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Background: Concerns persist regarding the effectiveness of robotic proctectomy when compared with open proctectomy for locally advanced rectal cancer with a high risk of circumferential resection margin involvement., Objective: Comparison of surrogate cancer outcomes following robotic versus open proctectomy in this subpopulation., Design: Retrospective cohort study., Setting: Three academic hospitals (Mayo Clinic Arizona, Florida, and Rochester) through the Mayo Data Explorer platform., Patients: Patients at high risk of circumferential resection margin involvement were selected based on the magnetic resonance imaging-based definition from Mercury I and II trials., Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Rate of pathologic circumferential resection margin involvement (≤1 mm), mesorectal grading, rate of distal margin involvement., Results: Out of 413 patients, 125 (30%) underwent open and 288 (70%) robotic proctectomy. Open proctectomy was significantly associated with a greater proportion of cT4 tumors (39.3% vs. 24.8%, p = 0.021), multivisceral/concomitant resections (40.8% vs. 18.4%, p < 0.001) and less frequent total neoadjuvant therapy use (17.1% vs. 47.1%, p = 0.001). Robotic proctectomy was less commonly associated with pathologic circumferential resection margin involvement (7.3% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.002), including after adjustment for cT stage, neoadjuvant therapy, and multivisceral resection (OR 0.326, 95% CI, 0.157-0.670, p = 0.002). Propensity score-matching on 66 patients per group and related multivariable analysis no longer indicated any reduction of circumferential positive margin rate associated with robotic surgery (p = 0.86 and p = 0.18). Mesorectal grading was comparable (incomplete mesorectum in 6% RP patients vs. 11.8% OP patients, p = 0.327). All cases had negative distal resection margins., Limitation: Retrospective design., Conclusion: In patients with locally advanced rectal cancer at high risk of circumferential resection margin involvement, robotic proctectomy is an effective approach and could be pursued when technically possible as an alternative to open proctectomy. See Video Abstract., (Copyright © The ASCRS 2024.)

Background: Ulcerative colitis, total colectomy and tofacitinib have all been associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism., Objective: To determine if preoperative tofacitinib exposure increases venous thromboembolism or other postoperative complications among patients with ulcerative colitis undergoing subtotal colectomy, total colectomy or total proctocolectomy., Design: Retrospective, case-control study at a single institution., Settings: A tertiary referral center., Patients: Adult patients with ulcerative colitis undergoing subtotal colectomy, total colectomy or total proctocolectomy after 2018 who were taking tofacitinib within 30 days of surgery (n = 56) were compared to age and sex-matched patients with ulcerative colitis undergoing the same surgeries but who were not exposed to tofacitinib (n = 56)., Main Outcome Measure: The primary outcome was differences in the incidence of venous thromboembolism within 90 days of surgery based on tofacitinib exposure. Secondary outcomes were 90-day postoperative complications., Results: Groups were well matched for age (non-tofacitinib: mean 35.2 years [SD 12.0], tofacitinib: 35.9 [SD 12.1], p = 0.36) and sex (41% female in each group, p = 1.00). Medical characteristics were similar between groups except for biologic medication exposure 30 days before surgery (non-tofacitinib: 66%, tofacitinib: 36%, p = 0.004). Surgical characteristics did not differ between groups. Most patients were discharged on extended venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (non-tofacitinib: 80% and tofacitinib: 77%). Adjusted for biologic exposure, there were no statistically significant differences in venous thromboembolism (non-tofacitinib exposed: 14%, tofacitinib-exposed: 4%, p = 0.09) or other postoperative outcomes., Limitation: Retrospective, single institutional study., Conclusion: Among patients with ulcerative colitis undergoing total colectomy or proctocolectomy, exposure to tofacitinib was not associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism or other postoperative complications. See Video Abstract., Competing Interests: Financial Disclosures: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons.)

Background: Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis has become the gold standard for treating ulcerative colitis, familial adenomatous polyposis, and selected cases of Crohn's colitis. Robotic surgery promises improved postoperative outcomes and decreased length of stay. However, few studies have evaluated the benefits of robotic ileal pouch-anal anastomosis compared to laparoscopy., Objective: To compare short-term 30-day postoperative outcomes of robotic versus laparoscopic proctectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and diverting loop ileostomy., Design: Retrospective observational study from a single, high-volume center., Settings: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (tertiary referral center for inflammatory bowel disease)., Patients: All adult patients undergoing minimally invasive proctectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and DLI between January 2015 and April 2023., Main Outcome Measures: Thirty-day complications, hospital length of stay, estimated blood loss, conversion rate, 30-day readmission, and 30-day reoperation., Results: Two hundred seventeen patients were included in the study; 107 underwent robotic proctectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and diverting loop ileostomy, while 110 had laparoscopic proctectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and diverting loop ileostomy. Operating time was significantly longer in the robotic group (263 ± 38 minutes versus 228 ± 75 minutes, p < 0.0001); estimated blood loss was lower in the robotic group (81.5 ± 77.7 ml vs. 126.8 ± 111.0 ml, p = 0.0006) as well as the number of conversions (0% versus 8.2%, p = 0.003). Patients in the robotic group received more intraoperative fluids (3099 ± 1140 ml versus 2472 ± 996 ml, p = 0.0001). However, there was no difference in length of stay, 30-day morbidity, 30-day readmission, 30-day reoperation, rate of diverting loop ileostomy closure at three months, and surgical ileal pouch-anal anastomosis complication rate after ileostomy closure., Limitations: Retrospective design, single-center study, potential bias due to the novelty of robotic approach, lack of long-term and quality-of-life outcomes., Conclusions: Robotic proctectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and diverting loop ileostomy may offer advantages in terms of estimated blood loss and conversion rate, while maintaining the benefits of minimally invasive surgery. Further research is needed to evaluate long-term outcomes. See Video Abstract., (Copyright © The ASCRS 2024.)

Background: Using standard anterior approaches, consistent R0 resection of locally advanced primary and recurrent rectal and anal cancer involving the deep pelvic sidewall may be unattainable. Therefore, to improve R0 resection rates, we have used a posterior-first, then anterior 2-stage approach to resection of tumors in this location., Objective: To assess the R0 resection rate and surgical outcomes of the first 10 patients operated on using this approach., Design: We conducted a retrospective case series review of our prospectively maintained surgical pathology and tumor registries., Setting: This study was conducted at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota., Patients: Ten patients (6 female individuals, median age 53.5 years) with primary or recurrent anal or rectal cancer treated with a posterior-first, then anterior 2-stage approach were identified., Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measures were the R0 resection rate and surgical outcomes., Results: An R0 resection was achieved in all 10 patients. Nine patients developed 1 or more 30-day Clavien-Dindo grade III complications. Nine patients developed gluteal wound complications ranging from superficial wound dehiscence to flap necrosis. During the follow-up period, 4 patients were found to have metastatic disease and 1 patient had local re-recurrence., Limitations: Small cohort with heterogeneous tumors and a short follow-up duration., Conclusion: A posterior-first, then anterior 2-stage approach has allowed us to achieve consistent R0 resection margins in locally advanced primary and recurrent rectal and anal cancers involving the deep pelvic sidewall. Poor wound healing of the posterior gluteal incision is a common complication. See Video Abstract., Mejorando Las Tasas De Reseccin R Con Un Abordaje De Dos Etapas Primero Posterior Para La Reseccin En Bloque De Cnceres Anorrectales Primarios Y Recurrentes Localmente Avanzados Que Afectan La Pared Lateral Plvica Profunda: ANTECEDENTES:Utilizando abordajes anteriores estándares, la resección R0 consistente del cáncer de recto y ano primario y recurrente localmente avanzado involucrando la pared lateral pélvica profunda puede ser inalcanzable. Por lo tanto, para mejorar las tasas de resección R0, hemos empleado un abordaje de 2 etapas primero posterior y luego anterior para la resección de tumores en esta ubicación.OBJETIVO:Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la tasa de resección R0 y los resultados quirúrgicos de los primeros 10 pacientes operados con este abordaje.DISEÑO:Realizamos una revisión retrospectiva de series de casos de nuestros registros de patología quirúrgica y tumores mantenidos prospectivamente.AJUSTE:Este estudio se realizó en la Clínica Mayo en Rochester, Minnesota, EE. UU.PACIENTES:Se identificaron diez pacientes (6 mujeres, mediana de edad 53.5 años) con cáncer anal o rectal primario o recurrente tratados con un abordaje de dos etapas, primero posterior y luego anterior.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Las medidas de resultado primarias fueron la tasa de resección R0 y los resultados quirúrgicos.RESULTADOS:Se logró una resección R0 en los 10 pacientes. Nueve pacientes desarrollaron una o más complicaciones de grado III de Clavien-Dindo a los 30 días. Nueve pacientes desarrollaron complicaciones de la herida del glúteo que variaron desde dehiscencia superficial de la herida hasta necrosis del colgajo. Durante el período de seguimiento, se encontró que 4 pacientes tenían enfermedad metastásica y un paciente tuvo recurrencia local.LIMITACIONES:Cohorte pequeño con tumores heterogéneos y corta duración de seguimiento.CONCLUSIÓN:Un abordaje en 2 etapas, primero posterior y luego anterior, nos ha permitido lograr márgenes de resección R0 consistentes en cánceres de recto y anal primarios y recurrentes localmente avanzados que afectan la pared lateral pélvica profunda. La mala cicatrización de la incisión glútea posterior es una complicación común. (Traducción-Dr. Aurian Garcia Gonzalez)., (Copyright © The ASCRS 2023.)

