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PURPOSE: Appropriate fluid intake is important to offset water losses induced by physical activity. However, limited research has investigated the relationships between physical activity and fluid intake in free living individuals. To assess the associations between objective and subjective measures of physical activity, reported fluid intake, and urinary hydration biomarkers in free living emerging adults. METHODS: Thirty-four participants (44% female; age, 23±4 years; height, 172.9±10.3cm; body mass, 77.2±18.1kg; body fat, 18.4± 8.4%) provided a 24h urine sample across seven consecutive days for measures of urine volume (UVOL), urine osmolality (UOSMO), urine specific gravity (USG) and urine color (UCOL). A validated fluid log was used to record fluid intake each day, where fluid intake was segmented into morning (waking - noon), afternoon (noon - 5pm) and evening (5pm - sleep). Physical activity was objectively assessed using wrist-worn actigraphy and analyzed using standard cutoffs. Subjective assessment of physical activity quantified day-level physical activity and was measured by MET-minutes. RESULTS: Over 7 consecutive days, participants participated in 16.97±23.42 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and 677.89±702.62 MET-minutes of activity per day. Mean 7-day fluid consumption was 2551±1056mL and corresponding mean 7-day UVOL, UOSMO, USG, and UCOL was 1699±865mL, 567±210 mOsm/kg, 1.020±0.010 AU, and 3.9±1.0 AU, respectively. Increased MVPA (adj R² = 0.114, p = 0.044) and increased total MET-minutes (adj R² = 0.192, p = 0.005) was associated with decreased 24 h USG. Greater morning and evening fluid consumption was associated with increased 24h UVOL (adj R² = 0.589, P = 0.02; P < 0.0001). Greater evening fluid intake was associated with lower 24h UOSMO (adj R² = 0.331, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing day-level physical activity in addition to consuming a greater volume of fluids in the morning and evening improved hydration status as reflected by 24h urinary hydration variables. Further work is needed to explore the associations between physical activity and timing of the fluids consumed. Grant or Funding Information: This study was funded by a University of North Carolina at Greensboro Office of Research Engagement New Faculty Grant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited evidence exists examining the manipulation of total body water on inflammatory biomarkers in free-living emerging adults. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of partial and full fluid restriction on inflammatory biomarkers in males and females. METHODS: Thirty-one participants (42% female; age, 23±4 y; mass, 78.2±17.3 kg; height, 173.2±9.9 cm; body fat, 18.2±8.7%) provided a 24 h measure of urine volume (UVOL) and urine osmolality (UOSM), 24 h dietary and fluid intake record, and fasted blood draw for two consecutive days. Following measure of nude body mass (NBM) and blood draw on day 1, participants underwent a 2 h sauna exposure (41°C, 50% RH) and were randomly assigned to one of three groups; control (CON) where females and males consumed 2.0 and 2.5L of water, respectively, partial fluid restriction (PART) where water consumption matched sauna sweat losses, and full fluid restriction (FULL) where participants were restricted from consuming fluids prior to day 2. Blood samples were analyzed for c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interferon gamma (IFN-y), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) and copeptin, a surrogate for arginine vasopressin. RESULTS: On day 2, percent body mass loss in PART (MD [95%CI]; 1.2% [0.2, 2.1], p=0.013) and FULL (1.4% [0.45, 2.5], p=0.004) were significantly greater than CON (0.0±0.5%). Higher UOSM (p=0.001) and copeptin (p<0.001), and lower UVOL(P=0.008) were observed in PART and FULL compared to CON. CRP was significantly lower in CON (estimate [95%CI]; - 7.35 pg/mL [-4.81, -13.13], p=0.011) than PART, however there were no differences between CON (1.82±1.55 pg/mL) and FULL (3.93±6.17 pg/mL, p>005). IL-8 was significantly greater in FULL (estimate, 3.12 pg/mL [0.49, 5.72], p=0.021) than PART. There were no differences in IL-6, IL-10, IFN-y, or TNF-a between groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Partial and full fluid restriction over 24 h produced significant changes in circulating concentrations of CRP and IL-8, however, these differences were not consistent between hydration groups. Twenty-four-hour changes in total fluid intake eliciting mild hypohydration (<1.5% body mass loss) may be insufficient to cause a sustained systemic inflammatory response in free-living emerging adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]