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Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Using data from the D.C. Cohort Longitudinal HIV Study, we examined (a) diagnosed mental health and (b) cardiovascular, pulmonary, or cancer (CPC) comorbidity among adults with HIV who smoked. Among 8,581 adults, 4,273 (50%) smoked; 49% of smokers had mental health, and 13% of smokers had a CPC comorbidity. Among smokers, non-Hispanic Black participants had a lower risk for mental health (prevalence ratio [PR]: 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.62–0.76]) but a higher risk for CPC (PR: 1.17; 95% CI [0.84–1.62]) comorbidity. Male participants had a lower risk for mental health (PR: 0.88; 95% CI [0.81–0.94]) and CPC (PR: 0.68; 95% CI [0.57–0.81]) comorbidity. All metrics of socioeconomic status were associated with a mental health comorbidity, but only housing status was associated with a CPC comorbidity. We did not find any association with substance use. Gender, socioeconomic factors, and race/ethnicity should inform clinical care and the development of smoking cessation strategies for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: Research and theory provide initial support for the potential utility in distinguishing between recurrent and single episode MDD smokers for cessation treatment. However, no study to date has examined differences in clinical presentation at the outset of treatment among these two groups and whether these clinical profiles are indicative of early cessation failure (smoking on quit day). METHODS: In a secondary analysis of a sample of 179 smokers entering cessation treatment, we examined baseline differences in dysfunctional attitudes, maladaptive coping, self-efficacy to manage negative affect, depressive symptoms, depressed mood, and experienced pleasure from life events between smokers with a history of recurrent major depression (MDD-R; 54.7%) and single episode major depression (MDD-S). RESULTS: Results showed that MDD-R smokers reported lower self-efficacy to cope with negative affect, greater depressive symptoms, and greater depressed mood than MDD-S smokers, although no differences were found on dysfunctional attitudes, avoidance coping, and level of experienced pleasure from daily life events. A greater number of MDD-R compared to MDD-S smokers were not abstinent on their quit day, however a history of recurrent MDD did not increase risk for early cessation failure. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that although depressed mood, negative affect-regulation ability, and depression severity distinguish recurrent and single episode MDD smokers at the start of cessation treatment, these differences do not necessarily portend greater risk for cessation failure in the early stages of treatment.