Background: Although the safety of laparoscopic redo ileocolonic resection for Crohn's disease has been described before, the safety of robotic redo ileocolonic resection is still unelucidated., Objective: This study aimed to share our preliminary experience regarding the safety of robotic redo ileocolonic resection for Crohn's disease., Design: Retrospective analysis., Setting: Tertiary care center., Patients: All consecutive adult patients who underwent robotic ileocolonic resection for Crohn's disease at our institution between 2014 and 2021 were included. Patients were divided into redo ileocolonic resection and primary ileocolonic resection groups., Primary Outcome Measures: Baseline demographics, preoperative risk factors, and intraoperative details were compared between both groups. The primary outcome was conversion to an open approach, and secondary outcomes were 30-day postoperative complications., Results: A total of 98 patients were included. Of them, 18 (18.4%) had a redo ileocolonic resection. Patients who had a redo ileocolonic resection were more likely to have a longer duration of disease, associated anoperineal disease, a higher number of previous lines of medical treatments, received total parental nutrition before the operation for correction of malnutrition, and longer time for adhesiolysis. Patients who had redo ileocolonic resection had a higher risk for conversion to open ileocolonic resection [3 (16.7%) versus 2 (2.5%); p value = 0.04]. There was no statistically significant difference regarding the overall length of stay and the 30-day morbidity between both groups. No 30-day mortality or anastomotic leaks occurred in either group., Limitations: Retrospective nature of the analysis., Conclusions: Robotic redo ileocolonic resection showed similar short-term postoperative outcomes to robotic primary ileocolonic resection for Crohn's disease. However, conversion rates are higher in robotic redo ileocolonic resection yet seem lower than previously published results in laparoscopic surgery. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/C77 ., Reseccin Ileoclica Robtica Redo Para La Enfermedad De Crohn Informe Preliminar De Un Centro De Atencin Terciaria: ANTECEDENTES:Si bien la seguridad de la resección ileocolónica laparoscópica para la enfermedad de Crohn se ha descrito antes, la seguridad de la resección ileocolónica robótica aún no se ha dilucidado.OBJETIVO:Este estudio tuvo como objetivo compartir nuestra experiencia preliminar con respecto a la seguridad de la resección ileocolónica robótica para la enfermedad de Crohn.DISEÑO:Análisis retrospectivo.AJUSTE:Centro de atención terciaria.PACIENTES:Se incluyeron todos los pacientes adultos consecutivos que se sometieron a resección ileocolónica robótica por enfermedad de Crohn en nuestra institución entre 2014 y 2021. Los pacientes se dividieron en grupos de resección ileocolónica reconfeccionada y resección ileocolónica primaria.MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Se compararon los datos demográficos iniciales, los factores de riesgo preoperatorios y los detalles intraoperatorios entre ambos grupos. El resultado primario fue la conversión a abierto y los resultados secundarios fueron las complicaciones posoperatorias a los treinta días.RESULTADOS:Se incluyeron un total de 98 pacientes. De ellos, 18 (18,4%) tuvieron resección ileocolónica. Los pacientes que se sometieron a una nueva resección ileocolónica tenían más probabilidades de tener una mayor duración de la enfermedad, enfermedad anoperineal asociada, un mayor número de líneas previas de tratamientos médicos, más probabilidades de haber recibido nutrición parental total antes de la operación para la corrección de la desnutrición y más tiempo tiempo de adhesiolisis. Los pacientes que se sometieron a una nueva resección ileocolónica tuvieron un mayor riesgo de conversión a cirugía abierta [3 (16,7 %) frente a 2 (2,5 %); valor p 0,04]. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa con respecto a la duración total de la estancia y la morbilidad a los treinta días entre ambos grupos. No hubo mortalidad a los treinta días ni fugas anastomóticas en ninguno de los grupos.LIMITACIONES:Naturaleza retrospectiva del análisis.CONCLUSIÓN:La resección ileocolónica robótica mostró resultados postoperatorios a corto plazo similares a la resección ileocolónica primaria robótica para la enfermedad de Crohn. Sin embargo, las tasas de conversión son más altas en la resección ileocolónica robótica, pero parecen más bajas que los resultados publicados previamente en la cirugía laparoscópica. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/C77 . (Traducción-Dr Yolanda Colorado )., (Copyright © The ASCRS 2022.)

Background: The efficacy of preoperative oral antibiotics alone compared with mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation in minimally invasive surgery is still a matter of debate., Objective: This study aimed to assess the trend of surgical site infection rates in parallel to the utilization of bowel preparation modality over time for minimally invasive colorectal surgeries in the United States., Design: This study is a retrospective analysis., Settings: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was the source of data for this study., Patients: Adult patients who underwent elective colorectal surgery and reported bowel preparation modality were included., Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcomes measured were the trends and the comparison of surgical site infection rates for mutually exclusive groups according to the underlying disease (colorectal cancer, IBD, and diverticular disease) who underwent bowel preparation using oral antibiotics or combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation. Patients who underwent rectal surgery were analyzed separately., Results: A total of 30,939 patients were included. Of them, 12,417 (40%) had rectal resections. Over the 7-year study period, mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation utilization increased from 29.3% in 2012 to 64.0% in 2018; p < 0.0001 at the expense of no preparation and mechanical bowel preparation alone. Similarly, oral antibiotics utilization increased from 2.3% in 2012 to 5.5% in 2018; p < 0.0001. For patients with colon cancer, patients who had oral antibiotics alone had higher superficial surgical site infection rates than patients who had combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation (1.9% vs 1.1%; p = 0.043). Superficial, deep, and organ space surgical site infection rates were similar for all other comparative colon surgery groups (cancer, IBD, and diverticular disease). Patients with rectal cancer who had oral antibiotics had higher rates of deep surgical site infection (0.9% vs 0.1%; p = 0.004). However, superficial, deep, and organ space surgical site infection rates were similar for all other comparative rectal surgery groups., Limitations: This study was limited by the retrospective nature of the analysis., Conclusion: This study revealed widespread adoption of mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation and increased adoption of oral antibiotics over the study period. Surgical site infection rates are similar from a clinical relevance standpoint among most comparative groups, questioning the systematic preoperative addition of mechanical bowel preparation to oral antibiotics alone in all patients for minimally invasive colorectal surgery. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B828 ., Preparacin Intestinal Con Antibiticos Orales Sin Preparacin Mecnica En Cirugas Colorrectales Mnimamente Invasivas Prctica Actual Y Perspectivas Futuras: ANTECEDENTES:La eficacia de los antibióticos orales preoperatorios solos en comparación con la preparación intestinal mecánica mas antibióticos orales en la cirugía mínimamente invasiva es un tema de debate que todavía esta en curso.OBJETIVO:Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la tendencia de las tasas de infección del sitio quirúrgico en relacion a la utilización de la modalidad de preparación intestinal a lo largo del tiempo en cirugías colorrectales mínimamente invasivas en los Estados Unidos.DISEÑO:Análisis retrospectivo.ENTORNO CLINICO:Base de datos del Programa Nacional de Mejoramiento de la Calidad Quirúrgica del Colegio Estadounidense de Cirujanos.PACIENTES:Pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía colorrectal electiva y reportados con modalidad de preparación intestinal.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE VALORACIÓN:Tendencias y comparacion de las tasas de infección del sitio quirúrgico para grupos mutuamente excluyentes según la enfermedad subyacente (cáncer colorrectal, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y enfermedad diverticular) que se sometieron a preparación intestinal usando antibióticos orales exclusivamente o preparación intestinal mecánica combinada con antibióticos orales. Los pacientes que se sometieron a cirugía rectal se analizaron por separado.RESULTADOS:Se incluyeron un total de 30.939 pacientes. De ellos, 12.417 (40%) se sometieron a resecciones rectales. Durante el período de estudio de siete años, la preparación mecánica del intestino y la utilización de antibióticos orales aumentó del 29,3% en 2012 al 64,0% en 2018; p < 0,0001 sobre la no preparación y de la preparación intestinal mecánica exclusivamente. De manera similar, la utilización de antibióticos orales ha aumentado del 2,3% en 2012 al 5,5% en 2018; p < 0,0001. Para los pacientes con cáncer de colon, los pacientes que recibieron antibióticos orales solos tuvieron mayores tasas de infección superficial del sitio quirúrgico en comparación con los pacientes que recibieron una preparación intestinal mecánica combinada con antibióticos orales (1,9% frente a 1,1%; p = 0,043). Las tasas de infección superficial, profundo del sitio quirúrgico y de los compartimientos intraabdominales fueron similares para todos los demás grupos de cirugía de colon (cáncer, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y enfermedad diverticular). Los pacientes con cáncer de recto que recibieron antibióticos orales tuvieron tasas más altas de infección profunda del sitio quirúrgico (0,9% frente a 0,1%; p = 0,004). Sin embargo, las tasas de infección del sitio quirúrgico superficial, profundo y de los compartimientos intraabdominales fueron similares comparativamente para todos los demás grupos de cirugía rectal.LIMITACIONES:Carácter retrospectivo del análisis.CONCLUSIONES:Este estudio reveló la adopción generalizada de preparación intestinal mecánica y antibióticos orales y una mayor aceptación de antibióticos orales durante el período de estudio. Las tasas de infección del sitio quirúrgico parecen ser similares desde un punto de vista de relevancia clínica entre la mayoría de los grupos comparados, lo que cuestiona la adición preoperatoria sistemática de preparación intestinal mecánica a antibióticos orales solos en todos los pacientes para cirugía colorrectal mínimamente invasiva. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B828 . (Traducción- Dr. Ingrid Melo )., (Copyright © The ASCRS 2021.)

Background: Intraoperative frozen-section analysis provides real-time margin resection status that can guide intraoperative decisions made by the surgeon and radiation oncologist. For patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer undergoing surgery and intraoperative radiation therapy, intraoperative re-resection of positive margins to achieve negative margins is common practice., Objective: This study aimed to assess whether re-resection of positive margins found on intraoperative frozen-section analysis improves oncologic outcomes., Design: This is a retrospective cohort study., Settings: This study was an analysis of a prospectively maintained multicenter database., Patients: All patients who underwent surgical resection of locally recurrent rectal cancer with intraoperative radiation therapy between 2000 and 2015 were included and followed for 5 years. Three groups were compared: initial R0 resection, initial R1 converted to R0 after re-resection, and initial R1 that remained R1 after re-resection. Grossly positive margin resections (R2) were excluded., Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measures were 5-year overall survival, recurrence-free survival, and local re-recurrence., Results: A total of 267 patients were analyzed (initial R0 resection, n = 94; initial R1 converted to R0 after re-resection, n = 95; initial R1 that remained R1 after re-resection, n = 78). Overall survival was 4.4 years for initial R0 resection, 2.7 years for initial R1 converted to R0 after re-resection, and 2.9 years for initial R1 that remained R1 after re-resection ( p = 0.01). Recurrence-free survival was 3.0 years for initial R0 resection and 1.8 years for both initial R1 converted to R0 after re-resection and initial R1 that remained R1 after re-resection ( p ≤ 0.01). Overall survival did not differ for patients with R1 and re-resection R1 or R0 ( p = 0.62). Recurrence-free survival and freedom from local re-recurrence did not differ between groups., Limitations: This study was limited by the heterogeneous patient population restricted to those receiving intraoperative radiation therapy., Conclusions: Re-resection of microscopically positive margins to obtain R0 status does not appear to provide a significant survival advantage or prevent local re-recurrence in patients undergoing surgery and intraoperative radiation therapy for locally recurrent rectal cancer. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B886 ., La Rereseccin De Los Mrgenes Microscpicamente Positivos Encontrados De Manera Intraoperatoria Mediante La Tcnica De Crioseccin, No Da Como Resultado Un Beneficio De Supervivencia En Pacientes Sometidos a Ciruga Y Radioterapia Intraoperatoria Para El Cncer Rectal Localmente Recidivante: ANTECEDENTES:El análisis de la ténica de criosección para los margenes positivos encontrados de manera intraoperatoria proporciona el estado de la resección del margen en tiempo real que puede guiar las decisiones intraoperatorias tomadas por el cirujano y el oncólogo radioterapeuta. Para los pacientes con cáncer de recto localmente recurrente que se someten a cirugía y radioterapia intraoperatoria, la re-resección intraoperatoria de los márgenes positivos para lograr márgenes negativos es una práctica común.OBJETIVO:Evaluar si la re-resección de los márgenes positivos encontrados en el análisis de la ténica por criosecciónde manera intraoperatorios mejora los resultados oncológicos.DISEÑO:Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo.AJUSTES:Análisis de una base de datos multicéntrica mantenida de forma prospectiva.POBLACIÓN:Todos los pacientes que se sometieron a resección quirúrgica de cáncer de recto localmente recurrente con radioterapia intraoperatoria entre 2000 y 2015 fueron incluidos y seguidos durante 5 años. Se compararon tres grupos: resección inicial R0, R1 inicial convertido en R0 después de la re-resección y R1 inicial que permaneció como R1 después de la re-resección. Se excluyeron las resecciones de márgenes macroscópicamente positivos (R2).PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Supervivencia global a cinco años, supervivencia sin recidiva y recidiva local.RESULTADOS:Se analizaron un total de 267 pacientes (resección inicial R0 n = 94, R1 inicial convertido en R0 después de la re-resección n = 95, R1 inicial que permaneció como R1 después de la re-resección n = 78). La supervivencia global fue de 4,4 años para la resección inicial R0, 2,7 años para la R1 inicial convertida en R0 después de la re-resección y 2,9 años para la R1 inicial que permaneció como R1 después de la re-resección ( p = 0,01). La supervivencia libre de recurrencia fue de 3,0 años para la resección inicial R0 y de 1,8 años para el R1 inicial convertido en R0 después de la re-resección y el R1 inicial que permaneció como R1 después de la re-resección ( p ≤ 0,01). La supervivencia global no difirió para los pacientes con R1 y re-resección R1 o R0 ( p = 0,62). La supervivencia libre de recurrencia y la ausencia de recurrencia local no difirieron entre los grupos.LIMITACIONES:Población de pacientes heterogénea, restringida a aquellos que reciben radioterapia intraoperatoria.CONCLUSIONES:La re-resección de los márgenes microscópicamente positivos para obtener el estado R0 no parece proporcionar una ventaja de supervivencia significativa o prevenir la recurrencia local en pacientes sometidos a cirugía y radioterapia intraoperatoria para el cáncer de recto localmente recurrente. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B886 . (Traducción-Dr. Daniel Guerra )., (Copyright © The ASCRS 2022.)

