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Background: Evidence indicates that breast cancer survivors with reproductive concerns have a poorer quality of life than survivors without fertility concerns. There is a lack of reliable and valid assessments of fertility intention among breast cancer survivors. Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Fertility Intention Scale (FIS) that is sensitive to the fertility intention of women with breast cancer. Methods: A literature review and a qualitative study were conducted to generate the items in the scale. Content validity was evaluated by 15 experts, and face validity was assessed by 10 patients with cancer. Factor analysis was used to assess construct validity, and criterion validity was evaluated using two percentile items of fertility willingness. We developed and examined the validity and reliability of the FIS using a sample of 178 patients with breast cancer who had completed chemotherapy. Results: The Cronbach's alpha calculated for the FIS (15 items) was .88. The factor analysis performed for the construct validity of the scale identified four factors that accounted for approximately 68.72% of the total variance. These four factors were pregnancy risk, disease control, social support, and happiness. There was a significant correlation between the total FIS and the level of desiring fertility preservation or pregnancy. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The FIS has acceptable reliability, content validity, and construct validity. This scale is appropriate for use in research and clinical practice settings to evaluate the risk--benefit perceptions of pregnancy in patients with breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The nursing shortage in medical institutions in Taiwan averaged 9% in 2012, considerably higher than the 5% indicated in the literature. As a result, many hospitals have been forced to close wards or reduce beds. Despite the acute need, the percentage of registered nurses who are employed as nurses in Taiwan (60.4%) is considerably lower than those in Canada or the United States. This low rate may be because of the poor working environment for nurses in Taiwan. Purpose: This study aimed to develop a set of nursing work environment quality indicators for Taiwan and to test the reliability and validity of the resulting survey tool. Methods: Multiple methods were used in this study. In Phase 1, we organized an expert panel, reviewed the literature, and conducted seven rounds of expert panel discussion and six focus group discussions with nursing directors. The goal was to draft indicators representing a quality nursing work environment to fit current conditions in Taiwan. In Phase 2,we conducted an expert review for content validity, held three public hearings, and conducted a survey. Four hundred twenty-seven questionnaires were sent out, with 381 returned. The goal was to test the content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency reliability. Results: The study produced a set of indicators of a quality nursing work environment with eight dimensions and 65 items. The content validity index for importance and suitability dimensions were 1.0,whereas the internal consistency was 0.91. The eight dimensions were safe practice environment (16 items), quality and quantity of staff (four items), salary and welfare (seven items), professional specialization and teamwork (seven items), work simplification (five items), informatics (five items), career development (nine items), and support and caring (12 items). The overall load for the indicators was 77.57%. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The developed indicators may be used to evaluate the quality of nursing work environments. Furthermore, the indicators may be used in hospital surveys to establish baseline conditions and for outcome research that measures improvement in nursing work environments after interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents findings of a study to develop and psychometrically test the Energy Retention Behavior Scale for Children (ERB-C scale) to help health professionals comprehensively assess the energy retention behavior of children. Energy retention causes obesity, so the scale was formed that showed satisfactory validity and reliability.

Background: Multidisciplinary healthcare providers, especially clinical nurses, lack a valid tool to assess the comprehensive barriers affecting oncofertility care in breast cancer treatment. Purpose: The aims of the research were to develop a self-assessment scale on oncofertility barriers and test its validity and reliability. Methods : This was a methodological study. The initial 36 items of the developed Oncofertility Barrier Scale (OBS) were generated through qualitative study and a review of the literature. This scale was further refined using expert validity (n = 10), face validity (n = 10), and item analysis (n = 184). Exploratory factor analysis with principal axis factoring and direct oblimin rotation was used to determine the construct validity. The reliability of the OBS was evaluated using internal consistency and test-retest analyses. Results : The mean item-level and scale-level content validity indices of the initial OBS were higher than.96. The data were shown to be feasible for the factor analysis, and a six-factor solution was chosen that accounted for approximately 57.6% of the total variance. These factors included (a) lack of information and education, (b) rigid thinking toward oncofertility care, (c) cancer patient stereotypes, (d) fertility risk, (e) insufficient support, and (f) interrupted oncofertility care. The Cronbach's alpha of the 27-item OBS was.91, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was.55. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The final version of the developed OBS has acceptable reliability, content validity, and construct validity. This scale is appropriate for use in research and clinical practice settings to identify the barriers to fertility cancer care that should be resolved by the breast cancer care team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]