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In most western legal systems, only the fact-finder (judge or jury) is entrusted to make the ultimate decision in a criminal case. A forensic expert can help the fact-finder by opining on the weight of the forensic evidence given the hypotheses relevant to the case, but is not qualified to give an opinion about the ultimate question(s). When the question is reduced to two simple hypotheses, a Bayes Factor can express the expert's opinion about the extent to which the forensic evidence favours each hypothesis. This paper addresses the situation in which one or both of the hypotheses are composite, that is, embrace more than one possibility. It offers an interval of Bayes Factors, and shows that the proposed interval includes those values, and only those values, of the Bayes Factor supported by possible beliefs of the fact-finder. Shoe prints, tool marks and DNA are discussed in this light if the hypotheses used in the Bayes Factor are composite., Funding Agencies|Qatar National Library

Purpose – Knowledge regarding the importance of the psychosocial work environment for health and wellbeing in the workplace is extensive. However, more knowledge is needed about how the managers’ organizational conditions are related to what occupational health and safety management (OHSM) is actually conducted and how this relates to the work-related health of employees. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate if managers’ organizational conditions are associated with the conducted OHSM, and if the conducted OHSM is associated with the psychosocial work environment and well-being of the employees. Design/methodology/approach – An electronic questionnaire was sent to managers and their employees working in 10 different organizations in Sweden, resulting in 1,097 valid responses. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the results. Findings – The SEM analysis showed that managers’ conditions were related to employee well-being via OHSM and psychosocial work environment (job demands and job resources). Originality/value – This study contributes to the existing literature in the field of OHSM by placing explicit focus on the role of organizational conditions for conducting OHSM. By studying not only the link between work environment and health, but also focus on the underlying organizational structures for OHSM, provides additional possibilities for prevention of the increasing work-related illness. As such, this paper contributes to a more holistic perspective in the field of OHSM., Funding: Forte: Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare [2019-00851]

This article looks at a challenge-based learning (CBL) approach that aims to engage students in sustainable transitions within urban and regional planning. Drawing on CBL, we focus on how living labs – the idea of using a city as a site for user-driven innovation and development – can be used as a site and methodology in education and research on planning for sustainability. The paper presents insight from teaching planning master’s students and a living lab initiative in Linköping, Sweden. We aim to contribute to research on how to teach sustainable transitions within urban and regional planning by focusing on CBL and propose a methodology using a challenge-driven living lab aimed at supporting sustainable transformation learning. We mean that educational engagement with living lab approaches can be both a study tool and potentially an arena for change. Our experiences from teaching a living lab exercise illustrate the value of working with challenge based-learning approaches and “real-life” challenges, the added value from projects consisting of various actors including external groups, and the need for constructive peer-based and student-led learning. We suggest that a challenge-driven living lab methodology can be useful in teaching sustainable transformation in Geography and Planning and have wider implications.

The increasing digitisation of healthcare services has transformed healthcare provision into a data-centric enterprise. Thinking with Joan Tronto and her notion of care, we study medical data practices in the context of a health-tech company developing an algorithmically driven platform to match patients and their physicians with clinical trials. What does it mean to pose the patient in the centre in such a context? In this paper, we show how the enactments of patient-centrism translate to multidimensional enactments of data care for a diversity of domain experts handling medical data, informed by the values and backgrounds of each 'data handler' situated within the concerns of their domain expertise. Where data experts engage solely with the patients' data to facilitate data creation for the platform's algorithmic system, the quest for data quality depends on the preceding practices of care and affective labour about and for the patients. We show how patients get help to torque their medical records and histories into data to fit the demands of the system to ensure access to experimental treatments and clinical trials. We demonstrate how patient-centrism manifests as care for data quality, shaped throughout by differentiated concerns for regulatory compliance. Finally, we argue that regulatory compliance constitutes a care practice across data work that is diversified in its enactments by the experts' domain concerns and backgrounds., Funding Agencies|HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions [955990]

How can the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) be made more effective? This paper argues that in order to make the UNFCCC fit for purpose, there is a need to identify the specific institutional reforms that can create ripple effects to accelerate climate action across governance levels and relevant organisations. Longstanding calls to reform the UNFCCC have targeted inefficient procedures with the intent to promote effective outcomes and - after entry into force of the Paris Agreement - to transform the UNFCCC towards holding more implementation-focused deliberations. Despite such calls, UNFCCC reform has been modest, at best. Central to the failure of reform proposals are vested interests with conflicts of interest that seek to obstruct climate action. Without addressing these elephants in the room, reform proposals will make modest contributions to overcoming key challenges. It is due time to start retargeting institutional reform from addressing procedural inefficiencies at the UNFCCC towards addressing vested interests. We propose a new research agenda to understand ways to undermine incumbent actors seeking to preserve business as usual and support new entrants that facilitate climate action through green spiralling. A reform process addressing vested interests could improve both procedural efficiency and implementation., Funding Agencies|Indra Overland - Swedish Research Council Formas [2019-01973]

Repetition has often been argued to be a semiotic device that iconically signifies 'more content', such as intensity and plurality. However, through multimodal interaction analysis of materials in English, Estonian, and Swedish, this paper demonstrates how self-repetition is used to coordinate actions across participants and temporally organize the ongoing activity. The data are taken from infant mealtimes, pilates classes, dance training, boardgames, rock climbing, and opera rehearsals. Repetition of both lexical and non-lexical tokens can prolong, postpone, and generally organize segments of action as well as co-create rhythms and moves in a moment-by-moment reflexive relationship with other (non-vocalizing) participants. A crucial feature of repetitions is that they can be flexibly extended to fit the other's public performance, its launching, continuation, and projectable completion. We argue that the iconicity of repetition emerges through its indexical relationship to other bodies, as a real-time jointly achieved phenomenon., Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council [2016-00827, P21-0447]

This paper examines spontaneous conversations about word meaning in a bilingual preschool in Sweden. This qualitative empirical study is grounded in an ethnomethodological theoretical framework and contributes to research on multilingualism by using a sociocultural lens to examine mundane linguistic experiences of very young children who learn to speak in more than one language. The data comprise video-recordings of naturally occurring interactions among teachers and children in a Swedish-English preschool with a one teacher-one language policy. The data were collected during ethnographic fieldwork in an urban area in Sweden. Approached with multimodal interactional analysis, the data draw attention to teachers’ everyday didactics, including their professional strategies for initiating spontaneous vocabulary work and orchestrating multiparty engagement in the collaborative discovery of meaning, and children’s participation. The analysis discusses strategies for providing word definitions and demonstrates mundane institutional contexts outside of the classroom setting where such interactions were possible. Both teachers and children engaged in vocabulary exploration by using words in a situated, locally meaningful way. The study highlights that the teachers followed the preschool’s language policy and embodied monolingual identities, while orienting to children as multilingual learners and supporting their language development.