Background: Although the overall adoption of minimally invasive surgery in the nonemergent management of ulcerative colitis is established, little is known about its utilization in emergency settings., Objective: The goal of this study was to assess rates of urgent and emergent surgery over time in the era of emerging biologic therapies and to highlight the current practice in the United States regarding the utilization of minimally invasive surgery for urgent and emergent indications for ulcerative colitis., Design: This was a retrospective analysis study., Settings: Data were collected from the American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program database., Patients: All adult patients who underwent emergent or urgent colectomy for ulcerative colitis were included., Main Outcome Measures: Rates of emergency operations over time and utilization trends of minimally invasive surgery in urgent and emergent settings were assessed. Unadjusted and adjusted overall, surgical, and medical 30-day complication rates were compared between open and minimally invasive surgery., Results: A total of 2219 patients were identified. Of those, 1515 patients (68.3%) underwent surgery in an urgent setting and 704 (31.7%) as an emergency. Emergent cases decreased over time (21% in 2006 to 8% in 2018; p < 0.0001). However, the rate of urgent surgeries has not significantly changed (42% in 2011 to 46% in 2018; p = 0.44). Minimally invasive surgery was offered to 70% of patients in the urgent group (1058/1515) and 22.6% of emergent indications (159/704). Overall, minimally invasive surgery was increasingly utilized over the study period in urgent (38% in 2011 to 71% in 2018; p < 0.0001) and emergent (0% in 2005 to 42% in 2018; p < 0.0001) groups. Compared to minimally invasive surgery, open surgery was associated with a higher risk of surgical, septic, and overall complications, and prolonged hospitalization., Limitations: This study was limited by its retrospective nature of the analysis., Conclusion: Based on a nationwide analysis from the United States, minimally invasive surgery has been increasingly and safely implemented for emergent and urgent indications for ulcerative colitis. Although the sum of emergent and urgent cases remained the same over the study period, emergency cases decreased significantly over the study period, which may be related to improved medical treatment options and a collaborative, specialized team approach. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B847 ., Ciruga De Urgencia Y Emergencia Para La Colitis Ulcerosa En Los Estados Unidos En La Era Mnimamente Invasiva Y De Terapia Biolgica: ANTECEDENTES:Si bien se ha establecido la adopción generalizada de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva en el tratamiento electivo de la colitis ulcerosa, se sabe poco sobre su utilización en situaciones de emergencia.OBJETIVO:Evaluar las tasas de cirugía de urgencia a lo largo del tiempo en la era de las terapias biológicas emergentes y destacar la práctica actual en los Estados Unidos con respecto a la utilización de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva para las indicaciones de urgencia y emergencia de la colitis ulcerosa.DISEÑO:Análisis retrospectivo.AJUSTES:Base de datos del Programa Nacional de Mejoramiento de la Calidad del Colegio Americano de Cirujanos.PACIENTES:Todos los pacientes adultos que se sometieron a colectomía de emergencia o urgencia por colitis ulcerosa.MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Se evaluaron las tasas de operaciones de emergencia a lo largo del tiempo y las tendencias de utilización de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva en entornos de urgencia y emergencia. Se compararon las tasas de complicaciones generales, quirúrgicas y médicas de 30 días no ajustadas y ajustadas entre la cirugía abierta y la mínimamente invasiva.RESULTADOS:Se identificaron un total de 2.219 pacientes. De ellos, 1.515 pacientes (68,3%) fueron intervenidos de urgencia y 704 (31,7%) de emergencia. Los casos emergentes disminuyeron con el tiempo (21% en 2006 a 8% en 2018; p <0,0001). Sin embargo, la tasa de cirugías urgentes no ha cambiado significativamente (42% en 2011 a 46% en 2018, p = 0,44). Se ofreció cirugía mínimamente invasiva al 70% de los pacientes del grupo urgente (1.058 / 1.515) y al 22,6% de las emergencias (159/704). En general, la cirugía mínimamente invasiva se utilizó cada vez más durante el período de estudio en grupos urgentes (38% en 2011 a 71% en 2018; p <0,0001) y emergentes (0% en 2005 a 42% en 2018; p <0,0001). En comparación con la cirugía mínimamente invasiva, la cirugía abierta se asoció con un mayor riesgo de complicaciones generales, quirúrgicas, sépticas y hospitalización prolongada.LIMITACIONES:Carácter retrospectivo del análisis.CONCLUSIÓNES:Basado en un análisis nacional de los Estados Unidos, la cirugía mínimamente invasiva se ha implementado de manera creciente y segura para las indicaciones emergentes y urgentes de la colitis ulcerosa. Si bien la suma de casos emergentes y urgentes permaneció igual durante el período de estudio, los casos de emergencia disminuyeron significativamente, lo que puede estar relacionado con mejores opciones de tratamiento médico y un enfoque de equipo colaborativo y especializado. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B847 . (Traducción-Dr. Felipe Bellolio )., (Copyright © The ASCRS 2021.)

Background: Surgical treatment for transverse colon cancer involves either extended colectomy or segmental resection, depending on the location of the tumor and surgeon perspective. However, the oncological safety of segmental resection has not yet been established in large cohort studies., Objective: This study aims to compare segmental resection versus extended colectomy for transverse colon cancer in terms of oncological outcomes., Design: This was a retrospective cohort study., Settings: This study was conducted using a nationwide cohort., Patients: A total of 66,062 patients who underwent colectomy with curative intent for transverse stage I to III adenocarcinoma were identified in the National Cancer Database (2004-2015)., Main Outcome Measures: Patients were divided in 2 groups based on the type of surgery received (extended versus segmental resection). The primary outcome was overall survival. Secondary outcomes were 30- and 90-day mortality, length of hospital stay, and readmission rate within 30 days of surgical discharge., Results: Extended colectomy was performed in 44,417 (67.2%) patients, whereas 21,645 (32.8%) patients underwent segmental resection. Extended colectomy was associated with lower survival at multivariate analysis (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.10; p < 0.001). The subgroup analysis showed that extended resection was independently associated with poorer survival in mid transverse colon cancers (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04-1.12; p < 0.001) and in stage III tumors (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04-1.18; p < 0.001). The number of at least 12 harvested lymph nodes was an independent predictor of improved survival in both overall and subgroup analyses., Limitations: This study was limited by its retrospective design., Conclusion: Extended colectomy was not associated with a survival advantage compared with segmental resection. On the contrary, extended colectomy was associated with slightly poorer survival in mid transverse cancers and locally advanced tumors. Segmental resection was found to be safe when appropriate margins and adequate lymph node harvest were achieved. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B454., Abordaje Quirrgico Del Cncer De Colon Transverso Anlisis De La Prctica Actual Y Los Resultados Oncolgicos Utilizando La Base De Datos Nacional De Cncer: ANTECEDENTES:El tratamiento quirúrgico para el cáncer de colon transverso implica colectomía extendida o resección segmentaria, según la ubicación del tumor y la perspectiva del cirujano. Sin embargo, la seguridad oncológica de la resección segmentaria aún no se ha establecido en estudios de cohortes grandes.OBJETIVO:Este estudio tiene como objetivo comparar la resección segmentaria versus la colectomía extendida para el cáncer de colon transverso en términos de resultados oncológicos.DISEÑO:Este fue un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo.ESCENARIO:Este estudio se realizó utilizando una cohorte a nivel nacional.PACIENTES:Un total de 66,062 pacientes que se sometieron a colectomía con intención curativa por adenocarcinoma de colon transverso en estadio I-III fueron identificados en la Base de Datos Nacional del Cáncer (2004-2015).PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Los pacientes se dividieron en dos grupos según el tipo de cirugía recibida (resección extendida versus resección segmentaria). El resultado primario fue la supervivencia global. Los resultados secundarios fueron la mortalidad a los 30 y 90 días, la duración de la estancia hospitalaria y la tasa de reingreso dentro de los 30 días posteriores al alta quirúrgica.RESULTADOS:Se realizó colectomía extendida en 44,417 (67.2%) casos, mientras que 21,645 (32.8%) pacientes fueron sometidos a resección segmentaria. La colectomía extendida se asoció con una menor supervivencia en el análisis multivariado (HR 1.07 IC 95% 1.04-1.10; p <0.001). El análisis de subgrupos mostró que la resección extendida se asoció de forma independiente con una menor supervivencia en los cánceres de colon transverso medio (HR 1.08 IC 95% 1.04-1.12; p <0.001) y en tumores en estadio III (HR 1.11 IC 95% 1.04-1.18; p <0.001). Un número de al menos 12 ganglios linfáticos cosechados fue un predictor independiente de una mejor supervivencia en los análisis general y de subgrupos.LIMITACIONES:Este estudio estuvo limitado por su diseño retrospectivo.CONCLUSIÓN:La colectomía extendida no se asoció con una ventaja de supervivencia en comparación con la resección segmentaria. Por el contrario, la colectomía extendida se asoció con una supervivencia levemente menor en cánceres de colon transverso medio y tumores localmente avanzados. Se encontró que la resección segmentaria es segura cuando se logran los márgenes apropiados y la cosecha adecuada de ganglios linfáticos. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B454., (Copyright © The ASCRS 2021.)

