1. Advances on Non-CD4 + Foxp3+ T Regulatory Cells: CD8+, Type 1, and Double Negative T Regulatory Cells in Organ Transplantation.
- Author
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Ligocki AJ and Niederkorn JY
- Subjects
- Animals, Biomarkers metabolism, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes drug effects, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, Graft Rejection metabolism, Graft Rejection prevention & control, Graft Survival drug effects, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use, Phenotype, Signal Transduction, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory drug effects, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory metabolism, Treatment Outcome, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Graft Rejection immunology, Organ Transplantation adverse effects, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory immunology, Transplantation Tolerance
- Abstract
The overwhelming body of research on T regulatory cells (Treg) has focused on CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3+ T cells. However, recent years have witnessed a resurgence in interest in CD4 - CD8+, CD4 - CD8- (double negative [DN]), and CD4 + Foxp3- type 1 Treg (Tr1) Treg and their role in controlling autoimmune diseases and in promoting the survival of organ allografts and xenografts. CD8+ and DN Treg can arise spontaneously (natural Treg) or can be induced in situ. Both CD8+ and DN Treg have been shown to enhance the survival of organ allografts and xenografts. Additionally, both can suppress alloimmune responses by contact-dependent mechanisms by either inducing apoptosis or mediating direct cytolysis of effector T cells. CD8+, DN, and Tr1 Treg can also act in a contact-independent manner by elaborating soluble immunosuppressive factors, such as TGF-β and IL-10. Applying CD8+, DN, and Tr1 Treg for enhancing the survival of organ allografts and xenografts is still in its infancy but holds significant potential. Furthermore, there is a need for a more comprehensive understanding of how current immunosuppressive therapies applied to organ transplantations affect the wide array of Treg populations.
- Published
- 2015
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