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Objective: The aim of this study was to complete a systematic evidence-based review of published cognitive and behavioral treatment studies with pediatric subjects who have a history of an acquired brain injury (ABI). Data sources: We utilized PubMed and EMBASE to search peer-reviewed journals from 1980 to 2006. Data selection: Terms such as cognitive rehabilitation, speech therapy, language therapy, and behavior therapy were employed in the search and 28 studies met established criteria. Data extraction: The data extracted from each study included specific details about the cognitive or behavioral treatment, subjects, study design, outcome measurements, and treatment effectiveness. Data synthesis: The studies, involving 366 children and youth with ABI, were classified as 1 Class I study, 5 Class II studies, 6 Class III studies, and 16 Class IV studies. Conclusions: Despite a limited number of studies, 2 treatment recommendations and 1 option were developed from this systematic literature search. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to complete a systematic evidence-based review of published cognitive and behavioral treatment studies with pediatric subjects who have a history of an acquired brain injury (ABI). Data sources: We utilized PubMed and EMBASE to search peer-reviewed journals from 1980 to 2006. Data selection: Terms such as cognitive rehabilitation, speech therapy, language therapy, and behavior therapy were employed in the search and 28 studies met established criteria. Data extraction: The data extracted from each study included specific details about the cognitive or behavioral treatment, subjects, study design, outcome measurements, and treatment effectiveness. Data synthesis: The studies, involving 366 children and youth with ABI, were classified as 1 Class I study, 5 Class II studies, 6 Class III studies, and 16 Class IV studies. Conclusions: Despite a limited number of studies, 2 treatment recommendations and 1 option were developed from this systematic literature search. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern health care has been influenced by a number of forces that have increased the level of accountability and performance. Efforts to establish evidenced-based practice have led to development of guidelines and standards of practice. However, the current state of the art in many fields has not unveiled the levels of research and empirical findings, which establish the 'gold standards' of care. This has led to increased demand and stress on the clinician with less mature guidelines available. Such a scenario can lead to a sense of 'practice vacuum.' The present article offers the single-subject design as the best alternative for a clinical infrastructure when confronted with questions of effectiveness and clinical decision making in the absence of sufficient development of standards of care. The article acquaints the reader with design models, strengths for clinical use and the benefits for establishing an ordered and systematic treatment approach. Copyright © 2000 by Aspen Publishers, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offers the single-subject design (SSD) as the best alternative for a clinical infrastructure when confronted with questions of effectiveness and clinical decision making in the absence of sufficient development of standards of care. History of SSD; Discussion on how SSD assists the clinician with challenges in daily practice; Illustrative examples of SSD guiding daily practice; Details on treatment and care of children .