Background: Colorectal cancer seldom presents at the splenic flexure. Small series on left flexure tumors reported a high occurrence of negative prognostic factors called into question as causes of poor prognosis. However, because of the small number of cases, no definite conclusions can be drawn., Objective: The aim of this study was to compare clinical-pathologic characteristics and short- and long-term outcomes of left flexure tumors with other colonic locations., Design: This was a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients who underwent surgery for tumors at the splenic flexure. Each tumor was paired in a 1 to 1 fashion with a right-sided and sigmoid tumor., Settings: The study was conducted in 10 international centers., Patients: A total of 641 patients with left flexure tumors were included in the study., Main Outcome Measures: Overall survival and cancer-specific survival were measured., Results: Left flexure tumors presented more frequently with stenosis (30.5%; p < 0.001), with lesions infiltrating beyond the serosa (21.9%; p = 0.001) and with a high rate of mucinous histology (8.8%; p = 0.001). Looking at long-term prognosis, no differences were observed among the 3 groups, both considering overall and cancer-specific survival. However, left flexure tumors recurred more frequently as peritoneal carcinomatosis (20.6%; p < 0.001)., Limitations: This study was limited because of its retrospective nature., Conclusions: Although left flexure tumors display several negative prognostic factors, they are not characterized by a worse prognosis compared with other colon cancer locations. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B395. CARACTERÍSTICAS CLÍNICO-PATOLÓGICAS Y RESULTADOS A LARGO PLAZO DEL CÁNCER DE COLON DE ÁNGULO IZQUIERDO: UN ANÁLISIS RETROSPECTIVO DE UNA COHORTE MULTICÉNTRICA INTERNACIONAL: El cáncer colorrectal rara vez se presenta en el ángulo esplénico. Pequeñas series sobre tumores de ángulo izquierdo informaron una alta incidencia de factores pronósticos negativos cuestionados como causas de mal pronóstico. Sin embargo, debido al pequeño número de casos, no se pueden sacar conclusiones definitivas.El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar las características clínico-patológicas, los resultados a corto y largo plazo de los tumores de ángulo izquierdo con otras ubicaciones de colon.Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes consecutivos que se sometieron a cirugía por tumores en el ángulo esplénico. Cada tumor se emparejó de forma individual con un tumor del lado derecho y sigmoide.El estudio se realizó en 10 centros internacionales.Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 641 pacientes con tumores del ángulo izquierdo.Supervivencia general y específica del cáncerLos tumores de ángulo izquierda se presentaron con mayor frecuencia con estenosis (30.5%, p <0.001), con lesiones infiltradas más allá de la serosa (21.9%, p = 0.001), y con una alta tasa de histología mucinosa (8.8%, p = 0.001). En cuanto al pronóstico a largo plazo, no se observaron diferencias entre los tres grupos, considerando la supervivencia general y específica del cáncer. Sin embargo, los tumores de ángulo izquierdo recurrieron con mayor frecuencia como carcinomatosis peritoneal (20,6%; p <0,001).Este estudio fue limitado debido a su naturaleza retrospectiva.Aunque los tumores de ángulo izquierdo muestran varios factores pronósticos negativos, no se caracterizan por un peor pronóstico en comparación con otras ubicaciones de cáncer de colon. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B395.

Background: Discharge on postoperative day 3 after laparoscopic colorectal resections is now common, and same-day discharge has been proposed recently as an option., Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the safety of same-day and next-day discharge after laparoscopic colorectal surgery and to delineate which characteristics may make a patient eligible for this pathway., Design: This was a retrospective cohort study., Settings: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project Targeted Colectomy Participant User File was used., Patients: Patients underwent elective laparoscopic colorectal resection and were discharged without complications on or before postoperative day 5 (early discharge: postoperative day 0 or 1, intermediate: postoperative day 2, standard: postoperative day 3 to 5)., Main Outcome Measures: Early readmission (on or before postoperative day 7), anastomotic leak, ileus, and overall readmission were measured., Results: Of 36,526 patients total, 906 (2.5%) were discharged on postoperative day 0 or 1. Patients discharged on postoperative day 0/1 tended to have shorter-duration operations, a diagnostic indication more commonly of benign neoplasm, and underwent less low pelvic anastomoses. The readmission rate within 7 days was only 2%. Overall rates of anastomotic leak (0.6% early, 1.0% intermediate, 1.2% standard), ileus (1.9% early, 1.5% intermediate, 2.1% standard), and readmission (early 4.8%, intermediate 5.1%, standard 5.8%) were equivalent to decreased in patients discharged early versus those discharged in the intermediate or standard discharge groups. On multivariable analysis, dismissal day remained a noncontributory-to-protective factor against anastomotic leak, ileus, and readmission., Limitations: Specific follow-up pathways used were unknown, and selection bias exists in deciding what day patients can be discharged., Conclusions: Discharge on the same day or next day after surgery was not associated with increased risk compared with discharge on postoperative day 3 to 5, and it did not result in a high rate of early readmissions. Increased use of expedited discharge pathways would reduce hospital costs and resource use. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B331. ¿ES RAZONABLE EL ALTA EL MISMO DíA O AL DíA SIGUIENTE, DESPUéS DE LA COLECTOMíA LAPAROSCóPICA EN PACIENTES SELECCIONADOS: Es común el alta hospitalaria en el 3er día postoperatorio, después de resecciones colorrectales laparoscópicas. Recientemente se ha propuesto como una opción, el alta el mismo día.Determinar la seguridad de alta el mismo día o al día siguiente después de la cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica, y delinear qué características pueden hacer que un paciente sea elegible para esta vía.Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo.American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project Targeted Colectomy Participant User File.Se sometieron a resección colorrectal laparoscópica electiva, y se dieron de alta sin complicaciones durante el 5° día postoperatorio o antes (alta temprana: día 0 o 1 postoperatorio; intermedia: día 2 postoperatorio; estándar: día 3-5 postoperatorio).Reingreso temprano (en o antes del día 7 postoperatorio), fuga anastomótica, íleo y reingreso general.De 36,526 pacientes en total, 906 (2.5%) fueron dados de alta en el día 0 o 1 postoperatorio. Los pacientes dados de alta en el día 0/1 postoperatorio, tendieron a presentar operaciones de menor duración, indicación diagnóstica más frecuente de neoplasia benigna, y sometidos a menos anastomosis de pelvis baja. La tasa de readmisión dentro de los siete días, fue del 2%. Las tasas generales de fuga anastomótica (0.6% temprana, 1.0% intermedia, 1.2% estándar), íleo (1.9% temprana, 1.5% intermedia, 2.1% estándar) y reingreso (temprana 4.8%, intermedia 5.1%, estándar 5.8%) fueron equivalentes a la disminución en pacientes dados de alta temprana, versus aquellos dados de alta en los grupos intermedia o estándar. En el análisis multivariable, el día de alta no contribuyó al factor protector contra la fuga anastomótica, el íleo y el reingreso.Se desconocen las vías de seguimiento específicas utilizadas y existe un sesgo de selección al decidir en qué día se puede dar de alta a los pacientes.El alta el mismo día o al día siguiente después de la cirugía, no se asoció con un mayor riesgo, en comparación con el alta en el postoperatorio en los días 3-5, y no dio lugar a una alta tasa de reingresos tempranos. Mayor utilización de las vías de alta acelerada, reducirían costos hospitalarios y utilización de recursos. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B331. (Traducción-Dr Fidel Ruiz Healy).

Background: Hospital readmission rate is an important quality metric and has been recognized as a key measure of hospital value-based purchasing programs., Objective: This study aimed to assess the risk factors for hospital readmission with a focus on potentially preventable early readmissions within 48 hours of discharge., Design: This is a retrospective cohort study., Settings: This study was conducted at a tertiary academic facility with a standardized enhanced recovery pathway., Patients: Consecutive patients undergoing elective major colorectal resections between 2011 and 2016 were included., Main Outcome Measures: Univariable and multivariable risk factors for overall and early (<48 hours) readmissions were identified. Specific surgical and medical reasons for readmission were compared between early and late readmissions., Results: In total, 526 of 4204 patients (12.5%) were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. Independent risk factors were ASA score (≥3; OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2), excess perioperative weight gain (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3-2.3), ileostomy (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1-2), and transfusion (OR, 2; 95% CI, 1.4-3), or reoperation (OR, 11.4; 95% CI, 7.4-17.5) during the index stay. No potentially preventable risk factor for early readmission (128 patients, 24.3% of all readmissions, 3% of total cohort) was identified, and index hospital stay of ≤3 days was not associated with increased readmission (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.7-1.2). Although ileus and small-bowel obstruction (early: 43.8% vs late: 15.5%, p < 0.001) were leading causes for early readmissions, deep infections (3.9% vs 16.3%, p < 0.001) and acute kidney injury (0% vs 5%, p = 0.006) were mainly observed during readmissions after 48 hours., Limitations: Risk of underreporting due to loss of follow-up and the potential co-occurrence of complications were limitations of this study., Conclusions: Early hospital readmission was mainly due to ileus or bowel obstruction, whereas late readmissions were related to deep infections and acute kidney injury. A suspicious attitude toward potential ileus-related symptoms before discharge and dedicated education for ostomy patients are important. A short index hospital stay was not associated with increased readmission rates. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B237. REINGRESOS DENTRO DE LAS 48 HORAS POSTERIORES AL ALTA: RAZONES, FACTORES DE RIESGO Y POSIBLES MEJORAS: La tasa de reingreso hospitalario es una métrica de calidad importante y ha sido reconocida como una medida clave de los programas hospitalarios de compras basadas en el valor.Evaluar los factores de riesgo para el reingreso hospitalario con énfasis en reingresos tempranos potencialmente prevenibles dentro de las 48 horas posteriores al alta.Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo.Institución académica terciaria con programa de recuperación mejorada estandarizado.Pacientes consecutivos sometidos a resecciones colorrectales mayores electivas entre 2011 y 2016.Se identificaron factores de riesgo uni y multivariables para reingresos totales y tempranos (<48 horas). Se compararon razones médicas y quirúrgicas específicas para el reingreso entre reingresos tempranos y tardíos.En total, 526/4204 pacientes (12,5%) fueron readmitidos dentro de los 30 días posteriores al alta. Los factores de riesgo independientes fueron puntuación ASA (≥3, OR 1.5; IC 95% 1.1-2), aumento de peso perioperatorio excesivo (OR 1.7; IC 95% 1.3-2.3), ileostomía (OR 1.4, IC 95%: 1-2) y transfusión (OR 2, IC 95% 1.4-3) o reoperación (OR 11.4; IC 95% 7.4-17.5) durante la estadía índice. No se identificó ningún factor de riesgo potencialmente prevenible para el reingreso temprano (128 pacientes, 24.3% de todos los reingresos, 3% de la cohorte total), y la estadía hospitalaria índice de ≤ 3 días no se asoció con un aumento en el reingreso (OR 0.9; IC 95% 0.7-1.2) Mientras que el íleo / obstrucción del intestino delgado (temprano: 43.8% vs. tardío: 15.5%, p < 0.001) fueron las principales causas de reingresos tempranos, infecciones profundas (3.9% vs 16.3%, p < 0.001) y lesión renal aguda (0 vs 5%, p = 0.006) se observaron principalmente durante los reingresos después de 48 horas.Riesgo de subregistro debido a la pérdida en el seguimiento, posible co-ocurrencia de complicaciones.El reingreso hospitalario temprano se debió principalmente a íleo u obstrucción intestinal, mientras que los reingresos tardíos se relacionaron con infecciones profundas y lesión renal aguda. Es importante tener una actitud suspicaz hacia los posibles síntomas relacionados con el íleo antes del alta y una educación específica para los pacientes con ostomía. La estadía hospitalaria índice corta no se asoció con mayores tasas de reingreso. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B237.

