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Background: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) can fuse severed closely apposed axolemmas and restore axonal continuity. The authors evaluated the effects of PEG fusion on functional recovery in a rodent forelimb model of peripheral nerve injury., Methods: The median nerves of male Lewis rats ( n = 5 per group) were transected and repaired with standard suture repair (SR), SR with PEG (PEG), or SR with PEG and 1% methylene blue (PEG+MB); a sham surgery group was also included. Proximal stimulation produced compound nerve and muscle action potentials recorded distally. The contralateral limb of each animal acted as an internal control for grip strength measurements., Results: Compound nerve and muscle action potentials immediately returned in all PEG and PEG+MB animals, but not in SR animals. The PEG and PEG+MB groups demonstrated earlier return of function by postoperative day (POD) 7 (62.6 ± 7.3% and 50.9 ± 6.7% of contralateral limb grip strength, respectively) compared with the SR group, in which minimal return of function was not measurable until POD 21. At POD 98, the PEG group grip strength recovered to 77.2 ± 2.8% and the PEG+MB grip strength recovered to 79.9 ± 4.4%, compared with 34.9 ± 1.8% recovery in the SR group ( P < 0.05). The PEG and PEG+MB groups reached 50% of the sham group grip strength on POD 3.8 and POD 6.3, respectively, whereas the SR group did not reach 50% grip strength recovery of the sham group throughout the study period., Conclusion: PEG fusion plus neurorrhaphy with or without MB reestablished axonal continuity, shortened recovery time, and augmented functional recovery compared with suture neurorrhaphy alone., Clinical Relevance Statement: PEG fusion with neurorrhaphy may bypass Wallerian degeneration, leading to augmented and shortened functional recovery., (Copyright © 2023 by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.)

Context: The COVID-19 pandemic spurred significant government investments for hiring public health workers. There are clear opportunities to help build capacities among both current and incoming public health workers, closing well-elucidated skill gaps., Objective: To report on the development process, methods used, and outcomes seen from a point-in-time public health workforce capacity-building initiative, Public Health Essentials (PHE) ., Design: Capacity-building outcomes evaluation using pre/postintervention measures., Setting: The United States., Participants: A total of 512 learners working in roles (government or adjacent to) that support public health., Intervention: PHE, a cohort-based facilitated asynchronous online course comprising 5 units, 18 modules, 54 learning outcomes, and 266 teaching and applied assessment elements designed to build public health strategic skills., Main Outcome Measures: Two outputs and 3 outcomes were used to assess and improve progress in achieving our goal of building generalizable and transferrable public health ability and confidence among diverse public health workers: Use of PHE , PHE completion rate , Learner competence , Change in self-assessed ability , and Benefits of PHE., Results: From September 2021 to December 2022, 4 agencies used PHE for fellowship training or employee capacity building. Some 79% (n = 512) of learners completed the training, demonstrating competence in all 54 areas assessed by expert course facilitators. Of those, 79% (n = 321) completed both optional pre- and post-PHE surveys, reporting statistically significant gains in all strategic skill domains assessed (n = 9), regardless of demographics and public health experience. Learners gained new skills and knowledge (92%), developed a better understanding of public health (86%), and broadened their public health skill base (84%). A majority can apply the knowledge and skills gained directly to their work (94%), which benefits their team (92%), and have increased their confidence as public health practitioners (49%)., Conclusions: PHE can significantly improve learners' ability across 9 strategic skill areas in as few as 15 weeks, regardless of their demographics, training, or experience., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: N/A., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Objective: The question of whether depression is associated with worse survival in people with cancer remains unanswered because of methodological criticism of the published research on the topic. We aimed to study the association in a large methodologically robust study., Methods: We analyzed data on 20,582 patients with breast, colorectal, gynecological, lung, and prostate cancers who had attended cancer outpatient clinics in Scotland, United Kingdom. Patients had completed two-stage screening for major depression as part of their cancer care. These data on depression status were linked to demographic, cancer, and subsequent mortality data from national databases. We estimated the association of major depression with survival for each cancer using Cox regression. We adjusted for potential confounders and interactions between potentially time-varying confounders and the interval between cancer diagnosis and depression screening, and used multiple imputation for missing depression and confounder data. We pooled the cancer-specific results using fixed-effects meta-analysis., Results: Major depression was associated with worse survival for all cancers, with similar adjusted hazard ratios (HRs): breast cancer (HR = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15-1.75), colorectal cancer (HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.11-1.94), gynecological cancer (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.08-1.71), lung cancer (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.24-1.56), and prostate cancer (HR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.08-2.85). The pooled HR was 1.41 (95% CI = 1.29-1.54, p < .001, I2 = 0%). These findings were not materially different when we only considered the deaths (90%) that were attributed to cancer., Conclusions: Major depression is associated with worse survival in patients with common cancers. The mechanisms of this association and the clinical implications require further study., (Copyright © 2021 by the American Psychosomatic Society.)

