1. Systematic model of peripheral inflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Author
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Suhas Bajgur, Liang Zhu, Sungho Ahn, Jude P.J. Savarraj, Kaushik Parsha, Tiffany R. Chang, Kiwon Lee, Georgene W. Hergenroeder, Dong H. Kim, H. Alex Choi, and Yin Liu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Time Factors ,Neuroimmunomodulation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Models, Neurological ,Inflammation ,Severity of Illness Index ,Article ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Cluster Analysis ,Humans ,CCL11 ,Retrospective Studies ,Immunoassay ,biology ,business.industry ,Growth factor ,Interleukin ,Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ,030104 developmental biology ,Cytokine ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Disease Progression ,Cytokines ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Platelet-derived growth factor receptor ,Biomarkers ,Blood Chemical Analysis - Abstract
Objective:To investigate inflammatory processes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) with network models.Methods:This is a retrospective observational study of serum samples from 45 participants with aSAH analyzed at multiple predetermined time points: Results:Network models revealed that systematic inflammatory activity peaks at 24 to 48 hours after the bleed. Individual cytokine levels changed significantly over time, exhibiting increasing, decreasing, and peaking trends. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, soluble CD40 ligand, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increased over time. Colony-stimulating factor (CSF) 3, interleukin (IL)-13, and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand decreased over time. IL-6, IL-5, and IL-15 peaked and decreased. Some cytokines with insignificant trends show high correlations with other cytokines and vice versa. Many correlated cytokine clusters, including a platelet-derived factor cluster and an endothelial growth factor cluster, were observed at all times. Participants with higher clinical severity at admission had elevated levels of several proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, CCL2, CCL11, CSF3, IL-8, IL-10, CX3CL1, and TNF-α, compared to those with lower clinical severity.Conclusions:Combining reductionist and systematic techniques may lead to a better understanding of the underlying complexities of the inflammatory reaction after aSAH.
- Published
- 2017