Background: Anastomotic leak remains a critical complication after restorative rectal cancer surgery and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates, whereas reported rates range from 4% to 29%. Whether the occurrence of leak may have an impact on long-term oncological outcomes is under debate., Objective: This study aimed to describe the oncological impact of anastomotic leak on patients undergoing sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal adenocarcinoma., Design: This is a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database., Settings: The study was conducted at a high-volume colorectal center., Patients: Data on patients who underwent restorative surgery for rectal adenocarcinoma from January 2000 until December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed., Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measured was the impact of anastomotic leak, defined according to the classification proposed by the International Study Group of Rectal Cancer, on long-term overall survival, disease-free survival, disease-specific survival, and local recurrence., Results: A total of 787 patients undergoing sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer met the inclusion criteria. Forty-two (5.3%) patients presented a symptomatic anastomotic leak. The median follow-up period was 64 months. Fifty-one (6.5%) patients experienced a cancer-related death, 2 of 42 in the anastomotic leak group. Five-year overall survival, disease-specific survival, and disease-free survival were 88%, 94.7%, and 85.3%. Local recurrence rate was 2%. There was no difference in long-term overall survival, disease-specific survival, disease-free survival, and local recurrence rate between groups. On a multivariable analysis, anastomotic leak did not impact oncological outcomes., Limitations: This study was limited by retrospective analysis., Conclusions: The occurrence of anastomotic leak after restorative resection for rectal cancer did not impact long-term oncological outcomes in our cohort of patients. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B187. RESULTADOS ONCOLÓGICOS A LARGO PLAZO DESPUÉS DE UNA FUGA ANASTOMÓTICA EN CIRUGÍA DE CÁNCER RECTAL: La fuga anastomótica sigue siendo una complicación crítica después de la cirugía restauradora del cáncer rectal y se asocia con tasas significativas de morbilidad y mortalidad, mientras que las tasas reportadas varían del 4% al 29%. Se está debatiendo si la aparición de fugas puede tener un impacto en los resultados oncológicos a largo plazo.Describir el impacto oncológico de la fuga anastomótica en pacientes sometidos a cirugía de preservación del esfínter para adenocarcinoma rectal.Revisión retrospectiva de una base de datos mantenida prospectivamente.El estudio se realizó en un centro colorrectal de alto volumen.Se analizaron retrospectivamente los datos de pacientes que se sometieron a cirugía reparadora por adenocarcinoma rectal desde Enero de 2000 hasta Diciembre de 2013.Impacto de la fuga anastomótica, definida de acuerdo con la clasificación propuesta por el Grupo de Estudio Internacional del Cáncer Rectal (International Study Group of Rectal Cancer), sobre la supervivencia general a largo plazo, la supervivencia libre de enfermedad, la supervivencia específica de la enfermedad y la recurrencia local.Un total de 787 pacientes sometidos a cirugía para preservar el esfínter por cáncer rectal cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Cuarenta y dos (5.3%) pacientes presentaron una fuga anastomótica sintomática. El tiempo mediano del período de seguimiento fue de 64 meses. Cincuenta y un (6.5%) pacientes sufrieron muerte relacionada con el cáncer, 2 de 42 en el grupo de fuga anastomótica. La supervivencia global a cinco años, la supervivencia específica de la enfermedad y la supervivencia libre de enfermedad fueron del 88%, 94.7% y 85.3%, respectivamente. La tasa de recurrencia local fue del 2%. No hubo diferencias en la supervivencia global a largo plazo, la supervivencia específica de la enfermedad, la supervivencia libre de enfermedad y la tasa de recurrencia local entre los grupos. En un análisis multivariable, la fuga anastomótica no afectó los resultados oncológicos.Este estudio fue limitado por análisis retrospectivo.La aparición de fuga anastomótica después de la resección restauradora para el cáncer rectal no afectó los resultados oncológicos a largo plazo en nuestra cohorte de pacientes. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B187. (Traducción-Dr. Yesenia Rojas-Kahlil).

Background: Postoperative ileus remains an issue after colorectal surgery delaying recovery and increasing the length of hospital stay and costs., Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of perioperative fluid management on ileus occurrence after colorectal surgery within a fully implemented enhanced recovery pathway., Design: This was a retrospective cohort study of a prospectively maintained institutional database., Settings: The study was conducted at a tertiary academic facility with fully implemented standardized enhanced recovery pathway over the entire study period., Patients: All of the consecutive elective major colorectal resections for benign or malign indications between 2011 and 2016 were included., Main Outcome Measures: Postoperative ileus was defined as the need for nasogastric tube reinsertion. Perioperative fluid management and surgical outcome were compared between patients presenting with ileus and those without. Potential risk factors for ileus were identified through multinomial logistic regression., Results: Postoperative ileus occurred in 377 (9%) of 4205 included patients at day 4 (interquartile range, 2-5 d). Intraoperatively, ileus patients received 3.2 ± 2.6 L of fluids, whereas the remaining patients received 2.5 ± 1.7 L (p < 0.001). Weight gain was 3.8 ± 7.1 kg in ileus patients versus 3.0 ± 6.6 kg (p = 0.272) in the remaining patients at postoperative day 1, 4.4 ± 6.5 kg versus 3.1 ± 7.0 kg (p = 0.028) at postoperative day 2, and 1.8 ± 6.0 kg versus 0.0 ± 6.0 kg at discharge (p = 0.002). The multivariable model including all significant (p < 0.05) demographic, fluid management-related, and surgical parameters retained postoperative day 0 fluids of >3 L (OR = 1.65 (95% CI, 1.13-2.41); p = 0.009), postoperative day 2 weight gain of >2.5 kg (OR = 1.49 (95% CI, 1.01-2.21); p = 0.048), and occurrence of postoperative complications (OR = 2.00 (95% CI, 1.39-2.90); p < 0.001) as independent risk factors for ileus., Limitations: This study was limited by its retrospective design. Fluid management depends on patient-, disease-, and surgery-related factors and cannot be generalized and extrapolated., Conclusions: Fluid overload and occurrence of postoperative complications were independent risk factors for postoperative ileus. This calls for action to keep perioperative fluids below suggested thresholds. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B54. ASOCIACIÓN POTENCIAL ENTRE EL MANEJO DEL LÍQUIDO PERIOPERATORIO Y EL SUCESO DE ÍLEO POSTOPERATORIO: El íleo postoperatorio sigue siendo un problema después de una cirugía colorrectal que retrasa la recuperación y aumenta la duración de la estancia hospitalaria y los costos.Analizar el impacto del manejo del líquido perioperatorio en la incidencia de íleo después de la cirugía colorrectal dentro de una vía de recuperación mejorada totalmente implementada.Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de una base de datos institucional mantenida prospectivamente.Centro académico terciario con una ruta de recuperación mejorada estandarizada completamente implementada durante todo el período del estudio.Se incluyeron todas las resecciones colorrectales mayores electivas consecutivas para indicaciones benignas o malignas entre 2011 y 2016.El íleo postoperatorio se definió como la necesidad de reinserción de la sonda nasogástrica. El manejo del líquido perioperatorio y el resultado quirúrgico se compararon entre los pacientes con íleo y los que no. Los posibles factores de riesgo para el íleo se identificaron mediante regresión logística multinominal.El íleo postoperatorio se ocurrió en 377 (9%) de los 4205 pacientes incluidos al cuarto día (RIC 2-5). Intraoperatoriamente, los pacientes con íleo recibieron 3.2 ± 2.6 L de líquidos, mientras que los pacientes restantes recibieron 2.5 ± 1.7 L (p < 0.001). El aumento de peso fue de 3.8 ± 7.1 kg en pacientes con íleo versus 3 ± 6.6 kg (p = 0.272) en los pacientes restantes en el día postoperatorio 1, 4.4 ± 6.5 kg vs. 3.1 ± 7 kg (p = 0.028) en el día postoperatorio 2 y 1.8 ± 6 kg versus a 0 ± 6 kg al tiempo de alta hospitalaria (p = 0.002). El modelo multivariable que incluye todos los parámetros demográficos, del manejo de líquidos y quirúrgicos significativos (p <0.05) mantuvo líquidos del día 0 después de la operación de> 3L (proporción de probabilidad 1.65, intervalo de confianza del 95% 1.13-2.41, p = 0.009), ganancia de peso de > 2.5 kg en el dia postoperatorio 2 (proporción de probabilidad 1.49, 95% intervalo de confianza 1.01-2.21, p = 0.048) y aparición de complicaciones postoperatorias (proporción de probabilidad 2, 95% intervalo de confianza 1.39-2.9, p <0.001) como factores de riesgo independientes para íleo.Diseño retrospectivo. El manejo de líquidos depende de factores relacionados con el paciente, la enfermedad y la cirugía, y no puede generalizarse ni extrapolarse.La sobrecarga de líquidos y la aparición de complicaciones postoperatorias fueron factores de riesgo independientes para el íleo postoperatorio. Esto requiere medidas para mantener los líquidos perioperatorios por debajo de los umbrales sugeridos. Vea el Video del Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B54.

Background: Excessive perioperative fluid administration likely increases postoperative cardiovascular, infectious, and GI complications. Early administration of diuretics after elective surgery facilitates rapid mobilization of excess fluid, potentially leading to decreased bowel edema, more rapid return of bowel function, and reduced length of hospital stay., Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the benefit of early diuresis after elective colon and rectal surgery in the setting of an enhanced recovery after surgery practice., Design: This was a prospective study., Settings: The study was conducted at a quaternary referral center., Patients: A randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial was conducted in patients undergoing elective colon and rectal surgery at a single quaternary referral center., Intervention: The primary intervention was administration of intravenous furosemide plus enhanced recovery after surgery on postoperative day 1 and 2 versus enhanced recovery after surgery alone., Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was length of hospital stay. Secondary outcomes included 30-day readmission rate, time to stool output during hospitalization after surgery, and incidence of various complications within the first 48 hours of hospital stay., Results: In total, 123 patients were randomly assigned to receive either furosemide plus enhanced recovery after surgery (n = 62) or enhanced recovery after surgery alone (n = 61). Groups were evenly matched at baseline. At interim analysis, length of hospital stay was not superior in the intervention group (80.6 vs 99.6 hours, p = 0.564). No significant difference was identified in the rates of nasogastric tube replacement (1.6% vs 9.7%, p = 0.125). Time to return of bowel function was significantly longer in the intervention group (45.4 vs 48.8 hours, p = 0.048). The decision was made to end the study early because the conditional power of the study favored futility., Limitations: This was a single-center study., Conclusions: Early administration of furosemide does not significantly reduce the length of hospital stay after elective colon and rectal surgery in the setting of enhanced recovery after surgery practice. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A714.

Background: Revisional and reconstructive surgery for IPAA is rare given the high success of pouch surgery for chronic ulcerative colitis. Limited data exist on both surgical and functional outcomes in patients with chronic ulcerative colitis who undergo IPAA revision or reconstruction., Objective: This study aimed to determine the surgical and functional outcome in patients with chronic ulcerative colitis who undergo IPAA revision or reconstruction., Design: A prospectively collected surgical database was accessed for this study., Setting: This study was conducted at an IBD referral center., Patients: Patients with chronic ulcerative colitis who underwent IPAA revision or reconstruction were selected., Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcomes measured were 30-day postoperative outcomes and long-term pouch function., Results: Eighty-one patients were identified. Original IPAA was performed for chronic ulcerative colitis (n = 71; 88%) and indeterminate colitis (n = 11; 12.%), and the most common configuration was a J-pouch (n = 69; 86%) with handsewn anastomosis (n = 41;68%). No independent predictors of 30-day postoperative complications following reconstructive/revisional surgery were identified. Pelvic abscesses and Crohn's disease of the pouch were independently associated with ultimate pouch excision. Median follow-up following revision/reconstruction was 40 months (range, 1-292 months) during which 15 patients (23%) had pouch failure. The 5- and 10-year pouch survival rates following revision were 85 ± 5% and 65 ± 9% by Kaplan-Meier estimation; age <30 years was significantly associated with pouch survival. Long-term function (n = 30; 35%) compared with a matched control cohort of primary IPAA was characterized by significantly increased daytime bowel incontinence (p = 0.0119), liquid stool (p = 0.0062), and medication to thicken stools (p = 0.0452)., Limitations: This was a single-center series, and response rate for functional data was 35%., Conclusions: In properly selected patients with a failing pouch, originally made for chronic ulcerative colitis or indeterminate colitis, revisional and reconstructive surgery is associated with low complication rates, high pouch salvage, and acceptable long-term pouch function. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A640.