This paper examines quantile coherency in bonds, commodities, currencies, and equities using a novel quantile coherency approach. While recent literature has explored single-frequency tail and time-frequency dependence in asset returns, we provide fresh evidence on asset return dependence across quantiles (proxying business cycles or market conditions) at different frequencies (representing investment horizons). Considering sixty-seven individual asset return series in four asset classes, we observe that low frequency (yearly) dependence is stronger in the bond, foreign exchange, and equity markets. Specifically, we find strong dependence between the German and French bond markets, heating oil and crude oil, gold and silver, British Pound, and Euro, French and German and Canadian and US equities. As we report asset return interdependence in different business cycles and at different time horizons, these results have important implications for portfolio allocation and investment strategy formulation.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine interrupted the processes of digital reformation of the state which had been started after 2014 in favor of European integration and further democratic development. Nevertheless, nationwide digitalization had not slowed down in 2022-2023, and the Ukrainian government continued the path of digital transformation of public services. Blackouts and infrastructure damage created significant barriers, but simultaneously, the government's inability to refer to new challenges immediately activated civil society. Civic activists started cooperating to help local authorities deliver services to citizens, especially those which could not meet their new needs related to the war, such as the formation of databases of new vulnerable groups’ needs and the creation of platforms for mutual help. The paper considers how the processes of digital services provision were changed in times of war, highlighting the new role of civil mobilization by using technology, and discusses implications for research and peaceful practice.

This paper examines the relationship between firms' sustainability practices and their value during a crisis when overall trust and support are lacking in the economy. While a handful of studies explore this research agenda concentrating on the US context and a standalone crisis, we provide novel evidence on the Asia Pacific region considering three global crises. Applying difference-in-differences regressions, we find that high-sustainability companies posted superior value during the global financial crisis and the European debt crisis. This result, however, does not hold for the COVID-19 crisis. This key finding passes several endogeneity tests (firm-fixed effect, propensity score matching, and post-crisis interaction). As we explore potential mechanisms of firm resistance during crises and apply a triple difference approach, we find evidence that firm value was intensified during the crises due to sustainability activities coupled with high customer loyalty, high institutional ownership, and a low degree of information asymmetry. Finally, although high sustainability performance generally positively impacted firm value during crises, this relationship was negative (weaker) for the highly impacted industries (the emerging countries) included in the sample. Our key finding continues to hold for a set of robustness checks. The outcome of this study provides significant policy directions to regulators, corporate managers, and investment professionals., Funding Agencies|Asian Development Bank

Through a systematic review and meta-analysis of research on individual health and well-being outcomes this paper examines the consequences of witnessing, and thereby being a bystander to, workplace bullying. The review was limited to peer-reviewed primary observational studies with cross-sectional or prospective research design which included findings on outcomes among witnesses to bullying. The review identified 24 relevant studies from 13 countries. Eighty-eight percent of the studies were published from 2010 and onwards. Most studies used cross-sectional single source data from non-probability samples, mainly comprising female respondents from Western countries. Although cross-sectional findings indicated significant associations between witnessing bullying and outcomes such as mental health, job dissatisfaction, and turnover intent, the review show that we need to consider reverse causation, the witness's own exposure to bullying, their proximity and identification with the target, as well as their helping behavior, to understand the true magnitude of the association. Witnessing and being a bystander to bullying is a complex phenomenon and the magnitude of the outcomes relies on a range of third variables and indirect relationships. There is a need for more research to fully understand the consequences of witnessing bullying in the workplace.

The global energy sector is experiencing a transition towards renewable energy primarily driven by issues related to climate change and energy security. In this paper, we investigate the impact of uncertainties and potential drivers connected to energy security on the volatilities and returns of renewable energy stocks. Further, we examine how uncertainty and potential drivers connected to energy security affect the volatilities and returns of renewable energy stocks. By applying the MS-GARCH (1,1) and MS-GJR-GARCH (1,1) approach we calculate the Value at Risk (VaR) and Conditional Value-at Risk (CVaR). In addition, we estimate a fixed effects model to determine the impact of the uncertainty variables on the estimated conditional volatility and returns. Our findings indicate that economic policy uncertainty (EPU) positively impacts the returns of renewable stocks, attributing to an increased engagement towards a renewable transition. However, the prices of crucial green metals were found to have a negative impact on renewable stocks suggesting that the transition to renewable energy might impose implications regarding energy security if not managed correctly. The findings of this study have important implications for policymakers, market participants, and governmental agencies in devising a roadmap to promote the transition process to renewable energy sources.

While numerous empirical papers have investigated the volatility dynamics of Chinese clean energy equity markets, this is among the first studies to assess the impact of climate uncertainty on the risk levels of such assets. Given that China is extensively investing in green projects to achieve carbon neutrality, this strand of research offers important implications for investors and policymakers. Methodologically, we employ the GARCH-MIDAS model to examine the effect of the climate policy uncertainty (CPU) index on the volatility levels of the Chinese clean energy exchange-traded fund (ETF). We compare the effects of the CPU index with leading uncertainty indicators, including the crude oil volatility index, geopolitical risk, and technology sector volatility. The in-sample and out-of-sample analyses show that CPU has significant predictive contents for forecasting the volatility of renewable energy ETF and that the GARCH-MIDAS-CPU process outperforms other approaches. These results offer key implications for policymakers and socially responsible investors.

