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Purpose: The aim of this study was to understand the serum metabolomic signatures of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior, and further associate their metabolomic signatures with incident cardiometabolic diseases., Methods: This analysis included 2711 US Hispanics/Latinos from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) aged 18-74 yr (2008-2011). An untargeted, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to profile the serum metabolome. The associations of metabolites with accelerometer-measured MVPA and sedentary time were examined using survey linear regressions adjusting for covariates. The weighted correlation network analysis identified modules of correlated metabolites in relation to sedentary time, and the modules were associated with incident diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension over the 6-yr follow-up., Results: Of 624 metabolites, 5 and 102 were associated with MVPA and sedentary behavior at false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05, respectively, after adjusting for socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. The weighted correlation network analysis identified 8 modules from 102 metabolites associated with sedentary time. Four modules (branched-chain amino acids, erythritol, polyunsaturated fatty acid, creatine) were positively, and the other four (acyl choline, plasmalogen glycerol phosphatidyl choline, plasmalogen glycerol phosphatidyl ethanolamine, urea cycle) were negatively correlated with sedentary time. Among these modules, a higher branched-chain amino acid score and a lower plasmalogen glycerol phosphatidyl choline score were associated with increased risks of diabetes and dyslipidemia. A higher erythritol score was associated with an increased risk of diabetes, and a lower acyl choline score was linked to an increased risk of hypertension., Conclusions: In this study of US Hispanics/Latinos, we identified multiple serum metabolomic signatures of sedentary behavior and their associations with risk of incident diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. These findings suggest a potential role of circulating metabolites in the links between sedentary behavior and cardiometabolic diseases., (Copyright © 2023 by the American College of Sports Medicine.)

Unlabelled: We evaluated the relationship of either the infusion time or the plasma morphine concentrations on the magnitude of acute tolerance to morphine analgesia. Male New Zealand White rabbits were randomly allocated to one of four groups. Group 1 received an IV bolus of morphine 40 mg followed by an infusion at 20 mg/h for 8 h. Group 2 received a 20-mg morphine bolus followed by an infusion at 10 mg/h. Group 3 received a 10-mg morphine bolus followed by an infusion at 5 mg/h. Group 4 received a saline bolus and infusion. Analgesia was determined by the paw-pressure test, and the plasma concentrations of morphine were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. We found that the plasma concentrations of morphine were maintained at a steady-state between 2 and 8 h after the morphine administration. However, from 2 to 8 h after the morphine infusion, the longer the infusion time was, the less the analgesic effect remained. Furthermore, the magnitude of acute tolerance was significantly correlated to the duration of morphine infusion (r = 0.93; P < 0.01) but not the different steady-state plasma morphine concentrations. We conclude that the magnitude of morphine tolerance is significantly correlated to the duration of infusion but not the different steady-state plasma morphine concentrations., Implications: We evaluated the relationship of either the infusion time or the plasma morphine concentrations on the magnitude of acute tolerance to morphine analgesia in rabbits. We found that the magnitude of morphine tolerance is significantly correlated to the duration of infusion but not to the different steady-state plasma morphine concentrations.

Unlabelled: Dexamethasone is an effective antiemetic drug, but the efficacy of small-dose dexamethasone 5 mg on the prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy has not been evaluated. We, therefore, evaluated the prophylactic effect of small-dose dexamethasone (5 mg) on PONV in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Tropisetron and saline served as controls. One-hundred-twenty patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. At the induction of anesthesia, the Dexamethasone group received IV dexamethasone 5 mg, the Tropisetron group received IV tropisetron 2 mg, and the Placebo group received IV saline. We found that both dexamethasone and tropisetron significantly decreased the following variables: the total incidence of PONV (P < 0.01), more than four vomiting episodes (P < 0.05), and the proportions of patients requiring rescue antiemetics (P < 0.05). The differences between the Dexamethasone and Tropisetron groups were not significant. We conclude that prophylactic IV dexamethasone 5 mg significantly reduces the incidence of PONV in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. At this dose, dexamethasone is as effective as tropisetron 2 mg and is more effective than placebo., Implications: We evaluated the prophylactic effect of small-dose dexamethasone (5 mg) on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Tropisetron (2 mg) and saline served as controls. We found that dexamethasone 5 mg (IV) significantly reduced the incidence of PONV in these patients, and, at this dose, dexamethasone was as effective as tropisetron and was more effective than placebo.