Introduction: An IPAA is the preferred operative approach for restoration of intestinal continuity in patients with ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. As minimally invasive approaches have become more widely adopted, their use in IPAA has also become increasingly commonplace. Laparoscopy has the same limitations during the proctectomy portion as seen in operations for rectal cancer, including dissection in the mid-to-lower rectum attributed to angles created by bony confines of the deep pelvis and lack of visibility when constructing the anastomosis. Robotic surgery provides improved 3-dimensional and high-definition visualization of the pelvis and multiple degrees of freedom, which greatly enhance performance during the proctectomy and construction of the anastomosis., Technique: In the setting of a previous subtotal colectomy, the ileostomy site is taken down and stapled across. A 15-mm balloon trocar is placed in the site to achieve insufflation, and the robotic ports are placed horizontally just above the umbilicus. The lateral mesenteric attachments are mobilized laparoscopically, then the J-pouch is constructed through the ostomy site. The J-pouch is placed back into the abdomen with the anvil in place, and the proctectomy is performed after docking the robot. The rectum is stapled with the robotic stapler and exteriorized from the ileostomy site, and the anastomosis is constructed under direct robotic visualization., Results: In addition to the potential ergonomic advantages, the maneuverability and visualization in the pelvis during the proctectomy and construction of the anastomosis are reported by many surgeons to be improved as compared with laparoscopy, especially in male or obese patients., Conclusions: A robotic approach during the proctectomy and IPAA offers significant advantages to a laparoscopic approach, expanding our armamentarium of minimally invasive surgical techniques to IPAA.

Background: Despite distant historical studies that demonstrated the adequacy of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, current surgical practice continues to use antibiotics for postoperative coverage up to 24 hours., Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate a change in antibiotic prophylaxis duration and its effect on surgical site infection in a high-volume modern colorectal practice., Design: A case-controlled series retrospectively reviewed outcomes through a prospective validated data base., Setting: The study was conducted at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota., Patients: A total of 965 patients were evaluated. Our study analyzed patient outcomes related to surgical site infection comparing cohort 1 (2012-2013), which had the same antibiotic coverage preoperatively up to 24 hours postoperatively, and cohort 2 (2014-2015), which eliminated postoperative doses and relied solely on pre- and intraoperative dosing duration., Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcomes of this study are superficial and deep surgical site infection., Results: There were no differences identified for superficial or deep surgical site infection rates between cohorts. Before the change in antibiotic dosing duration (2012-2013), 28 of 493 patients (5.7%) vs after the practice change (2014-2015), 25 of 472 patients (5.3%) were reported to have superficial or deep surgical site infection (p = 0.794)., Limitations: This study is limited by its retrospective design within a single institution., Conclusion: These equivalent results present an opportunity for surgeons to reconsider optimal antibiotic duration and minimize unnecessary antibiotic dosing. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A322.

Background: Clinical trials demonstrate that postresection chemotherapy conveys survival benefit to patients with stage III colon cancer. It is unclear whether this benefit can be extrapolated to the elderly, who are underenrolled in clinical trials., Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine outcomes of selected octogenarians with stage III colon cancer with/without postresection adjuvant therapy., Design: This was a retrospective cohort study (2006-2011) using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier and adjusted Cox proportional hazards analyses of overall survival., Setting: The study was conducted with the National Cancer Database., Patients: We included patients 80 to 89 years of age who were undergoing curative-intent surgery for stage III colon cancer and excluded patients who received neoadjuvant therapy, died within 6 weeks of surgery, or had high comorbidity., Main Outcome Measures: Overall survival was the main measure., Results: A total of 8141 octogenarians were included; 3483 (42.8%) received postresection chemotherapy, and 4658 (57.2%) underwent surgery alone. Patients receiving chemotherapy were younger (82.0 vs 84.0 years; p < 0.001), healthier (73.1% vs 70.4% with no comorbidities; p = 0.009), and more likely to have N2 disease (40.4% vs 32.8%; p < 0.001). Overall survival was improved in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (median = 61.7 vs 35.0 months; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis of patients offered chemotherapy but refusing (n = 1315) demonstrated overall survival worse than those receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (median = 42.7 vs 61.7 months; p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis adjusting for potential confounders showed therapy with surgery alone to be independently associated with increased mortality hazard (HR = 1.83; p < 0.001), and the mortality hazard remained elevated in patients who voluntarily refused adjuvant therapy (HR = 1.45; p < 0.001)., Limitations: The study was limited by its retrospective, nonrandomized design., Conclusions: In selected octogenarians with stage III colon cancer, postresection adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with superior overall survival. However, less than half of the octogenarians with stage III colon cancer in the National Cancer Database received it. The remaining majority, who were all fit and survived ≥6 weeks postsurgery, could have derived benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. This represents a substantial opportunity for quality improvement in treating octogenarians with stage III colon cancer.

Background: Adult sacrococcygeal teratomas are rare, and limited data exist on their management and outcomes following surgery., Objective: The aim of this study was to review the outcomes in adult patients undergoing surgery for sacrococcygeal teratomas., Design: A retrospective review of our prospectively maintained surgical pathology and tumor registries was conducted., Setting: This study was conducted at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester. Information was collected on patients treated between 1980 and 2013., Patients: A total of 26 patients with sacrococcygeal teratoma were identified (19 female), with a median age of 37.5 years. Malignancy was seen in 5 patients., Main Outcome Measures: Data on demographics, clinical presentation, tumor pathology, adjuvant therapy, surgical approach, surgical margins, use of preoperative biopsy, radiological investigations, morbidity, mortality, and local recurrence was collected. Complications were assessed by using the Clavien-Dindo system of classification., Results: Patients most commonly presented with pelvic pain (n = 16) and/or a palpable mass (n = 15). On radiology, 8 lesions were purely cystic, 14 were mixed, and 4 were solid; teratoma was suspected as a diagnosis in 8 patients. Preoperative biopsy (13 patients) had 100% concordance with final pathology. Median tumor size was 6 cm, and the surgical approach was posterior only (n = 15), anterior only (n = 5), and combined anterior-posterior (n = 6). Of 5 patients with malignancy, 3 died of recurrent disease., Limitations: Limitations of this study include the small number of patients, the long study period, and the heterogeneous nature of these tumors., Conclusion: Presacral teratomas require multidisciplinary management and have a risk of malignant transformation. They are more common in females, and the majority are intrapelvic in location in adults. We recommend clinical evaluation, radiological investigation, and image-guided biopsy in all suspicious presacral lesions. A treatment algorithm has been designed to improve the management of these rare tumors.

Background: Enhanced recovery pathways have been shown to decrease the length of hospital stay in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Few reports have studied patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer., Objective: Our aim was to review our experience in minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery. We report short-term outcomes and evaluate the potential advantages of the enhanced recovery protocol compared with our less intensive conventional pathway., Design: This is a consecutive retrospective study of all minimally invasive rectal cancers treated from February 2005 to December 2011. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors contributing to a short length of stay., Settings: This study was performed at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, between 2005 and 2011., Patients: A total of 346 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Seventy-eight patients were managed under the enhanced recovery pathway. Patients underwent either laparoscopic-, robotic-, or hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer., Interventions: All patients followed either a standardized conventional pathway or an enhanced recovery pathway for perioperative care., Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was the length of stay. Secondary outcomes were postoperative complications and 30-day readmissions., Results: Hospital stay was significantly decreased for patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer and were managed with an enhanced recovery protocol, 4.1 days, vs 6.1 days for the conventional pathway (95% CI, -2.9 to -1.2 days; p < 0.0001). Rates of complications were similar between the 2 groups. Factors associated with shorter length of stay included the enhanced recovery protocol and laparoscopic or robotic surgery compared with hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery., Limitations: This was a retrospective study at a single institution. Additional limitations include the comparison with historical controls and the potential for selection bias., Conclusion: The enhanced recovery pathway is associated with a significantly decreased length of hospital stay after minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer in this series. Decreased hospital stay was achieved without affecting short-term outcomes.

Background: For patients with residual or recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma of the anus after primary chemoradiotherapy, the standard treatment is surgical salvage. Patients with unresectable or borderline unresectable disease have poor outcomes, thus adjunctive treatments should be explored., Objective: The aim of this study is to report outcomes for patients with residual/recurrent anal cancer treated with multimodality therapy including salvage surgical resection and intraoperative radiotherapy., Design: This is an observational study., Settings: This study was conducted at a tertiary referral center., Patients: Thirty-two patients were treated between 1993 and 2012. Median age was 53 years (range, 34-87). Salvage treatment was performed for residual disease (n = 9), first recurrence (n = 17), or second recurrence (n = 6) after primary chemoradiotherapy., Interventions: Patients with recurrent disease received preoperative external beam reirradiation with concurrent chemotherapy. All patients underwent salvage surgical resection and intraoperative radiotherapy. Extent of surgical resection was R0 (negative margins, n = 16), R1 (microscopic residual, n = 13), or R2 (macroscopic residual, n = 3). The median intraoperative radiotherapy dose was 12.5 Gy., Main Outcome Measures: Treatment-related adverse events were classified according to the National Cancer Institute - Common Toxicity Criteria. Overall and disease-free survival were estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier technique. Central, local-regional, and distant failure were estimated by the use of the cumulative incidence method., Results: Median length of hospital stay was 9 days. Mortality at 30 days after surgery and intraoperative radiotherapy was 0%. Fifteen patients (47%) experienced a total of 16 grade 3 treatment-related adverse events (wound complication (n = 6), bowel obstruction (n = 5), and ureteral obstruction (n = 3)). The 5-year estimates of overall and disease-free survival were 23% and 17%. The 5-year estimates of central, local-regional, and distant failure were 21%, 51%, and 40%., Limitations: This was a single-institution observational study with limited patient numbers., Conclusions: In this heavily pretreated, high-risk patient population, multimodality therapy including salvage surgery and intraoperative radiotherapy was associated with long-term survival in a small, but significant subset of patients.

Background: A multimodality approach to patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer that includes surgery is associated with a significant survival advantage when tumor-free margins are achieved. Patients with advanced tumors will require extended sacropelvic resection to optimize oncologic outcomes., Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the safety, feasibility, and oncologic outcomes of extended sacropelvic resection for locally recurrent rectal cancer at our institution., Design: A retrospective review identified 406 patients who had surgery for locally recurrent rectal cancer between 1997 and 2007. From this group, all patients who underwent a curative-intent sacropelvic resection were analyzed., Settings: This investigation was conducted at an academic tertiary referral center., Patients: Thirty patients (24 male) were identified. Median age was 59 years (range, 25-84). Operations were performed for a first local recurrence (n = 24), a second recurrence (n = 5) and for a third recurrence (n = 1)., Interventions: Twenty-six patients underwent neoadjuvant radiation, and 20 received intraoperative radiation therapy. All patients underwent extended sacropelvic resection., Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcomes measured were early (<30 days) and late (>30 days) surgical complications. Overall and disease-free survivals were estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier technique., Results: Margin-negative resection was achieved in 93%. The most proximal level of spinal transection was the fourth lumbar space, and 4 patients underwent lower extremity amputation. There was no mortality, and early morbidity was seen in 76%. Median follow-up was 2.7 years (range, 2 months to 10.8 years). Overall survival at 2 and 5 years was 86% and 46%. Disease-free survival at 2 and 5 years was 79% and 43%., Limitations: This study was limited by its retrospective nature and the limited number of patients., Conclusions: We found extended sacropelvic resection for locally recurrent rectal cancer to be feasible and safe with overall and disease-free survival rates in comparison with survival rates seen in patients undergoing nonsacropelvic resections for locally recurrent rectal cancer.

