the panel than comparable plants in less exposed industries. All these effects are concentrated among establishments with low initial levels of productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the rise of China as a leader in the global economy and investigates the changes in trade patterns between China and other countries in the transmission of international business in Latin America. It examines how the gross domestic product (GDP) in China and the U.S. have affected Latin America in accordance to the trading between these countries in the world economy.

The article focuses on a study which examined the competition between Latin American and Chinese exports in the U.S. market. The U.S. has been considered as the most important trade partner of Latin America. But the growth of U.S. trade with China presents as a challenge for Latin American countries as shown in U.S. import data. The biggest growth in exports from Latin America came from Mexico which increased its share of the U.S. market to 11.5% from 1990 to 2003. Since 2000, the strong trade performance of China and Latin America's weakness have been manifested. While demand for Latin American goods decreased at 3.2% per year, Chinese exports to the U.S. increased at a rate of 11.9%.