Background and Aims: The incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are rising with similar patterns. Co-occurrence of both diseases in the same patient has been increasingly reported. We sought to examine the pediatric population with both EoE and IBD to better understand the epidemiology and clinical implications of this overlap., Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study at 2 tertiary care children's hospitals. Subjects with both EoE and IBD were identified and compared with randomly selected controls with EoE and IBD alone in terms of: demographics, atopic conditions, IBD classification, location and phenotype of Crohn disease (CD), IBD medications, endoscopic findings, and histopathology. Descriptive statistics summarized the data., Results: Sixty-seven subjects with dual-diagnosis were identified across both institutions. The prevalence of IBD in the EoE population was 2.2% and EoE in IBD was 1.5%. Subjects with both diseases were more likely to have IgE-mediated food allergy compared with IBD alone (36% vs 7%, P < 0.001). Subjects with CD-EoE were less likely to have perianal disease than CD alone (2% vs 20%, P = 0.004). There was no difference in fibrostenotic EoE between the dual-diagnosis group and EoE alone. Treatment with a TNF-alpha inhibitor (anti-TNF) for management of preexisting IBD was protective against development of EoE with a relative risk of 0.314 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.159-0.619]., Conclusions: This is a unique population in whom the underlying pathway leading to dual-diagnosis is unclear. Concomitant atopic conditions, especially IgE-mediated food allergy, and medication exposures, particularly anti-TNFs, may help predict likelihood of developing dual-diagnosis., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.)

Objectives: No formal comparative effectiveness studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) treatment choice on long-term growth in pediatric patients. Long-term studies of inhaled corticoid steroids in asthma, however, suggest possible effects on linear growth. The aim of this study was to compare longitudinal, anthropometric growth in children with EoE according to treatment approach., Methods: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter cohort study of anthropometric growth (height and body mass index [BMI] z scores) in pediatric (<18 years of age) patients newly diagnosed with EoE across 5 clinical sites between 2005 and 2014. We compared differences in growth according to treatment approach over a 12-month period. Modification by sex and age was examined and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess robustness of results given study assumptions., Results: In the 409 patients identified, the mean age and proportion male differed by treatment (P =  < 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively). Baseline growth measures were associated with slight impairment of height at diagnosis (median baseline height z score of -0.1 [interquartile range -0.9, 0.8]). In general, treatment approach was not associated with any significant increase or decrease in expected growth over a 12-month period. Subtle decrease in linear growth was observed with treatment using a combined elemental and topical steroid (Δ height z score [adjusted]: -0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.08, -0.01). Differences in linear growth differed by sex (P for interaction <0.01). For elemental formula in combination with topical steroids, only girls exhibited a significant decline in linear growth (Δ height z score [adjusted]: -0.24; 95% CI: -0.32, -0.17). A slight reduction in BMI was observed for patients treated with a combination of elemental diet and dietary elimination (Δ BMI z score [adjusted]: -0.07; 95% CI: -0.13, -0.01)., Conclusions: Treatment of EoE, in general, is not associated with major anthropometric growth changes in most pediatric patients. Slight linear growth impairment was observed for topical steroid treatment, and sex differences in growth by treatment approach were observed. Future prospective studies should evaluate the effect of treatment on optimal growth and development and over a longer period of follow-up.