Background: Locally advanced, recurrent colorectal cancer involving the aortoiliac axis may be considered a contraindication for curative surgery because of the technical challenges of achieving a negative margin resection and an assumed poor prognosis., Objective: The aim of this study was to assess oncologic outcomes and the ability to achieve an R0 resection in these patients., Design: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained colorectal cancer database identified 406 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for locally recurrent colorectal cancer between 1997 and 2007., Setting: This study was conducted at an academic multidisciplinary tertiary center., Patients: The demographic and clinicopathological features of patients undergoing resection for locally advanced disease involving the aortoiliac axis at our institution were reviewed., Results: Twelve patients (7 women, median age 51 years) were identified. Major vessel involvement included internal iliac artery (n = 7), common iliac artery (n = 5), external iliac artery (n = 3), aorta (n = 3), internal iliac vein (n = 2), and external iliac vein (n = 1). R0 resection was achieved in 7 patients, and R1 resection in 5. Eleven patients received intraoperative radiation therapy. Vascular reconstruction (3 aorta, 5 common iliac, 3 external iliac) included synthetic interposition grafts, femoral-femoral bypasses, or primary anastomosis. One patient underwent venous reconstruction of the external iliac vein. No graft complications were encountered, and graft patency at 4 years was 100%. Thirty-day morbidity was seen in 9 patients, 8 of whom had Clavien grade <3. Thirty-day mortality was nil. Overall and disease-free survival at 4 years was 55% and 45%., Limitations: This study was limited by its sample size, retrospective design, and the number of outcome events., Conclusion: R0 resection of locally advanced recurrent colorectal cancer involving the aortoiliac axis was achieved in over 50% of patients. Overall and disease-free survival was comparable to outcomes seen with locally advanced disease to nonvascular structures.

Background: Surgical decision making and the use of neoadjuvant therapy in the management of solid presacral tumors rely greatly on an accurate preoperative diagnosis. The utility of preoperative biopsy has been questioned because of potential complications and the increasing accuracy of modern imaging., Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze biopsy-related morbidity and to compare the accuracy of imaging versus biopsy in making a preoperative diagnosis., Design: This study is a retrospective review of all patients who underwent biopsy of presacral tumors at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 1990 and 2010. The demographics, pathology, complications of biopsy, and imaging were reviewed. Biopsy results and radiologic findings were matched with the final pathology and analyzed., Settings: This study was conducted at a tertiary care center., Patients: Adult patients with solid presacral tumors who underwent preoperative biopsy were evaluated., Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcomes measured were the biopsy-related complications and the accuracy of preoperative imaging and biopsy in comparison with final pathology., Results: Seventy-six biopsies were performed in 73 patients. Fifty-six patients underwent percutaneous biopsies, 14 underwent open biopsies, and 3 underwent both. Biopsy-specific complications included 2 hematomas (1 open, 1 percutaneous). Preoperative biopsy correlated with the postoperative pathologic diagnosis in 63 patients (91%). Of the 6 solid presacral tumors diagnosed incorrectly on biopsy, 1 was falsely reported as benign. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of biopsy to detect malignant disease was 96%, 100%, 100%, and 98%. Ten of 35 patients (29%) with a definitive imaging diagnosis were given incorrect diagnoses. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of imaging to diagnose malignant disease was 83%, 81%, 83%, and 81%., Limitations: This investigation was designed as a retrospective study., Conclusion: Preoperative biopsy of presacral tumors is safe and highly concordant with postoperative pathology in comparison with imaging. Given the significant differences in therapeutic approach for benign versus malignant solid presacral tumors, as well as the current limitations of imaging, a percutaneous preoperative biopsy should be obtained to guide management decisions.

Background: A multimodality approach for locally recurrent colorectal cancer in the pelvis provides a significant survival advantage when negative margins are achieved. However, outcomes of surgical resection in patients who have locally re-recurrent disease in the pelvis are not well studied. Our aim was to assess the safety, feasibility of a negative margin resection, and survival outcomes in patients with pelvic locally re-recurrent colorectal cancer., Design: A retrospective review identified 406 patients who underwent surgery for locally recurrent colorectal cancer between 1997 and 2007. Patients who had locally re-recurrent disease in the pelvis who underwent curative-intent resection were identified., Results: Forty-seven patients (31 male) were identified. Median age was 57 years (range, 30-84 years). Median time to re-recurrence was 2.4 years (range, 0.5-5.6 years). Margin status following re-resection was R0 60%, R1 32%, and R2 8%. Nonbowel organs were resected en bloc in 81%, including 7 sacral resections. Intraoperative radiation was given to 77%. Morbidity occurred in 42%, with 6% requiring reoperation for complications. Thirty-day mortality was nil. Overall survival at 2 and 5 years was 83% and 33%. Disease-free survival at 2 and 5 years was 55% and 27%. Five-year survival for patients who had R0 and R1 resections was 37% and 42%, whereas no patients having an R2 resection survived beyond 2 years (p = 0.002)., Conclusions: In highly selected patients with re-recurrent colorectal cancer in the pelvis, we found that surgery could be performed safely and that a curative (R0) resection was possible in more than 50%. Two- and 5-year survival rates are comparable to results seen when surgery is done for first-time recurrences.

Background: Patients with chronic ulcerative colitis are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Limited data exists in ulcerative colitis patients with rectal cancer regarding clinical and oncologic outcomes, and the ideal operative approach., Objective: To describe our experience in the management of patients with rectal cancer in the setting of chronic ulcerative colitis and their outcomes., Design: This study is a retrospective review of all patients with ulcerative colitis who underwent a colorectal operation between 1990 and 2009., Settings: This study was conducted at a tertiary care center., Patients: Adult patients with rectal adenocarcinoma undergoing a colorectal operation for chronic ulcerative colitis were included in this study. Patients with colonic malignancy, indeterminate colitis, and Crohn's disease were excluded., Main Outcome Measures: Clinical features and long-term oncologic outcomes are described., Results: Forty-one patients were identified; their mean age was 53.9 years. Mean duration of ulcerative colitis was 22.5 years. Thirty-four patients (83%) were known to have cancer preoperatively; in 7 patients it was discovered on postoperative pathology. Eight of the tumors were in the proximal rectum, 19 in the mid rectum, and 13 in the distal rectum. The most common operation performed was total proctocolectomy with end ileostomy (n = 21), followed by IPAA. The majority of patients (n = 28, 68%) had stage I or II disease. Estimates of overall survival at 1 and 5 years were 83% and 62%, and, for disease-free survival, the estimates were 93% and 62%. Local and distant recurrence was seen in 5 and 9 patients. Eighty-nine percent of the observed recurrences were in patients with stage III and IV disease. Pouch failure occurred in 2 patients., Limitations: This retrospective study was possibly underpowered, given the small sample sizes., Conclusion: In our cohort, rectal cancer in the setting of chronic ulcerative colitis was rare, often presented at an early stage, and was not always diagnosed preoperatively. The presence of early-stage rectal cancer should not be considered a contraindication for IPAA.

Background: Despite its introduction in 1991, laparoscopic colectomy is performed in <10% of United States patients requiring colectomy. Laparoscopic colectomy is avoided principally because of its technical difficulty, steep learning curve, and increased operative times. Hand-assisted laparoscopic colectomy is an alternative technique that addresses these problems while preserving the short-term benefits of laparoscopic colectomy., Objective: To describe the utility and short-term outcomes, we evaluated 1103 patients who underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic colorectal resections over a 5-year period., Design: This study was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data., Settings: The setting was a single tertiary care institution., Patients: A total of 1103 consecutive hand-assisted laparoscopic colorectal resections from 2004 to 2009 were identified using a prospectively maintained database., Main Outcome Measures: Demographics, perioperative variables, and 30-day outcomes were reported. Data are presented as frequency (proportion) or median (interquartile range)., Results: A total of 1103 hand-assisted laparoscopic colorectal resections were documented. Median age of patients was 55 years; 47% were women, and median body mass index was 26.5 (range, 23-34) kg/m. Diagnoses included inflammatory bowel disease (35%), colorectal cancer (31%), diverticular disease (23%), and "other" (11%). Forty-two percent of patients had prior abdominal surgery. Segmental colectomies were performed in 533 (48%) patients, proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in 229 (21%), proctocolectomy with end ileostomy in 114 (10%), and "other" in 227 (21%). The conversion rate was 9%. Overall median operative time was 201 (range, 145-269) minutes, and the median postoperative length of stay was 5 (range, 4-7) days. Postoperative complications occurred in 27% and readmissions in 7%; mortality was 0.3%., Limitations: This was a single institutional retrospective study., Conclusions: Hand-assisted laparoscopic colorectal resection can be performed for numerous indications. It preserves nearly all the benefits of laparoscopic colectomy reported in the literature. With experience, it is associated with significantly reduced operative times. Wider adoption of hand-assisted laparoscopic colorectal surgery would increase the number of patients benefiting from minimal access colorectal surgery.

Background: Primary sclerosing cholangitis occurs in approximately 10% of patients with ulcerative colitis, but studies involving IPAA in patients with cholangitis have been reported in limited numbers., Objective: This study aimed to examine surgical outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis and sclerosing cholangitis undergoing total proctocolectomy with IPAA and to identify variables associated with surgical complications., Design: This is a retrospective cohort study., Settings: This study was conducted at a single tertiary referral institution., Patients: Included were all patients with cholangitis and ulcerative colitis who underwent proctocolectomy with IPAA from 1994 to 2005., Main Outcome Measures: Perioperative morbidity, long-term pouch function, and pouch survival were the main outcome measures., Results: One hundred patients (62 male) were studied. Forty-three percent were on steroids. There was no perioperative mortality, and 51 30-day complications occurred in 39 patients (39%). Median follow-up time was 5.9 years (range, 0.14-16.2 y). Pouch failure occurred in 3 patients (3%). The single variable that predicted 30-day morbidity was previous abdominal surgery (P = .03). Prednisone use, body mass index, age, ASA score, preoperative Model for End Stage Liver Disease score, and year of surgery were not significantly associated with short-term complications., Conclusions: IPAA can be performed safely in the setting of sclerosing cholangitis. The preoperative Model for End-stage Liver Disease Score and the use of preoperative immunosuppressive agents are not associated with an increased risk of complications. The likelihood of long-term pouch survival is excellent.