Research on social work’s relation to local political decisions and the design of political policy documents is scarce. This paper analyses the design of local political policies for elder care in Sweden’s 290 municipalities. The policies determine delegation, i.e. care managers’ legal right to make decisions about the welfare services given to older people. By mapping documents for delegation, the results show that care managers’ delegation varies considerably between municipalities, e.g. by the decision-making being conditioned to local political guidelines, or by consultation with a manager. The Principal Agent theory (PAT) is used to discuss the findings. Analysed through the PAT, care managers can be understood as agents set to perform tasks on behalf of the politicians. Local policies can be viewed as a tool for political control by minimising risks of unpredictability and arbitrariness in decision-making. This raises questions about the role of care managers and the extent of their professional freedom while assessing needs to ensure older people a reasonable standard of living. The results highlight the importance of accounting for the structural political context and its consequences for frontline bureaucrats., Forskning om det sociala arbetets relation till lokalpolitiska beslut och utformningen av politiska policydokument är bristfällig. I denna artikel analyseras utformningen av lokalpolitiska policys för äldreomsorg i Sveriges 290 kommuner. Policydokumenten fastställer biståndshandläggares delegation – deras legala beslutsfattande om bistånd till äldre. Kartläggningen och kodningen av delegationsordningarna visar att biståndshandläggares delegation varierar avsevärt mellan Sveriges kommuner, exempelvis genom att villkora att beslutsfattandet ska följa lokala riktlinjer eller föregås av samråd med en chef. Resultatet diskuteras utifrån principal–agent teorin. Sett i ljuset av principal–agent teorin så kan biståndshandläggare betraktas som agenter – satta att utföra uppgifter på uppdrag av lokalpolitiker. Lokala policys kan ses som ett verktyg för att möjligliggöra politisk kontroll genom att minska risken för oförutsägbarhet och godtycklighet i beslutsfattandet. Detta väcker frågor om biståndshandläggares roll och omfattningen av deras professionella frihet i att bedöma behov för att tillgodose äldre en skälig levnadsnivå. Resultatet lyfter fram vikten av att synliggöra den strukturella politiska kontexten och dess konsekvenser för frontlinjebyråkrater.

Despite the number of studies confirming a high degree of unpredictability in managerial work, little is still known about how managers? workplace learning happens within organisations in such circumstances. This paper therefore aims to contribute knowledge about managers? learning in managerial practice when work is unpredictable, by investigating how first-line managers deal with unforeseen situations and how they learn in such circumstances in everyday work. Data was collected via qualitative interviews with 40 first-line managers in Swedish elderly care. By using a theoretical framework based on practice and workplace learning theories, the paper analyses how managers address unpredictability in work through three embedded practices: maintaining, modifying and inventing. The paper goes beyond research on leadership training and leadership development by contributing knowledge about the everyday learning of first-line managers when their work is unpredictable. The unpredictable managerial work does not always create chaos; instead, there are very orderly ways of learning from dealing with unforeseen situations. The unforeseen is not as unpredictable as it might seem in managerial work. On the other hand, that which is not yet known calls for an inventing practice, which results in managers learning to take new paths that can create new practices.

This paper reflects on the origins and subsequent reception of the paper "Ontological Gerrymandering: The anatomy of social problems explanations", published in 1985. It describes the circumstances of my turning up at McGill University as a Visiting Professor in Sociology and meeting Dorothy, then a graduate student and the TA assigned to an undergraduate course on Social Problems which I was asked to teach. The paper reflects on the twin benefits: of an interloper, from Europe and from Science and Technology Studies (STS), entering the exotic and heady fray of North American social problems; and of Dorothys steady and resolute guidance in introducing me to a new field. The paper suggests some reasons for the endurance of the papers arguments, more than 35 years after its publication, drawing on some parallel developments in Social Problems and STS. It asks why has there been rather little mutual interaction between these disciplines, given their common concern with questions, among others, about values, effects and interventions in academic scholarship. The paper concludes that many more of us might have done well to pursue the path of strident agnosticism.

This paper analyzes how incumbent firms act to shape markets for new technology alternatives. It introduces a framework that highlights important linkages between the dynamic market-shaping capabilities of individual firms and market-shaping processes on a system level. The framework is used to analyze the endeavors of two large heavy vehicle manufacturers to introduce two technology platforms-electrified trucks and trucks fueled by liquefied gas-as alternatives to traditional diesel-fueled trucks. The analysis shows how incumbent firms deploy market-shaping capabilities to claim legitimate positions in envisioned future markets. The paper concludes by pointing to the dynamism of market interactions in sustainability transitions, showing how firms induce system-level reconfigurations and how such reconfigurations induce changes at the level of the firm., Funding Agencies|Energimyndigheten [P46351-1]; Riksbankens Jubileumsfond [P18-0588-1]

Decades of techno-economic energy policymaking and research have meant evidence from the Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH)-including critical reflections on what changing a societys relation to energy (efficiency) even means-have been underutilised. In particular, (i) the SSH have too often been sidelined and/or narrowly pigeonholed by policymakers, funders, and other decision-makers when driving research agendas, and (ii) the setting of SSH-focused research agendas has not historically embedded inclusive and deliberative processes. The aim of this paper is to address these gaps through the production of a research agenda outlining future SSH research priorities for energy efficiency. A Horizon Scanning exercise was run, which sought to identify 100 priority SSH questions for energy efficiency research. This exercise included 152 researchers with prior SSH expertise on energy efficiency, who together spanned 62 (sub-)disciplines of SSH, 23 countries, and a full range of career stages. The resultant questions were inductively clustered into seven themes as follows: (1) Citizenship, engagement and knowledge exchange in relation to energy efficiency; (2) Energy efficiency in relation to equity, justice, poverty and vulnerability; (3) Energy efficiency in relation to everyday life and practices of energy consumption and production; (4) Framing, defining and measuring energy efficiency; (5) Governance, policy and political issues around energy efficiency; (6) Roles of economic systems, supply chains and financial mechanisms in improving energy efficiency; and (7) The interactions, unintended consequences and rebound effects of energy efficiency interventions. Given the consistent centrality of energy efficiency in policy programmes, this paper highlights that well-developed SSH approaches are ready to be mobilised to contribute to the development, and/or to understand the implications, of energy efficiency measures and governance solutions. Implicitly, it also emphasi, Funding Agencies|European Union [826025]

This paper examines the early years of decision making in the award of the Nobel Prize in physics and chemistry, and shows how the prize became a tool in the boundary work which upheld the social demarcations between scientists and inventors, as well as promoting a particular normative view of individual scientific achievement. The Nobel committees were charged with rewarding scientific achievements that benefited humankind: their interpretation of that criterion, however, turned in the first instance on their assessment of the groundbreaking nature of the science, with the applied or practical benefits of that discovery being treated as very much secondary factors in the award. Through an interrogation of the reports sent by the committees to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, this paper shows how committee members depended on a notion of post-dated utilitarianism in reconciling potential tension between rewarding basic and applied science, and explores the ways in which the annual prize both shaped, and was shaped by, media perceptions of scientific virtue., Funding Agencies|European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union [741095-PASSIM-ERC-2016-AdG]

Understanding how car travel and ownership respond to income and fuel prices, and how that response varies between households is crucial for car use policies and forecasts. This thesis, consisting of two papers, aims to investigate this by estimating the intemporal income and fuel price elasticities of car use using micro registry panel data on all Swedish households from 1998 to 2018. In Paper I, the income and fuel price elasticities of vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT) is estimated for all Swedish households using a linear fixed effects model. In order to investigate how different groups respond, the elasticities are estimated by income group and municipality type. The effect of income and fuel prices on VKT is largest in the middle of the income distribution but is relatively stable across municipality types. The effect of fuel prices on VKT is largest in densely populated municipalities compared to rural municipalities. Moreover, it is shown that the income elasticity is underestimated if income variable is misspecified. Paper II utilises a discrete-continuous model accounting for the effect of income and fuel prices on car ownership. It is shown that income impacts car ownership and VKT conditional on car ownership of similar magnitude, while fuel prices primarily impact VKT conditional on car ownership. Furthermore, we also estimate the model on six partially overlapping sample periods and find that the income elasticity has decreased over time, while the absolute fuel price elasticity increased up until the early 2010s and decreased thereafter., 2022-10-13: ISBN (PDF) has been added in the E-version.