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic disease characterized by infiltration of eosinophils in the esophageal epithelium. There are limited treatment options for EoE. The rationale of the study was to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of reslizumab (RSZ) in pediatric patients who received RSZ in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and expanded access program., Methods: Records of patients who received RSZ in our center were reviewed. Patients received RSZ 2 mg/kg (or placebo) every 4 weeks as part of the RCT, open-label extension (OLE), and compassionate use (CU). Data were analyzed as of their most recent evaluation in August 2017. Labwork, history, and examinations were conducted every 12 weeks. Biopsy results were compared from baseline (before RCT) and at the most recent evaluation. Adverse events (AE) were recorded., Results: Twelve patients entered the RCT at our center; 6 patients completed the OLE and 4 received RSZ through CU. Between the RCT, OLE, and CU periods, patients received 549 doses of RSZ (median 37, range 2-116). No serious AE were attributed to RSZ. Symptoms improved on treatment: dysphagia (42% vs 0%), abdominal pain (58% vs 0%), heartburn (18% vs 0%), vomiting (67% vs. 17%), reflux (58% vs. 0%). Median esophageal eosinophil count improved (35 eosinophils per high-power field vs 3, P < 0.001). Patients receiving RSZ maintain a relatively unrestricted diet., Conclusions: RSZ appears to be safe in children with EoE over 9 years of treatment experience. Symptoms and eosinophil count improved considerably during treatment with RSZ despite a relatively unrestricted diet.

Study Design: Observational study., Objective: To evaluate the publication rate of podium presentations from the Cervical Spine Research Society (CSRS) annual meeting and to evaluate the publication rate of award-winning papers from the CSRS annual meeting., Summary of Background Data: Although various publication rates from Orthopaedic meetings have been reported, the publication rates from the CSRS annual meetings are not known., Methods: Paper presentations and award-winning papers from the 2007 to 2011 annual CSRS meeting were identified. Using PubMed, we searched for publications with a title of the paper presentations or containing the same authors. The publication rate of the award-winning papers was evaluated in the same manner. We collected the title of the journals the papers were published in and identified the most common journals., Results: Of the 321 podium presentations, 211 were published (65.7%). The publication rate was highest for 2007 abstracts (77.8%), followed by 2008 and 2011 (68.5%) and lowest for 2009 (58.5%). Of the 45 award-winning papers, 35 were published (77.8%), which was significantly different compared with the non-award-winning papers (63.8%, P=0.046). Spine, The Spine Journal, and Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine were the most common publication journals for the papers., Conclusion: In one of the first studies evaluating the publication rate of podium presentation from the CSRS annual meetings, we found an overall publication rate of 65.8% and 77.8% for award-winning papers. This high publication rate indicates the quality of papers presented at the CSRS annual meeting., Level of Evidence: 4.

Objective: To assess hippocampal atrophy rates calculated from fluid registration methods., Methods: Hippocampi were segmented on baseline and registered-repeat scans of 32 probable Alzheimer disease (AD) subjects and 55 controls. Fluid-based atrophy rates were calculated., Results: In AD patients, the mean (SD) atrophy rates for manual, fluidly propagated, and Jacobian methods were 5.09 (3.59), 5.34 (3.43), and 3.55 (2.70) (percentage per year). In controls, atrophy rates were 1.31 (2.00), 0.89 (0.75), and 0.56 (1.12) (percentage per year). In AD, fluid propagation and manual rates were similar in means (P = 0.55) and variances (P = 0.71). Jacobian rates were smaller in mean (P = 0.002) and variance (P = 0.026) than in manual rates. In controls, fluid-propagated rates were similar in mean to manual rates (P = 0.12), but less variable (P < 0.0001). Jacobian rates were smaller in mean (P = 0.014) and less variable (P < 0.0001) than in manual rates. Both fluid methods were superior to manual measures in separating AD from controls (P < 0.0001)., Conclusions: Fluid-based methods may be useful in large serial hippocampal studies.