Purpose: Limited data exist regarding colon cancer literacy in screening colonoscopy patients. We aimed to prospectively assess baseline colon cancer literacy and to determine whether a multimedia educational intervention was associated with improved colon cancer literacy., Methods: Colon cancer literacy was assessed in a convenience sample of colonoscopy patients before and after educational intervention. Statistically significant associations with colon cancer literacy scores were assessed by use of multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results are frequency (proportion), mean +/- SD, and odds ratio (OR (95% CI))., Results: Seventy-three subjects participated: mean age, 57 +/- 12 years, 35 (48%) were women, 41 (57%) had a college degree, 43 (59%) had prior colonoscopy, 21 (29%) were accompanying family, and 16 (22%) were health care employees. Multivariate factors associated with a higher baseline colon cancer literacy score included health care employee status (7.9 (95% CI, 1.6-63); P = .02) and family colon cancer history (5.3 (95% CI, 1.3-25); P = .02). After multimedia education, mean scores improved from 53% +/- 23% to 88% +/- 12% (Delta = 35%; P < .0001). On univariate analysis, college-educated subjects had higher final scores (91% vs 83%; P = .007), but this association was not significant on multivariate regression (P = .07). Only baseline score was associated with higher postintervention score (1.7 (95% CI, 1.2-2.6); P = .005). Sixty-two subjects (86%) were very satisfied, and 70 (97%) would recommend the module to friends and family., Conclusion: A knowledge deficit of colon cancer-related concepts is frequently observed in patients undergoing screening colonoscopy. Multimedia-based educational intervention was an effective, satisfying strategy for addressing cancer-specific knowledge deficit in laypersons.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and short-term outcomes of three-stage minimally invasive surgery for fulminant ulcerative colitis., Methods: Using a prospective database, we identified all patients with ulcerative colitis who underwent minimally invasive surgery for both subtotal colectomy and subsequent ileal pouch-anal anastomosis at our institution from 2000 to 2007. Demographics and short-term outcomes were retrospectively evaluated., Results: During seven years, 50 patients underwent minimally invasive subtotal colectomy for fulminant ulcerative colitis; 50 percent were male, with a median age of 34 years. All patients had refractory colitis: 96 percent were taking steroids, 76 percent were recently hospitalized, 59 percent had >/=5 kg weight loss, 57 percent had anemia that required transfusions, 30 percent were on biologic-based therapy, and 96 percent had >/=1 severe Truelove & Witts' criteria. Of these 50 procedures, 72 percent were performed by using laparoscopic-assisted and 28 percent with hand-assisted techniques. The conversion rate was 6 percent. Subsequently, minimally invasive completion proctectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis was performed in 42 patients with a 2.3 percent conversion rate. Median length of stay after each procedure was four days. There was one anastomotic leak and no mortality., Conclusions: A staged, minimally invasive approach for patients with fulminant ulcerative colitis is technically feasible, safe, and reasonable operative strategy, which yields short postoperative length of stay.

Purpose: Parastomal hernias occur frequently in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who require a stoma and are associated with high recurrence rates. The tissue weakness at the site of hernia can be overcome by creating neofascia using two separate layers of human acellular dermal matrix., Methods: Thirteen consecutive patients with inflammatory bowel disease with symptomatic parastomal hernia underwent open parastomal hernia repair at an academic tertiary referral center whereby the posterior and anterior rectus fascia at the stoma site was reconstructed with human acellular dermal matrix. Patients were followed prospectively for 290 +/- 119 days (mean +/- standard deviation), and data were reviewed for rate of postoperative complications, hernia recurrence, and patient satisfaction., Results: Mean operative time was 233 +/- 80 (range, 129-355) minutes. No intraoperative complications occurred. Average hospital stay was 8.1 +/- 2.4 (range, 6-14) days. Postoperative complications included seroma formation, incisional separation (2 patients each, 15.4 percent), and superficial wound infection (1 patient, 7.7 percent). There were two cases of asymptomatic hernia recurrence as determined by computerized tomography. These patients did not require any intervention. Overall patient satisfaction with the procedure was high., Conclusions: In patients with parastomal hernia, reconstruction of the stoma site and abdominal wall with human acellular dermal matrix seems to be safe and results in high patient satisfaction.

Purpose: This study was designed to compare short-term outcomes after laparoscopic ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with those of open ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in patients with both sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis., Methods: Sixteen patients with sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis undergoing laparoscopic ileal pouch-anal anastomosis were matched with 16 open ileal pouch control subjects by sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists' score, age, and body mass index., Results: Operative mortality was zero. Operative time was longer in the laparoscopic group (500 +/- 125.8 vs. 381.8 +/- 60.9 minutes, P = 0.03). Thirty-day complications were not significantly different between groups (laparoscopic 25 percent vs. open 43.7 percent, P = 0.26). Length of stay was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic group (5.3 +/- 1.3 days vs. 9.9 +/- 3.3 days open, P < 0.001). Average return of gastrointestinal function was 2.5 days in the laparoscopic group and 4.8 days in the open group (P = 0.001). Time to soft diet was three days in the laparoscopic group and six days in the open group (P < 0.001). All patients were alive and all pouches were intact at last follow-up., Conclusions: Laparoscopic ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is feasible with apparent safety in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, resulting in shorter duration of hospital stay and quicker return of gastrointestinal function compared with the open procedure with no difference in perioperative complications, reoperations, and readmissions.

Purpose: This study was designed to compare self-reported sexual function, body image, and quality of life outcomes among ulcerative colitis patients undergoing laparoscopic or open ileal pouch-anal anastomosis., Methods: Between 1978 and 2004, 100 laparoscopic and 189 open operations were performed in patients who were identified from a previously published cohort. Patients were surveyed one year after operation to evaluate sexual function, body image, and quality of life., Results: A total of 125 of 289 patients (43 percent) returned completed surveys. There were no significant differences in terms of demographics, complications, or long-term functional outcomes between those who completed the surveys and those who did not. There were no clinical differences in results between laparoscopic and open patients using the three survey instruments. Orgasmic function scores were lower in men who underwent laparoscopic ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (P < 0.05) compared with open ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Overall, sexual function scores were equal to or better than normal values for men but were lower in women. Finally, overall body image and quality of life scores were above the means published for the United States., Conclusions: After ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, men and women reported excellent body image and high cosmetic and quality of life scores regardless of operative approach. Female sexual function was more adversely affected after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis than was male sexual function.

Purpose: This study was designed to assess the impact of pelvic radiotherapy on the incidence of complications and colostomy-free survival of patients after a coloanal anastomosis for rectal cancer., Methods: A total of 192 patients underwent a coloanal anastomosis between 1982 and 2001: 87 patients did not receive pelvic radiotherapy; 105 patients received pelvic radiotherapy (39 preoperative and 66 postoperative). Early and late complications requiring surgical intervention and the colostomy-free survival rate were assessed by retrospective review of patient records., Results: After a median follow-up of 62 months, 151 patients were alive. The most frequent complication was development of an anastomotic stricture (5-year rate of a stricture, 16 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 10-21). Patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy had a higher rate of complications other than anastomotic strictures, including fecal incontinence, fistulas, abscesses, and bowel obstructions compared with patients not receiving pelvic radiotherapy (5-year rate: 20 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 10-29) vs. 5 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 0-10); P = 0.001). Patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy had a lower colostomy-free survival than did patients not receiving pelvic radiotherapy (5-year colostomy-free rate: 72 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 62-84) vs. 92 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 86-98); P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the colostomy-free survival of patients receiving preoperative and postoperative pelvic radiotherapy., Conclusions: After coloanal anastomosis, a significant number of patients will have complications requiring surgical intervention, and some will require a permanent colostomy. Pelvic radiotherapy, whether it is administered preoperatively or postoperatively, significantly increases the need for a permanent colostomy.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the long-term functional and quality-of-life outcomes of patients after coloanal anastomosis for distal rectal cancer., Methods: A total of 192 patients underwent coloanal anastomosis between 1982 and 2001 at two tertiary referral institutions. Standardized and validated questionnaires to assess functional and quality-of-life outcomes were mailed to 151 patients, of which 121 patients responded (median follow-up, 65 months)., Results: Patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy had more bowel function problems than patients who did not receive pelvic radiotherapy. No significant differences in relevant functional and quality-of-life outcomes were seen among patients who received preoperative or postoperative pelvic radiotherapy. Patients requiring permanent diversion as a result of complications of the surgery had decreased quality of life., Conclusions: Coloanal anastomosis for distal rectal cancer has favorable long-term outcomes. Pelvic radiotherapy has an adverse effect on subsequent bowel function (whether given preoperatively or postoperatively) in patients who maintain intestinal continuity. Loss of intestinal continuity after a coloanal anastomosis is associated with diminished quality of life.

Purpose: Functional outcomes in laparoscopic-assisted ileal pouch-anal anastomosis have been incompletely studied. More than one-year follow-up has rarely been reported in these patients. This study was designed to assess operative, functional, and quality of life outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis or familial adenomatous polyposis a minimum of one year after., Methods: Thirty-three laparoscopic-assisted ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and 33 open ileal pouch-anal anastomosis patients, with a median of 13 months and minimum of 12 months follow-up, were identified from a prospective, laparoscopic database. Functional outcome was prospectively assessed by using a standardized survey. These cohorts were matched by individual patient for year of surgery, age, gender, body mass index, and indication., Results: Median age was 27 years (open) and 28 years (laparoscopic). There were 27 females and 6 males in each group. All operations occurred between 1999 and 2001. Median body mass index was 22.3 (open) and 21.7 (laparoscopic) groups. There were no significant differences in diagnosis, use of diversion, and anastomotic technique. Postoperative morbidity occurred in 6 percent of the laparoscopic cases and 12 percent of the open cases. Functional outcome after a minimum of one year revealed equivalent median day and median nocturnal number of stools of six to seven and one to two respectively. Consistency of stool, medication usage, and continence were no different between groups. Daytime and nocturnal incontinence was similar. Quality of life in regard to social, home life, family, travel, sports, recreation, and sex life were equivalent., Conclusions: The function and quality of life outcomes for patients undergoing laparoscopic-assisted ileal pouch-anal anastomosis seem to be equivalent to our open experience. Laparoscopic-assisted ileal pouch-anal anastomosis offers selected patients a safe, feasible, and durable alternative.

Purpose: Local excision for early-staged rectal cancers is controversial. Preoperative understaging is not uncommon and radical resection after local resection may be needed for a curative treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and outcome of radical resection (within 30 days) after local excision for rectal adenocarcinoma., Methods: All locally excised rectal cancers (curative intent) that required radical surgery within 30 days were reviewed (1980-2000). T2-3N0-1 stage cancers were each matched to three primary radical surgery controls for stage, age (+/- 5 years), gender, date (+/- 1 years), and type (abdominoperineal resection or low anterior resection) of operation. T1N0-1 cancers were compared with stage-matched rectal cancers treated by either primary radical surgery (n = 78) or local excision alone (n = 77)., Results: Fifty-two locally excised rectal adenocarcinomas (29 transanal and 23 polypectomies) were followed by radical surgery (24 abdominoperineal resection and 28 low anterior resection) within 7 (range, 1-29) days. Radical surgery was performed because of a cancerous polyp (n = 42), positive margins (5), lymphovascular invasion (3), and T3-staged cancer (2). Twelve of 52 cancers (23 percent) were found to have nodal involvement and 15 of 52 (29 percent) showed residual cancer in the resected specimen. The T2-3N0-1 stage controls were well matched. No significant difference in tumor location, size, adjuvant therapy, or length of follow-up was noted. Local and distant recurrence occurred in 2 of 4 T2-3N1 tumors and in 2 of 11 T2-3N0 cancers and were comparable to the matched controls, as was survival, with the exception of shorter survival in T3N1 cases, but numbers were too small for a definitive conclusion. Length of follow-up was not different. For T1 cancers, the controls were also comparable regarding patient and tumor demographics and adjuvant therapy. Nodal involvement was 21 percent in T1 study cases and 15 percent in T1 primary radical-surgery controls, with a trend toward location in the lower third of the rectum in both groups (58 percent and 50 percent, respectively). Local recurrence rates were 3 percent in the study group, 5 percent for patients undergoing primary radical surgery, and 8 percent for local excision alone. Distant metastasis (11 percent, 12 percent, and 13 percent, respectively) and overall five-year survival were also not significantly different (78 percent, 89 percent, and 73 percent, respectively)., Conclusions: Nodal involvement in attempted locally excised rectal cancers is not uncommon. Local excision of rectal tumors followed by radical surgery within 30 days in cancer patients does not compromise outcome compared with primary radical surgery. Even after radical surgery for superficial T1 rectal cancers, recurrence rates are not insignificant. Future improvements in preoperative staging may be helpful in selecting tumors for local excision only.