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Abstract: Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 autoimmune encephalitis is a treatable cause of autoimmune epilepsy associated with faciobrachial dystonic seizures-a rare form of epilepsy with frequent brief seizures primarily affecting the arm and face. We report a case with characteristic imaging findings. 18 F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated severe hypometabolism in the left basal ganglia, a regional abnormality associated with leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 encephalitis., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Abstract: PET imaging plays an essential role in achieving earlier and more specific diagnoses of dementia syndromes, important for clinical prognostication and optimal medical management. This has become especially vital with the recent development of pathology-specific disease-modifying therapy for Alzheimer disease, which will continue to evolve and require methods to select appropriate treatment candidates. Techniques that began as research tools such as amyloid and tau PET have now entered clinical use, making nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists essential members of the care team. This review discusses recent changes in the understanding of dementia and examines the roles of nuclear medicine imaging in clinical practice. Within this framework, multiple cases will be shown to illustrate a systematic approach of FDG PET interpretation and integration of PET imaging of specific molecular pathology including dopamine transporters, amyloid, and tau. The approach presented here incorporates contemporary understanding of both common and uncommon dementia syndromes, intended as an updated practical guide to assist with the sophisticated interpretation of nuclear medicine examinations in the context of this rapidly and continually developing area of imaging., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)