Background: Symptoms of memory loss are very common with estimated prevalence between 22% and 50% in those older than 65 years of age. Those with symptoms of memory loss and impaired performance on memory tests are at high risk of progression to Alzheimer disease. The relative importance of different aspects of the clinical history in predicting cognitive impairment is uncertain., Methods: Fifty-six patients with symptoms of memory loss were recruited from the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery. A clinician recorded type and duration of memory symptoms as perceived by the patient and their informant, and use of memory aids. All patients subsequently underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychologic testing., Findings: (i) Informant, but not patient, ratings of memory were associated with performance on tests of memory function and with hippocampal size on MRI. (ii) Decreased use of memory aids and shorter duration of memory symptoms were more common in those with memory impairment., Interpretation: In a clinical setting, information gathered from the history was associated with cognitive impairment on memory testing and brain appearances on MRI. The history from a close informant is particularly important being more strongly predictive of cognitive impairment (P=0.0002) than subjective symptoms, use of memory aids or duration of symptoms.

Abstract: Drug-specific anti-Xa concentrations can be used to assess the presence of drug effects; however, there is inadequate guidance for clinicians on the interpretation and clinical application of these results. The purpose of this study is to review patients' first apixaban and rivaroxaban anti-Xa concentrations to identify indications for monitoring and common therapeutic interventions made based on the results. In addition, we compared bleeding and thrombotic outcomes between the obesity group body mass index ≥40 kg/m 2 and the standard group body mass index 25-39.9 kg/m 2 . A retrospective analysis was conducted at a large academic medical center from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. Primary outcomes were indications for anti-Xa concentrations and interventions on results. A total of 180 patients were included in the analysis, with 119 patients (66%) in the apixaban group and 61 patients (34%) in the rivaroxaban group. The most common indications for anti-Xa concentrations were extreme body weight (23%) and concern for bleeding (22%). About half of the anti-Xa concentrations resulted in therapy changes including holding for procedure, switching to heparin or enoxaparin, holding for an elevated anti-Xa concentration or concern for bleeding, adjusting direct-acting oral anticoagulant dose, or switching to an alternative oral anticoagulant. There were no differences in bleeding complications (5% [2] vs. 16% [14], P = 0.11) or thrombotic complications (8% [3] vs. 9% [8], P = 0.85) between the obesity group and the standard group. Despite the lack of validation of therapeutic ranges for anti-Xa concentrations, this study showed clinical situations where anti-Xa concentration monitoring can be of value., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To identify longitudinal retinal layer thickness changes in normal eyes of cognitively healthy elderly people., Methods: Post hoc analysis was performed on 57 cognitively healthy elderly participants from the population-based Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging and Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia cohort studies who underwent baseline and final optical coherence tomography scans. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, subfoveal choroid, and average retinal layer thickness at four quadrant (nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior) points 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm from the center of the fovea were measured., Results: The mean age of subjects was 75.1 years and the mean follow-up period was 55.9 months. Among the analyzed retinal layers, both the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer and the outer nuclear layer at all 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm points showed a statistically significant decrease in thickness at the final visit compared with baseline. The annual decrease rates were -1.2 µm/year at 1 mm (total -6.6%), -1.3 µm/year at 2 mm (total -8.4%), and -1.1 µm/year at 3 mm (total -9.7%) for ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer and -0.6 µm/year at 1 mm (total -4.2%), -0.5 µm/year at 2 mm (total -3.9%), and -0.4 µm/year at 3 mm (total -4.1%) for outer nuclear layer., Conclusion: Aging plays a significant role in the reduction of ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer and outer nuclear layer thicknesses in cognitively healthy elderly individuals., Competing Interests: None of the authors has any conflict of interest or financial interests to declare.