Prosocial behaviors benefit other people and range from donations to charity to behavior limiting the spread of disease, such as masking and vaccination. The overarching purpose of this thesis was to contribute to our understanding of how social norms and conformity affect prosocial behavior. Here, three norm-related factors that affect such prosocial behavior were investigated: observability, avoidance and conditionality. Observability concerns whether a person is being observed during prosocial decisions, which can typically increase conformity to norms. Avoidance concerns whether a person avoids or seeks out knowledge about prosocial norms. Conditionality concerns the conditional nature of when behavior shifts occur in relation to others behavior. For instance, a person may want to follow a prosocial norm only if a very large majority adheres to it, or only if the goal of the norm is realistic to attain. Paper I focused on observability of prosocial decisions. Making decisions while knowing they would be shown to others increased prosocial behavior in the form of cooperation in a Public Goods Game, and preferences for deontological choices in moral dilemmas, but not donations given to charity. Paper II examined the existence of avoidance behavior regarding social norm about donations. Such norm avoiders appeared to be comprised of both prosocial and less prosocial individuals. Paper III investigated the interplay between descriptive (what people do) and injunctive (what one should do) norms in regards to masking during COVID-19. Paper IV then explored how varying the goal set for a prosocial norm affects willingness to try to achieve the goal, in the context of thresholds for herd immunity and vaccines for COVID-19. Some individuals were demotivated by seeing a higher goal as harder to achieve and others were motivated by believing a higher goal to lead to more people getting vaccinated. Taken together, these papers point to the inherent complexity of how norms r, Prosocialt beteende gynnar andra människor och sträcker sig från donationer till välgörenhet till smittminskande beteende såsom att bära munskydd och att vaccinera sig. Syftet med denna avhandling var att bidra till förståelsen av hur sociala normer och konformitet påverkar prosocialt beteende. Här undersöktes tre norm-relaterade faktorer som påverkar prosocialt beteende: observerbarhet, undvikande och konditionalitet. Observerbarhet handlar här om hur personer agerar när de är observerade och fattar prosociala beslut. Undvikande rör huruvida en person undviker eller söker upp information om prosociala normer. Konditionalitet rör det villkorsberoende sätt som ens beteende beror på andras beteende. Till exempel kan personer vara villiga att följa prosociala normer endast om en väldigt stor majoritet följer normen, eller endast om målet för normen är realistiskt att uppnå. Papper I fokuserade på observerbarhet av prosociala beslut. Att fatta sina beslut under vetskapen att de skulle visas för andra ökade prosocialt beteende i form av samarbete i Public Goods Game, samt preferenser för deontologiska handlingar i moraliska dilemman, men inte i form av donationer till välgörenhet. Papper II undersökte existensen av undvikande beteende gällande sociala normer kring donationer. De som är norm-undvikare verkar bestå av både prosociala och mindre prosociala individer. Papper III undersökte samspelet mellan deskriptiva (vad folk gör) och injunktiva (vad man bör göra) normer gällande munskydd under COVID-19. Papper IV utforskade sedan hur olika typer av mål för en prosocial norm påverkar villighet att försöka uppnå målet, i kontexten av trösklar för flockimmunitet och vaccination mot COVID-19. Vissa individer blev demotiverade av att se ett högt mål som svårt att uppnå, medans andra motiverades av att tro att ett högt mål skulle leda till att fler personer vaccinerade sig. Sammantaget så ger dessa studier en inblick i komplexiteten bakom hur normer relaterar till prosocialt be

This paper contributes knowledge on the effects of materiality and space on teaching and equal access to teacher education. Through an intersectional analysis, with a specific focus on orientations, bodies and materiality, we show how student-bodies orientate closer to or further from various parts of teacher education as an effect of the materiality of emergency remote vs. on-campus education. We elaborate on three different student-body orientating processes that take place during teacher education. These are all related to the emergency remote education implemented as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. We call these processes ‘remote education as relief’, ‘the embodiedness of raising the hand on Zoom’ and ‘energy-draining pre-recorded lectures’. We show how the materiality of emergency-remote education orientates the participants situated within the bodily horizons of intersectional positions of being deaf, female, racialized as non-white and not having Swedish as a first language, both closer to and further away from various parts of their teacher education. The analysis is based on both individual and group interviews with twelve teacher students. The paper contributes insights to emergency-remote education, remote education and on-campus educating.

In this paper we develop two methods for the use of mobile phone data to support the estimation of long-distance mode choice models. Both methods are based on logit formulations in which we define likelihood functions and use maximum likelihood estimation. Mobile phone data consists of information about a sequence of antennae that have detected each phone, so the mode choice is not actually observed. In the first trip-based method, the mode of each trip is inferred by a separate procedure, and the estimation process is then straightforward. However, since it is not always possible to determine the mode choice with certainty (although it is possible in the majority of cases), this method might give biased results. In our second antenna-based method we therefore base the likelihood function on the sequences of antennae that have detected the phones. The estimation aims at finding a parameter vector in the mode choice model that would explain the observed sequences best. The main challenge with the antenna-based method is the need for detailed resolution of the available data. In this paper we show the derivation of the two methods, that they coincide in case of certainty about the chosen mode and discuss the validity of assumptions and their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, we apply the first trip-based method to empirical data and compare the results of two different ways of implementing it.

