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Purpose: The Athlete Food Choice Questionnaire (AFCQ) is a novel tool for understanding factors influencing athlete food selection and providing context to nutrition knowledge and diet quality data. Reliability, face, and content validity have been previously established during development. The aim of this study is to evaluate the AFCQ's factorial structure, reliability, and construct validity in an independent sample of international high-performance athletes. Methods: The AFCQ contains 36 items within nine factors. Participants rate how frequently (1 never to 5 always) items influence their choices. Model consistency and construct validity was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis. Measures included model fit incidences and duplicate methods examining reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity. Results: Athletes (n = 232) at the 2018 Commonwealth Games, Gold Coast, Australia, completed the AFCQ. A modified 32-item model achieved discriminant validity for all factors and convergent validity for "emotional influence," "food and health awareness," "nutritional attributes of food," "performance," and "influence of others." Reliability measures of all constructs except "usual eating practice" and "food values and beliefs" were above acceptable thresholds, although "usual eating practice" was considered tolerable and conditionally accepted. Conclusion: The AFCQ was confirmed in its original nine-factor structure in an independent sample of high-performance athletes. This provides a detailed and transparent account of the construct validity of the AFCQ, adding to the foundation of evidence for this new instrument. The AFCQ captures the unique influences specific to athletes while being broad enough for application across diverse sporting and culturally mixed cohorts. This tool could assist sports science professionals in making more informed and effective decisions around strategies to support athletes, including the ability to triage for specific sports nutrition advice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Self-management is one of the vital elements in diabetes management for adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although the number of people with T2DM in Indonesia has risen, clinical understanding of the problems related to practicing diabetes self-management (DSM) is limited because of the lack of a valid measurement instrument. The 35-item Diabetes Self-Management Instrument (DSMI-35) is one instrument widely used in research to assess DSM-related behavior among patients with diabetes. Purpose: This study was designed to translate the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the DSMI-35 and evaluate the efficacy of this instrument in a sample of Indonesian adults with T2DM. Methods: Forward and backward translation processes were used to translate the DSMI-35 into Indonesian (IDN-DSMI). Then, the translation equivalence, content validity, face validity, construct validity, and internal consistency were assessed using a sample of 222 Indonesian adults with T2DM from eight public health centers. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the data. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the 35 items all had acceptable goodness of fit. Although the analysis supported removing several of the items, removal of these items was not theoretically justified. The average variance extracted was acceptable, and composite reliability was satisfied. The Cronbach's alpha was .96 for the IDN-DSMI and .84--.93 for the subscales. The significant interitem correlations between some items were consistent with the findings of other previous studies. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The IDN-DSMI is a valid and reliable instrument that may be used to measure DSM behavior in Indonesian patients with T2DM in primary healthcare settings [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Radiographic neuroimaging in minor pediatric head injuries contains risks of radiation-induced malignancy. The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) head injury protocol identifies headinjured children who are at very low risk of clinically important traumatic brain injuries and can safely not receive a head computed tomography (CT) scan. Local problem: The identified urgent care facility had no facility-wide protocol to manage head injuries. Methods: The purpose of the evidence-based practice project was to educate health care providers on the risks of indiscriminate head CT prescription and the utility of the PECARN head injury protocol in the management of minor pediatric head injuries. Interventions: A knowledge assessment was conducted using pre- and posttests and the likelihood to adopt the PECARN head injury protocol in clinical practice was evaluated using the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale. Additionally, rates of head CT scans ordered that were inappropriate according to the PECARN head injury protocol were calculated postproject and compared with preproject rates. Results: Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Findings included increase in provider knowledge on the use of the PECARN head injury protocol and high likelihood of intent to adopt the PECARN head injury protocol in clinical practice. In addition, rates of head CT prescription postproject were lower than preproject rates, and 82.61% of CT scans ordered postproject were appropriate according to the PECARN head injury protocol. Conclusions: Using the PECARN head injury protocol was associated with consistency of care, reduced unnecessary health care resource utilization, and health care costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence indicates that breast cancer survivors with reproductive concerns have a poorer quality of life than survivors without fertility concerns. There is a lack of reliable and valid assessments of fertility intention among breast cancer survivors. Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Fertility Intention Scale (FIS) that is sensitive to the fertility intention of women with breast cancer. Methods: A literature review and a qualitative study were conducted to generate the items in the scale. Content validity was evaluated by 15 experts, and face validity was assessed by 10 patients with cancer. Factor analysis was used to assess construct validity, and criterion validity was evaluated using two percentile items of fertility willingness. We developed and examined the validity and reliability of the FIS using a sample of 178 patients with breast cancer who had completed chemotherapy. Results: The Cronbach's alpha calculated for the FIS (15 items) was .88. The factor analysis performed for the construct validity of the scale identified four factors that accounted for approximately 68.72% of the total variance. These four factors were pregnancy risk, disease control, social support, and happiness. There was a significant correlation between the total FIS and the level of desiring fertility preservation or pregnancy. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The FIS has acceptable reliability, content validity, and construct validity. This scale is appropriate for use in research and clinical practice settings to evaluate the risk--benefit perceptions of pregnancy in patients with breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The faculty of nursing schools plays an important role in the successful execution of nursing education. Therefore, faculty behavior strongly affects the professional development of nurses. However, few studies have examined professional nursing behaviors from the perspective of nursing faculty. Purpose: Members of nursing faculty in Japan were surveyed regarding their perspectives on behaviors related to professionalism. Methods: The model, Miller's Wheel of Professionalism in Nursing, was used as the theoretical framework. The Behavioral Inventory for Professionalism in Nursing (BIPN) was completed by 74 full-time nursing faculty who were currently working at 10 institutes of nursing education in Japan. Results: The mean BIPN score for the participants was 11.56 (SD = 6.08) of a possible total of 27. The highest and lowest BIPN category scores were for "research development, use, and evaluation" and "community service," respectively. Professionalism was found to relate significantly to higher educational preparation (F = 32.17, p < .0001). The Tukey--Kramer multiple comparison test found a significant association between having a graduate degree and higher scores for professionalism (p < .0001). The Spearman correlation coefficient was significant and positive for the relationship between professionalism and both educational preparation (r = .85, p < .0001) and number of years as a nursing educator (r = .31, p = .0077). Conclusions: The results support the idea that a higher level of educational preparation and more years of experience as a member of a nursing faculty are associated with higher levels of nursing professionalism. The professional behavior scores suggest that "community service" is an issue that requires further improvement among Japanese nursing faculty. Awareness of extrinsic factors such as education is important to maximize nursing professionalism. The findings of this study may help nursing faculty continue their self-development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Assessment of efficacy of continuous professional development is an important part of continuing professional development programing as one of its goals is to increase the performance of the clinicians that serve the community. A frequently used and researched classification system for skill mastery is the Dreyfus and Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition. An alternative approach is the core competency framework that informs the assessment of residents and forms the foundation of the American Board of Medical Specialties Program for Maintenance of Certification. There are a number of methods of assessment of each competence. One of the most broadly employed and researched methods is a multisource assessment (360°) methodology. Methods: Three hundred sixty-degree data were collected from 264 raters of physicians holding supervisory roles. Raters included the physicians' leaders, peers, and support/reports. The scale items were taken from an instrument developed for the assessment of interpersonal and communications skills, professionalism, and system-based practice. The Dreyfus scale was purposely built for this application. Results: The Dreyfus scale was reduced to a single dimension, and raters assigned their score on that dimension as the indicator of their assessment of the physician's level of mastery. Results of a multivariate analysis of variance indicated a significant relationship between Dreyfus mastery score and competency items (P < .0001). Discussion: These findings demonstrate a relationship between a measure of Dreyfus skill acquisition and measures based on the American Board of Medical Specialties/Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education six core competency framework. Results have implication for continuing professional development design and assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The nursing shortage in medical institutions in Taiwan averaged 9% in 2012, considerably higher than the 5% indicated in the literature. As a result, many hospitals have been forced to close wards or reduce beds. Despite the acute need, the percentage of registered nurses who are employed as nurses in Taiwan (60.4%) is considerably lower than those in Canada or the United States. This low rate may be because of the poor working environment for nurses in Taiwan. Purpose: This study aimed to develop a set of nursing work environment quality indicators for Taiwan and to test the reliability and validity of the resulting survey tool. Methods: Multiple methods were used in this study. In Phase 1, we organized an expert panel, reviewed the literature, and conducted seven rounds of expert panel discussion and six focus group discussions with nursing directors. The goal was to draft indicators representing a quality nursing work environment to fit current conditions in Taiwan. In Phase 2,we conducted an expert review for content validity, held three public hearings, and conducted a survey. Four hundred twenty-seven questionnaires were sent out, with 381 returned. The goal was to test the content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency reliability. Results: The study produced a set of indicators of a quality nursing work environment with eight dimensions and 65 items. The content validity index for importance and suitability dimensions were 1.0,whereas the internal consistency was 0.91. The eight dimensions were safe practice environment (16 items), quality and quantity of staff (four items), salary and welfare (seven items), professional specialization and teamwork (seven items), work simplification (five items), informatics (five items), career development (nine items), and support and caring (12 items). The overall load for the indicators was 77.57%. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The developed indicators may be used to evaluate the quality of nursing work environments. Furthermore, the indicators may be used in hospital surveys to establish baseline conditions and for outcome research that measures improvement in nursing work environments after interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To ensure the quality of patient care, the bioavailability of drugs, and the success of the treatment, it is imperative that nurses evaluate the adherence of patients to pharmaceutical treatments using standard measurement tools that are integrated into the treatment process. No scale that uses psychometric analyses to evaluate this adherence in patients who are on oral chemotherapy is currently available. Purpose: This study developed and tested the validity and reliability of a Turkish version of the standardized Oral Chemotherapy Adherence Scale (OCAS), a tool that may be used by healthcare personnel to better evaluate patient adherence to their therapies. Methods: We developed and examined the validity and reliability of the OCAS using a sample of 306 patients with cancer who were receiving oral chemotherapy. A literature review was conducted to generate the items. An expert panel evaluated content validity; preimplementation was used to evaluate face validity, factor analysis was used to evaluate construct validity, and criterion validity was evaluated using the Medication Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale. Results: The Cronbach's alpha calculated for OCAS (19 items) was .738. A highly significant and positive correlation was observed between the test--retest scores of the participants. A positive significant correlation was observed between the total scores of the participants obtained from OCAS and Medication Adherence Self- Efficacy Scale. As a result of the factor analysis performed for the construct validity of the scale, three factors were defined that accounted for approximately 43% of the total variance. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The OCAS has acceptable psychometric properties and is appropriate for use in research and clinical practice settings to evaluate patient adherence to their therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents findings of a study to develop and psychometrically test the Energy Retention Behavior Scale for Children (ERB-C scale) to help health professionals comprehensively assess the energy retention behavior of children. Energy retention causes obesity, so the scale was formed that showed satisfactory validity and reliability.

The article focuses on a study conducted in Taiwan which aims to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI-P). Topics include comprehensive and high-quality nursing care, critical care nursing and correlation between the total score for the instrument and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory criterion.

Background: Multidisciplinary healthcare providers, especially clinical nurses, lack a valid tool to assess the comprehensive barriers affecting oncofertility care in breast cancer treatment. Purpose: The aims of the research were to develop a self-assessment scale on oncofertility barriers and test its validity and reliability. Methods : This was a methodological study. The initial 36 items of the developed Oncofertility Barrier Scale (OBS) were generated through qualitative study and a review of the literature. This scale was further refined using expert validity (n = 10), face validity (n = 10), and item analysis (n = 184). Exploratory factor analysis with principal axis factoring and direct oblimin rotation was used to determine the construct validity. The reliability of the OBS was evaluated using internal consistency and test-retest analyses. Results : The mean item-level and scale-level content validity indices of the initial OBS were higher than.96. The data were shown to be feasible for the factor analysis, and a six-factor solution was chosen that accounted for approximately 57.6% of the total variance. These factors included (a) lack of information and education, (b) rigid thinking toward oncofertility care, (c) cancer patient stereotypes, (d) fertility risk, (e) insufficient support, and (f) interrupted oncofertility care. The Cronbach's alpha of the 27-item OBS was.91, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was.55. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The final version of the developed OBS has acceptable reliability, content validity, and construct validity. This scale is appropriate for use in research and clinical practice settings to identify the barriers to fertility cancer care that should be resolved by the breast cancer care team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Self-management is one of the vital elements in diabetes management for adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although the number of people with T2DM in Indonesia has risen, clinical understanding of the problems related to practicing diabetes self-management (DSM) is limited because of the lack of a valid measurement instrument. The 35-item Diabetes Self-Management Instrument (DSMI-35) is one instrument widely used in research to assess DSM-related behavior among patients with diabetes. Purpose: This study was designed to translate the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the DSMI-35 and evaluate the efficacy of this instrument in a sample of Indonesian adults with T2DM. Methods: Forward and backward translation processes were used to translate the DSMI-35 into Indonesian (IDN-DSMI). Then, the translation equivalence, content validity, face validity, construct validity, and internal consistency were assessed using a sample of 222 Indonesian adults with T2DM from eight public health centers. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the data. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the 35 items all had acceptable goodness of fit. Although the analysis supported removing several of the items, removal of these items was not theoretically justified. The average variance extracted was acceptable, and composite reliability was satisfied. The Cronbach's alpha was.96 for the IDN-DSMI and.84–.93 for the subscales. The significant interitem correlations between some items were consistent with the findings of other previous studies. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The IDN-DSMI is a valid and reliable instrument that may be used to measure DSM behavior in Indonesian patients with T2DM in primary healthcare settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important concept in patients with cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI). Disease-specific tools offer valuable insights into the impact of a disease on various aspects of a patient's life. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the MacNew Heart Disease HRQoL Questionnaire (Korean MacNew). Methods: One hundred thirty-six patients who had experienced MI about 3 months earlier were recruited from two tertiary hospitalsin South Korea. The internal consistency and various types of validity of the Korean MacNew were assessed. Exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation was performed to identify a better structure for this instrument. Results: The internal consistency of the Korean MacNew was established with Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from.88 to.93. Face validity and construct validity (both discriminant and concurrent) of the Korean MacNew were established. Strong positive correlations were found between the total Korean MacNew and the single-item global QoL scale (r =.73, p <.001). As expected, the total Korean MacNew also had strong negative correlations with the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (r = −.81, p <.001) and the single-item fatigue scale (r = −.51, p <.001). The outcomes of exploratory factor analysis showed a better result with the five-factor structure in the Korean MacNew. Conclusions: The Korean MacNew showed consistently acceptable psychometric properties of reliability and validity in patients with MI. Therefore, this instrument may be recommended for assessing the HRQoL of patients with MI in Korea. However, caution should be taken in using the subscale scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rewarding is a powerful way to recognize, manage, and retain staff. However, the perceptions of registered nurses (RNs) toward rewarding have not yet been extensively examined in nursing studies. It is important to identify optimal and potentially innovative ways to reward RNs by taking their perceptions into consideration. Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically test the Registered Nurses' Perceptions of Rewarding Scale (RNREWS). Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. The scale was developed in the three phases of item generation, content validity testing, and examination of psychometric properties. Tests of the scale included evaluation of content validity, exploratory factor analysis, parallel analysis, and internal consistency tests using Cronbach's alpha. Survey participants included 402 RNs working in Finnish healthcare in Autumn 2015. Results: The RNREWS was found to have acceptable construct validity and good internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that a 66-item scale with a 14-factor structure fits the data best. The final scale includes two subscales. The first is "reward type preferences" with 61 items covering 13 factors, and the second is "significance of rewarding" with five items covering one factor. The two sets of items accounted for 73.1% and 58.5% of the variance in responses and earned Cronbach's α values of.90 and.80, respectively. Conclusions: The RNREWS is a valid and reliable instrument for acquiring knowledge regarding the perspective of RNs on rewarding in the nursing context. The results enhance the understanding of the range of rewards that may be implemented in the nursing profession and may assist human resources managers and administrators to formulate effective reward systems for their RNs to improve the rewarding and retention of nursing professionals. However, cultural equivalence and linguistic differences must be considered if this scale is to be applied in other countries or environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important concept in patients with cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI). Disease-specific tools offer valuable insights into the impact of a disease on various aspects of a patient's life. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the MacNew Heart Disease HRQoL Questionnaire (Korean MacNew). Methods: One hundred thirty-six patients who had experienced MI about 3 months earlier were recruited from two tertiary hospitalsin South Korea. The internal consistency and various types of validity of the Korean MacNew were assessed. Exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation was performed to identify a better structure for this instrument. Results: The internal consistency of the Korean MacNew was established with Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from.88 to.93. Face validity and construct validity (both discriminant and concurrent) of the Korean MacNew were established. Strong positive correlations were found between the total Korean MacNew and the single-item global QoL scale (r =.73, p <.001). As expected, the total Korean MacNew also had strong negative correlations with the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (r = −.81, p <.001) and the single-item fatigue scale (r = −.51, p <.001). The outcomes of exploratory factor analysis showed a better result with the five-factor structure in the Korean MacNew. Conclusions: The Korean MacNew showed consistently acceptable psychometric properties of reliability and validity in patients with MI. Therefore, this instrument may be recommended for assessing the HRQoL of patients with MI in Korea. However, caution should be taken in using the subscale scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]