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The article examines the relationship between work stress as defined according to the Effort-Reward Imbalance Model and painful menstruation in Hungary. It explores the association between work stress and dysmenorrhea using logistic regression based on data of 821 pre-menopausal and not pregnant women from the Hungarostudy Epidemiological Panel 2006. It found that previous miscarriage, smoking, body-mass index, physical activity and depressive symptoms effort-reward imbalance were associated with an increased risk of menstrual pain.