This paper presents a picture of the risk spillover relationship of green & black bonds in Asia. In normal situations and the long-term horizon, green bonds and black bonds have similar impacts with each other, with a slight predominance of black bonds. Based on the dynamic connectedness results, we classify the sample period into three stages. The first stage is a period with equal role of green and black bonds from Jan 2018 to Feb 2020, which is regarded as a normal situation of the bond market. The second stage is an unbalanced period with a pivotal point of the Covid-19, demonstrating an increased gap of the connectedness exported by green and black bonds. The third stage is the recovery period after Oct 2020, where we see a correction with the role of green and black bonds recovering gradually to the equal status. In addition, the green-to-black connectedness in longer term witnesses faster and stronger recovery, which suggests that the long-term influences of green bonds are relatively stable than the short-term influences. Moreover, the paper tests the effects of the same issuer. Our analysis shows that there are strong connections among bonds in the Philippines that are issued by the same institution. However, the same issuer is not a sufficient condition for a strong connectedness. Furthermore, our analysis in China Mainland, reveals that the green policy will firstly cause the change of green bonds price and then spillover the impact to conventional markets. Through the study of the drivers of connectedness dynamics in four directions (green-to-green, black-to-black, green-to-black, black-to-green), we present empirical findings that are crucial for investors and policymakers in risk management, hedging strategy, and green investment acceleration.

This perspective paper illustrates that the critical debate regarding geological storage of carbon dioxide has been discursively marginalised in recent years. However, two crucial factors make it reasonable to assume that significant storage-related uncertainties and challenges still exist. Firstly, experiences of geological storage are primarily related to enhanced oil recovery. Secondly, recent assessments indicate a doubling of the required quantity compared to what was envisioned back in 2005. Therefore, there seems to be a contradiction: as the visions of geological carbon dioxide storage have grown increasingly ambitious, the risks and challenges associated with storage have been marginalised. The paper suggests geological storage should become a topic of concern for critical social science and concludes with a reflection on five tentative explanations to the discursive marginalisation: 1) Increasing experience and knowledge have resulted in reduced risks; 2) The climate crisis and urgency have supported a broader acceptance of controversial mitigation options; 3) A shifting focus from fossil fuels with CCS to bioenergy with CCS has introduced new and salient problems that make storage-related challenges seem relatively less significant; 4) Coupling CCS to bioenergy has disarmed critics that primarily argue against prolongation of the fossil fuel era, and finally 5) Familiarisation and normalisation processes., Funding: Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development (Formas) within the National Research Programme on Climate "Visions and Conditions for a Fossil-Free Welfare Society" [2019-01973]; Seedbox-A Mistra-Formas Environmental Humanities Collaboratory

This paper explores the potentials and limitations of transdisciplinary research on sustainability issues characterized by extensive uncertainty and complexity. Transdisciplinary approaches that support the co-creation of knowledge in collaboration between science and society are advocated in research that aims to explore pathways for societal transformations towards sustainability. However, there is limited research on how co-creation research plays out in practice and what are its implications, in particular with regards to how data collection and analysis can be developed to increase the quality and reliability of the research, and to the roles that researchers themselves play in shaping the research. This paper makes two contributions: First, it offers insight into the design and implementation of co-creation endeavors based on scholarly literature as well as experiences from a research program that seeks to support foresight capacity for sustainable development under geopolitical uncertainties. Second, the paper elaborates methodological support for co-creation research by highlighting the potential of co-dissemination for transdisciplinarity and arguing for a systematic approach to reflection and self-reflexivity. Specifically, the paper reflects on experiences from the ongoing Mistra Geopolitics research program, which explores the intersections between geopolitics and sustainable development, and where co-creation has been at the core since the start of the program. We explore three stages in transdisciplinary research: (i) co-design of the research agenda, (ii) co-production of knowledge, and (iii) co-dissemination. Specifically, we examine the role of non-academic partners, the role of knowledge brokers and facilitation, and the need for flexibility, adaptability and reflexivity throughout the process., Funding: Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research - MistraSwedish Foundation for Strategic Research [2016/11]

Purpose – This paper focuses on the extent to which Swedish municipalities identified and communicatedrisks due to the COVID-19 outbreak early on. The purpose of this paper is to explore to what extent thesituational factors of the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the likelihood of municipalities disclosing COVID-19information as a subsequent event in the annual reports of 2019. Design/methodology/approach – Logistic regression models were used to estimate COVID-19 disclosure asa subsequent event. Data were handpicked from annual reports, audit reports and meeting minutes, or wereretrieved from publicly available sources. Findings – Regression results indicate that municipalities issuing their annual report in a later stage of thepandemic, in regions with a higher number of confirmed COVID-19 cases, were more likely to discloseCOVID-19 information as a subsequent event. However, the municipal factors used to capture the risk of asevere impact of the COVID-19 outbreak were not of major importance. In line with previous research, thisstudy shows that political and institutional factors have explanatory power in predicting and explainingaccounting disclosure choices. Originality/value – This paper contributes to research on accounting disclosures in urgent crises and on thespecific topic of subsequent events in the public sector. Few studies address subsequent events in a corporatesetting and, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, none do so in the context of the public sector. This paper alsooffers insight into how explanatory factors, previously tested under normal conditions and circumstances,influence disclosure choices in an early stage of a health crisis characterized by uncertainty regarding bothoccurrence and consequences.

Despite the lively discussion on the pros and cons of using robots in health care, little is still known about how caregivers are affected when robots are introduced in their work environment. The present scoping review fills this research gap by mapping previous studies about the relation between robots in care and caregivers’ working life. The paper is based on searches in four databases for peer-reviewed articles about robots in care settings, published 2000 to 2020. The 27 included papers were examined with the questions of 1) how robots are used by caregivers, and 2) how robots affect caregivers’ work environment. The analysis shows that the use of robots can affect both the physical and the psychosocial work environment, in positive as well as in negative ways. Robots are used in care settings to reduce physical and mental demands of the caregivers, but they can, in fact, increase caregivers’ workload. Thus, the review indicates that robots can improve the quality of work, but that they seldom work as a shortcut to increased efficiency or time effectiveness., Funding: AFA Insurance in Sweden [190170]