Introduction: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the esophagus characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and histologically by predominantly eosinophilic infiltration of the squamous epithelium. European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) published a guideline in 2014; however, the rapid evolution of knowledge about pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic options have made an update necessary., Methods: A consensus group of pediatric gastroenterologists from the ESPGHAN Working Group on Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases (ESPGHAN EGID WG) reviewed the recent literature and proposed statements and recommendations on 28 relevant questions about EoE. A comprehensive electronic literature search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases from 2014 to 2022. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system was used to assess the quality of evidence and formulate recommendations., Results: A total of 52 statements based on the available evidence and 44 consensus-based recommendations are available. A revision of the diagnostic protocol, options for initial drug treatment, and the new concept of simplified empiric elimination diets are now available. Biologics are becoming a part of the potential armamentarium for refractory EoE, and systemic steroids may be considered as the initial treatment for esophageal strictures before esophageal dilation. The importance and assessment of quality of life and a planned transition to adult medical care are new areas addressed in this guideline., Conclusion: Research in recent years has led to a better understanding of childhood EoE. This guideline incorporates the new findings and provides a practical guide for clinicians treating children diagnosed with EoE., (© 2024 European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.)

Objective: This study examined how perceived people-oriented culture (POC) was associated with burnout, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic among emergency medical service (EMS) providers in Korea., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 693 EMS providers in 2021., Results: Overall, prevalence of personal burnout, work-related burnout, and citizen-related burnout were 61.5%, 60.0%, and 60.6%, respectively. Prevalence of depressive symptoms was 25.1%. Prevalence of poor sleep quality, unrestful sleep, and sleep disturbance were 46.5%, 58.2%, and 52.2%, respectively. Compared to high POC group, higher prevalence of depressive symptoms was observed among medium (prevalence ratio: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.32) and low (prevalence ratio: 2.70, 95% CI: 1.92, 3.79) POC group. Similar trends were observed in the analysis of burnout and sleep problems., Conclusions: Our findings underscore that low POC could play a critical role in worsening burnout, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems among EMS providers., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None declared., (Copyright © 2024 American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.)

Objective: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a commonly used brief cognitive screening tool for monitoring adverse cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The aim of this study was to examine three statistical methods for detecting reliable change in the MoCA following ECT., Methods: In a prospective cohort study, 47 patients (mean age 55.2 [SD = 12.8], 59.6% female) with unipolar or bipolar depression treated with an acute course of brief-pulse ECT (72.3% right unilateral) and 47 depressed controls without ECT exposure were tested on the MoCA at baseline and retested at comparable time intervals. ECT patients' performance was also compared to published normative data from a community-based sample of older adults. We calculated proportions of ECT patients remaining stable, declining, and improving following ECT using practice-corrected reliable change index, standardized regression-based formulas, and minimum detectable change cutoff of ±4 MoCA points., Results: Using the three methods, 72.3%-78.7% of ECT patients remained stable, 17.0%-23.4% declined, and 4.3% improved in MoCA performance following ECT compared to the two control groups., Conclusions: All three methods yield consistent estimates of reliable change in MoCA scores from pre- to post-brief-pulse ECT. The minimum detectable change approach may be the most efficient and accessible method of detecting change due to simplicity of calculation., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The incidence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is 3-5 times greater in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) compared with the general population. This study aimed to differentiate true EoE from esophageal eosinophilia in IBD patients by evaluating expression of major basic protein (MBP) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) in esophageal biopsies., Methods: This retrospective study included subjects who had an esophagogastroduodenoscopy with esophageal biopsies for IBD work up or suspicion for EoE. Patients were classified into 5 groups: EoE with ≥15 eosinophils per high power field (eos/hpf), EoE-IBD with ≥15 eos/hpf, IBD eosinophilia with 1-14 eos/hpf, IBD and control groups. Biopsies were stained with MBP and IL-13 antibodies and the results (% staining/total tissue area), demographic, and clinical findings were compared among the groups., Results: The median for MBP staining levels in EoE-IBD was 3.8 (interquartile range 1.3-23), significantly lower than in EoE at 52.8 (8.3-113.2), but higher than in IBD eosinophilia at 0.2 (0-0.9; p < 0.001) and negligible in the IBD and control groups. IL-13 expression in EoE was significantly higher only compared with IBD and controls not with EoE-IBD or IBD eosinophilia. MBP predicted EoE with 100% sensitivity and 99% specificity while IL-13 had 83% sensitivity and 90% specificity using cutoff point from the cohort without EoE-IBD patients. Based on MBP cutoff point that distinguished EoE from non EoE, 56% in EoE-IBD were MBP-positive whereas 100% in EoE group (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: MBP may be an excellent marker in distinguishing true EoE from eosinophilia caused by IBD. Our data implied that MBP together with endoscopic and histologic changes can assist EoE diagnosis in IBD patients., (© 2024 European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.)

