1. INCREASED SERUM LEVELS OF UREA AND CREATININE ARE SURROGATE MARKERS FOR DISRUPTION OF RETINAL PHOTORECEPTOR EXTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE AND INNER SEGMENT ELLIPSOID ZONE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.
- Author
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Saxena S, Ruia S, Prasad S, Jain A, Mishra N, Natu SM, Meyer CH, Gilhotra JS, Kruzliak P, and Akduman L
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Biomarkers blood, Case-Control Studies, Diabetic Retinopathy physiopathology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate pathology, Retinal Diseases, Severity of Illness Index, Creatinine blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 pathology, Diabetic Retinopathy blood, Diabetic Retinopathy pathology, Epiretinal Membrane pathology, Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Inner Segment pathology, Urea blood
- Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the role of serum urea and creatinine as surrogate markers for disruption of retinal photoreceptor external limiting membrane (ELM) and inner segment ellipsoid zone (EZ) in Type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, for the first time., Methods: One hundred and seventeen consecutive cases of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes without retinopathy [No DR; n = 39], nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy [NPDR; n = 39], proliferative diabetic retinopathy [PDR; n = 39]) and 40 healthy control subjects were included. Serum levels of urea and creatinine were assessed using standard protocol. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was used to grade the disruption of ELM and EZ as follows: Grade 0, no disruption of ELM and EZ; Grade 1, ELM disrupted, EZ intact; Grade 2, ELM and EZ disrupted. Data were analyzed statistically., Results: Increase in serum levels of urea (F = 22.93) and creatinine (F = 15.82) and increased grades of disruption of ELM and EZ (γ = 116.3) were observed with increased severity of DR (P < 0.001). Increase in serum levels of urea (F = 10.45) and creatinine (F = 6.89) was observed with increased grades of disruption of ELM and EZ (P = 0.001)., Conclusion: Serum levels of urea and creatinine are surrogate markers for disruption of retinal photoreceptor ELM and EZ on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in DR.
- Published
- 2017
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