The thesis aims to investigate modelling-based teaching in the multilingual context. Modelling-based teaching concerns when students create, discuss, and evaluate representations to visualise concepts and processes. In this thesis, modelling-based teaching has been used in polymer chemistry at a Swedish secondary school. Data has been collected from eight multilingual groups from three different classes. A total of 30 students participated in the study, 16 students with Swedish as a second language and 14 students with Swedish as a first language. The modelling-based teaching activity has been investigated from several aspects. The first paper focused on if and how second language learners’ conceptual descriptions were affected by modelling-based teaching. The second paper focused on how students’ meaning-making during modelling-based teaching could be detected and analysed from a social semiotic perspective. The thesis has been conducted from a sociocultural (Vygotsky, 1978; Vygotsky, 1986), a phenomenographic (Marton & Booth, 1997), and a social semiotic perspective (Kress & Bezemer, 2015; Kress, 2001). Empirical data consists of audio and video recordings and photographs taken during the modelling activity, where students in multilingual groups created representations and discussed concepts and processes concerning polymer chemistry. Empirical material, relevant to the intention of what the students should learn from the modelling activity and critical aspects, were transcribed and analysed to answer the following questions: (1) How are descriptions of nonspontaneous concepts in polymer chemistry of second language learners affected by modelling? (2) What social semiotic practices are observed during a modelling activity in a chemistry unit of polymers? (3) How do these practices influence students’ meaning-making of created representations crucial for the understanding of polymeric concepts? The result for the first research question indicates that, Syftet med avhandlingen är att undersöka modellerings-baserad undervisning i det flerspråkiga sammanhanget. Modellerings-baserad undervisning innebär att elever skapar, diskuterar och utvärderar representationer för att bland annat visualisera begrepp och processer. I avhandlingen har modellerings-baserad undervisning använts inom polymerkemi på en svensk gymnasieskola. Data har samlats in från åtta flerspråkiga grupper från tre olika klasser. I studien deltog totalt 30 elever, 16 elever med svenska som andraspråk och 14 elever med svenska som förstaspråk. Modellerings-baserad undervisning har undersökts utifrån flera aspekter; I första studien var fokus på om och hur andraspråkelevers begreppsbeskrivningar påverkades av modellerings-baserad undervisning. I andra studien var fokus på hur elevernas meningsskapande under modellerings-baserad undervisning kunde uppmärksammas och analyseras utifrån ett social semiotiskt perspektiv. De teoretiska ramverk som ligger till grund för avhandlingen är ett sociokulturellt (Vygotsky, 1978; Vygotsky, 1986), ett fenomeografiskt (Marton & Booth, 1997), och ett socialsemiotiskt perspektiv (Kress & Bezemer, 2015; Kress, 2001). Empirin består av ljudinspelningar, videoinspelningar samt fotografier tagna under modelleringsaktiviteten där elever i det flerspråkiga sammanhanget skapade representationer och diskuterade begrepp och processer rörande polymerkemi. Det empiriska material som var relevant utifrån vad eleverna skulle lära från modelleringsaktiviteten och kritiska aspekter, transkriberades och analyserades för att ge svar på följande frågor: (1) Hur påverkas beskrivningar av icke-spontana begrepp inom polymerkemi hos andraspråksinlärare genom modellering? (2) Vilka social semiotiska metoder observeras under en modelleringsaktivitet i en kemisk enhet av polymerer? (3) Hur påverkar dessa metoder elevernas meningsskapande av skapade representationer som är avgörande för förståelsen av polymera begrepp? Resultatet för

Many people choose to donate money to help victims of humanitarian crises. However, people’s donation decisions often fail to reflect that all victims are equally valuable to help. Instead, some victims seem to be favored. This thesis aims to better understand valuations of lives by looking at how people respond to charity appeals that differ on three factors: level of identifiability (if there is an identified victim or not), numbers in need (if there is one, few, or many victims in need), and age (if the victim is a child or an adult). This thesis also tests two kinds of interventions in charitable giving aimed to make people value lives more equally regarding numbers in need and the identifiability of victims. Paper I investigated how the identifiable victim effect (i.e., more willingness to help an identified victim than unidentified victims) influences people’s donation decisions if they are reminded of alternative uses of money (i.e., opportunity cost). In two studies, participants (N = 2397) saw a charity appeal that either included an identified victim or not, while either receiving an opportunity cost reminder or not. The results showed that for a one-time donation decision, people became less willing to donate when reminded of opportunity cost, but mainly for non-identified charity appeals. Paper II investigated how the victim’s age relates to the identifiable victim effect. In three studies, participants (N = 1508) saw a charity appeal that either helped children or adults, and either included an identified victim or not. The results showed that people did not donate more if the charity appeal included an identified victim, regardless of whether the victim was a child or an adult, but that people were more motivated to help or more willing to donate to children than adults. Paper III investigated two types of deliberation interventions for the singularity effect (i.e., increased willingness to help a single identified victim over a group of identif, Många människor donerar pengar för att hjälpa offer för humanitära kriser. Däremot tycks människors donationsbeslut sällan reflektera att alla offer är lika mycket värda att hjälpa. I stället tycks vissa offer värderas högre. Denna avhandling syftar till att få en bättre förståelse kring värdering av liv genom att undersöka hur människor svarar på välgörenhetsannonser som skiljer sig åt i tre aspekter: nivå av identifierbarhet (om det finns ett identifierat offer eller inte), antal i behov av hjälp (om det är ett, några få eller många offer i behov) och ålder (om offret är ett barn eller en vuxen). Avhandlingen undersöker även två typer av interventioner som ämnar att öka lika värderingar av liv gällande antal i behov och identifierbarhet av offer. Papper I undersökte hur identifierbarhetseffekten (d.v.s. större villighet att hjälpa ett identifierat offer än oidentifierade offer) påverkar människors donationsbeslut om de påminns om andra sätt att använda pengarna på (d.v.s. alternativkostnad). I två studier fick deltagare (N = 2397) se en välgörenhetsannons som antingen inkluderade ett identifierat offer eller inte, medan de antingen fick en påminnelse om alternativkostnad eller inte. Resultatet visade att deltagare blev mindre villiga att donera vid engångsbeslut om de påmindes om alternativkostnad, men huvudsakligen i relation till välgörenhetsannonser utan ett identifierat offer. Papper II undersökte hur identifierbarhetseffekten påverkas av offrets ålder. I tre studier fick deltagare (N = 1508) se en välgörenhetsannons som antingen hjälpte barn eller vuxna, och som antingen inkluderade ett identifierat offer eller inte. Resultatet visade att deltagare inte donerade mer om välgörenhetsannonsen inkluderade ett identifierat offer, oavsett om offret var ett barn eller en vuxen, men att deltagare var mer motiverade att hjälpa eller donera till barn än till vuxna. Papper III undersökte två typer av interventioner som betonar eftertänksamhet för singularitets