Objectives: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID), and functional abdominal pain disorder (FAPD) present with nonspecific gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms clinically and also have some similarities in pathogeneses associated with eosinophils. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the role of eosinophils in IBD compared to EGID and FAPD by investigating eosinophils in peripheral blood and GI tissue and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)., Methods: Pediatric patients with chronic GI symptoms who underwent endoscopic biopsies were enrolled. Complete blood cell counts, inflammatory markers, immunoglobulin E (IgE), serum ECP levels, and endoscopic and histopathologic findings were retrospectively reviewed., Results: A total of 387 patients were included: 179 with EGID, 107 with IBDs, and 82 with FAPD. Peripheral absolute eosinophil count (AEC), total IgE, and serum ECP were significantly higher in both IBD and EGID than in FAPD (all p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were noted among the three groups in tissue eosinophil counts in each segment of GI tract except for the esophagus (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed in tissue eosinophil counts in the ascending, sigmoid colon, and rectum between EGID and IBD (p < 0.05). Peripheral and tissue eosinophils in the stomach and duodenum revealed positive correlation in both EGID and IBD (both p < 0.001)., Conclusion: Elevated eosinophil-related markers, as well as increased tissue eosinophilic infiltration in the affected areas of the GI tract in both IBD and EGID compared to FAPD, suggest that eosinophils might play a common important role in the pathogeneses of both diseases., (© 2023 European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.)

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Leech RD, Grunseit A, and Edwards KL. Self-report and contemporaneously recorded running agreement in recreational athletes. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1922–1929, 2022—Accurate assessment of running exposure in research or clinical practice relies on the ability to measure the behavior validly and reliably. Self-reported physical activity (PA) (including running), although commonly used, is subject to bias. User-owned wearable technological devices provide a potential contemporaneously collected data source for validating retrospective running-specific questionnaires. This study assesses agreement between self-reported running and contemporaneously collected running data. Self-reported running and corresponding contemporaneously recorded for current (at the time of questionnaire completion) and historical (6 months prior) was collected. Concordance Correlations and Bland-Altman Limits of Agreement measured extent of agreement. Categories for Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) hours per week were calculated from total running distance. Unweighted and weighted Kappas were used to compare classification of levels of running by the 2 data sources. Running data were collected from 139 subjects (mean age 51.1 years). Self-report data were higher than contemporaneous data. Average estimated pace from both sources were similar, with high variance in some individuals. Differences of 43.5–57.1% were reported for current mean weekly running distances for 7-day, 4-week, and 12-week running periods. The level of agreement in classification between self-report and contemporaneous running data MET/HR categories was fair (unweighted K = 0.24–0.33) to moderate (weighted K = 0.46–0.63). Compared with contemporaneous running data, runners over-estimate the frequency, distance, and duration of running in self-report. Runners tend to discount nonrunning periods and unusual runs when estimating current and historical "average" running. The opportunities and limitations of different contemporaneous running data collection methods as a PA comparator must be acknowledged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]