A crucial aspect of children’s language development is the language environment, and parental and home environment factors are particularly important during the early years. The overarching aim of this thesis was to investigate typically developed young children’s language development in relation to parental and family home language environment fac-tors. Specifically, language development was assessed in Swedish-learning children at 9 and 25 months of age. Different research perspectives and methods were used to gain a more nuanced understanding of the contributing factors to children’s language development. This thesis is based on four papers that each cover different fac-tors in the language environment. Papers I–III are based within developmental psychology and Paper IV is based within discursive psychology. Paper I investigated the relation between several language environment factors in the home and children’s language development at 9 months. The results showed that linguistic input and child vocalization were significantly and positively associated with language development. This was not the case for interaction or electronic sound. Paper II investigated parental mental state talk (MST) and its relation to children’s MST and general language development at 25 months. Parental MST was not significantly associated with either children’s MST nor their general language development. Paper III investigated the relation between parental mind-mindedness (MM) when children were 9 months old and child language development at 9 and 25 months old. Parental MM was not significantly associated with language development at either 9 or 25 months. Paper IV examined in detail how children used MST, specifically the word vill ‘want’ in parent-child interactions. The results showed that children’s use of the word vill ‘want’ accomplished several social actions, such as requesting, rejecting, and accounting for their own behavior. The results suggest a complex interaction betwee, En central aspekt för barns språkutveckling är språkmiljön, där i synnerhet faktorer relaterade till förälder och hemmet är viktiga under de tidiga åren. Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling var att undersöka typiskt utvecklade barns språkutveckling i relation till språkmiljöfaktorer rörande förälder och hemmiljö. Mer specifikt så studerades språkutvecklingen hos barn, som växer upp i en svensktalande kontext, vid 9 och 25 månaders ålder. För att uppnå en mer nyanserad förståelse av barns språkutveckling användes olika perspektiv och metoder. Denna avhandling är baserad på fyra studier. Studie I–III är genomförda inom ramen för utvecklingspsykologi och Studie IV inom ramen för diskursiv psykologi. Studie I studerade relationen mellan olika faktorer i språkmiljön i hemmet och språkutveckling vid 9 månaders ålder. Resultaten visade att antal yttrade ord från föräldrar och barnets vokaliseringar var signifikant och positivt associerat med språkutveckling, medan föräldra-barn interaktion och elektroniskt ljud var icke-signifi-kant. Studie II undersökte associationen mellan föräldrars yttranden relaterade till mentala tillstånd och barns yttranden av detta slag samt barns generella språkutveckling vid 25 månaders ålder. Föräldrarnas yttranden relaterade till mentala tillstånd var inte signifikant associerat med varken barnens yttranden eller barnens generella språkutveckling. Studie III undersökte relationen mellan föräldrarnas ’mind-mindedness’ då barnen var 9 månader gamla och barnens språkutveckling vid 9 respektive 25 månaders ålder. Förälderns ’mind-mindedness’ var inte signifikant associerat med barnens språkutveckling vid varken 9 eller 25 månaders ålder. Studie IV studerade i detalj användningen av ord kopp-lade till mentala tillstånd hos 25 månader gamla barn. Mer specifikt studerades hur barn använde ordet vill i en lekstund mellan förälder och barn. Resultatet visade att barnens användande av ordet vill utförde flera sociala handlingar, däribland för

Promoting the capacity for critical reflection is a pivotal part of management learning and education. Based on the concept of developmental learning, the purpose of this paper is to explore and outline two types of critical reflection: critique for improvement and critique for emancipation. Critique for improvement is based on a performative intent and is aimed at using critical reflection to improve organizational practices. Critique for emancipation is based on a critical performative intent and focuses on emancipation from repressive ideological and social conditions that place unnecessary restrictions on the development of human consciousness. In this paper, it is argued that managers and leaders enrolled in management education need to be exposed to both critique for improvement and critique for emancipation. A heuristic conceptual framework is therefore proposed, along with strategies for how to balance the two types of critique in management learning and education and propositions to be explored in further research

As the planet’s largest ecosystem, oceans stabilise climate, produce oxygen, store CO2 and host unfathomable biodiversity at a deep time-scale. In recent decades, scientific assessments have indicated that the oceans are seriously degraded to the detriment of most near-future societies. Human-induced impacts range from climate change, ocean acidification, loss of biodiversity, eutrophication and marine pollution to local degradation of marine and coastal environments. Such environmental violence takes form of both ‘spectacular’ events, like oil spills and ‘slow violence’, occurring gradually and out of sight. The purpose of this paper is to show four cases of coastal and marine forms of slow violence and to provide counter-accounts of how to reinvent our consumer imaginary at such locations, as well as to develop what is here referred to as ‘low-trophic theory,’ a situated ethical stance that attends to entanglements of consumption, food, violence, environmental adaptability and more-than-human care from the co-existential perspective of multispecies ethics. We combine field-philosophical case studies with insights from marine science, environmental art and cultural practices in the Baltic and North Sea region and feminist posthumanities. The paper shows that the oceanic imaginary is not a unified place, but rather, a set of forces, which requires renewed ethical approaches, conceptual inventiveness and practical creativity. Based on the case studies and examples presented, the authors conclude that the consideration of more-than-human ethical perspectives, provided by environmental arts and humanities is crucial for both research on nature and space, and for the flourishing of local multispecies communities. This paper thus inaugurates thinking and practice along the proposed here ethical stance of low-trophic theory, developed it along the methodological lines of feminist environmental posthumanities., This work was supported by The Seed Box: A Mistra-Formas Environmental Humanities Collaboratory (M. Radomska) and Åke Wiberg Foundation (C. Åsberg)

Inclusive Innovation (II) and Frugal Innovation (FI) have been trending concepts in the theoretical field as organizations put more focus on sustainability, equality, and inclusion in their strategies and cultures. However, the discourse among researchers in the domain has been deeply focused on the conceptualization of the ideas, leaving the practical implications aside. In this paper, we aim to understand how companies develop inclusive and frugal innovations, together with identifying key success factors along the way. For this, we assembled an analytical framework based on literature review, with the aim of applying the theoretical tools into three practical case studies. In these, the level of innovation, degree of frugality, and design problems are examined for each of the presented companies, and later compared in a cross-case analysis. The results ofthe paper show that the context and affordability of the products are essential in ensuring a high degree of inclusion of the solutions developed specifically for the low income end users.

Municipalities in Sweden are recommended to pursue process automation to face upcoming societal challenges. This paper focuses on a case where these recommendations are operationalized. Views on process automation held by different stakeholders, in relation to value ideals they prioritize in their respective areas of work, are explored by combining stakeholder theory and a model of public value ideals. Our findings show that, different stakeholder groups prioritize different values and that their views on process automation as an enabler of these value ideals are either optimistic, undecided, or pessimistic, where the latter two can be considered obstacles. This paper contributes, with an empirical illustration of how process automation is operationalized, answering previous calls for more research on this topic. We also elaborate on the use of stakeholder theory and public value as an analytical lens, contributing to the growing body of research attempting to understand process automation.

After more than a decade of intense digitalization of public service delivery in Scandinavia, scholars and public organizations wonder why many citizens still prefer to use traditional communication channels to interact with government. In this paper, we explore citizens' channel behavior when applying for public benefits from the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV). We break down the application process into separate actions to answer the research question: what causes citizens to use multiple channels in the benefit application process? Based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with frontline workers at NAV, we describe the process citizens undergo when they apply for benefits from NAV, the actions citizens perform, and the problems they experience, which cause them to contact NAV. Frontline workers are interviewed as these are knowledgeable experts on the application process who can give an aggregate account of the various problems citizens encounter. We contribute with empirical descriptions of how two benefit application processes play out in different ways and cause different channel behaviors. Analyses of this kind are important to supply new knowledge for the ongoing digitalization of public welfare service provision to enhance citizens' ability to successfully co-produce the service. Further, we offer contributions to research practice by illustrating how citizens' interaction with public organizations can be studied and analyzed holistically, using a process model for breaking the interaction down into parts, Fundig: The Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV)

Since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, organizations have been facing a worldwide anomaly, in which taken-for-granted work practices, norms, and identities are challenged. Building on a literature review and qualitative interview study, the current paper explores how professionals in project-based PSFs form and reform their identities as they adjust to working remotely via digital tools. We find that working virtually negatively influences both socialization and belonging in the project teams. This, in turn, leads to unintended consequences, such as cultural changes, a loss of uniqueness, and increased risk of commodification. Thus, the anomaly that Covid-19 has presented us with, seems to normalize the hitherto “unique” PSFs, thereby decreasing their status and competitiveness.

In this paper we explore gender, perceived humanlikeness, animacy, intelligence and likeability of a female and male Furhat robot, and test for uncanny valley effects. We found no gender differences for neither user nor Furhats in perceived humanlikness or likeability, but female users rated the Furhats higher on animacy and intelligence. The study showed a tendency to an uncanny valley effect, but somewhat surprisingly the Furhat robots were overall not perceived as humanlike.

In this paper, we argue for the importance of conducting replication studies over various schools and countries when addressing topics about learning and instruction and propose educational technology to be a tool for this endeavor. We present an example of a cross-cultural replication study that makes use of educational technology in the form of a digital game-based automated feedback system. The study addresses feedback related behavior in 11-15-year-old students in US and Swedish classrooms, investigating students' choices to seek confirmatory (i.e., positive) or critical (i.e., negative) feedback, as well as their subsequent choices to revise their work based on this feedback. Comparisons of the data collected at several schools in the US and Sweden showed similar patterns of relationships among students' feedback-seeking behavior, their tendency to revise their work, and their learning outcomes in and outside the assessment environment. Overall, the findings revealed that this assessment approach seems to be generalizable from a North American to a European population. However, the findings showed both a significant difference between Sweden and the US regarding the preference for critical feedback and between different schools within each country. Thus, it is possible that the difference between countries reflects school differences rather than cultural differences.

This paper focuses on the role that material artifacts and artifact features play on students’ task-based interactions in the EFL classroom. While conversation-analytic research has focused on students’ implementation of tasks as observable activities (e.g., Balaman & Sert, 2017; Kunitz & Skogmyr Marian, 2017; Lee & Burch, 2017), the role of artifacts on the ongoing task-oriented interactions has just started to be explored (Burch, 2019; Kunitz et al., 2022). Our conversation-analytic study aims to fill this gap by investigating the interactional consequences that the use of specific artifacts might have in six video-recorded task-based interactions between pairs of first-year EFL students enrolled in two upper secondary schools in Sweden. The students were presented with the scenario of a person found during an excavation with various items (illustrated by cut-out pictures) and were instructed to answer the question: “How did this person end up in the cave?”. Our fine-grained analyses of the ongoing interactions suggest that artifacts play an important role in: (i) the broader sequential organization of their task-based interaction; and (ii) the actions-in-interaction accomplished in order to complete the task; and (iii) the affordances for topical talk that they provide. After an initial artifact-manipulation phase, the students co-constructed emergent narratives based on the scenarios suggested by the artifacts. The discussion over the visual ambiguity of some artifacts and over the role of different artifacts on the story behind the excavation involved students in actions-in-interaction such as formulating hypotheses, agreeing, and disagreeing. The findings of this study therefore illustrate the importance of artifacts in task accomplishment and suggest that the selection of artifacts is a crucial aspect of task design that aims to elicit co-constructed, collaborative interaction. Overall, the study contributes to the literature on task-based instruc

This ethnomethodological, conversation analytic (CA) paper aims to respecify engagement in praxeological terms as a set of observable interactional behaviors. Recently, motivation researchers operating within mainstream SLA have started to discuss the construct of engagement in language learning (Mercer & Dörnyei, 2020; Philp & Duchesne, 2016). The present study intends to contribute to such discussion by exploring engagement through a CA lens, thereby adding to recent studies (Burch, 2016; Evnitskaya & Berger, 2017) in this area within the field of CA-SLA. Specifically, this study explores the practices through which 6 pairs of EFL students enrolled in two upper secondary schools in Sweden visibly do engagement as they accomplish a problem-solving task. The task was designed on the basis of previous cycles of task design, implementation, and analysis which concluded that untimed, open-ended tasks introduced with brief instructions lead to collaborative interaction. At the methodological level, these tasks are particularly suited to the study of engagement in task accomplishment, precisely because of their unstructured nature, which allows the analyst to observe, from an emic perspective, how the students move the task forward and co-construct its completion. The participating students were given a scenario concerning a person found in a cave and, with the aid of cut-out pictures of artifacts, were asked to discuss how that person had gone into the cave. Our analysis shows that the students display engagement by observably: (a) treating emerging narratives as insufficiently developed or illogical; (b) articulating alternative narratives based on different interpretations of the artifacts; and (c) invoking the task instructions in moments of impasse. Through these practices the students orient to task progressivity, while task completion is co-constructively warranted or rejected by invoking the amount of time spent on task. Overall, the study contributes

The aim of this paper is to investigate what challenges arise for vulnerable citizens when welfare service provision is digitalized. We analyze the challenges citizens experience in the application process using the theoretical concept of administrative burden., i.e., learning-, compliance-, and psychological costs imposed on the citizen by policy implementation. The financial assistance service provided by the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Administration (NAV) is our empirical example. Our results show that digitalizing financial assistance creates new administrative burdens for vulnerable citizens. While frontline workers offer important help to citizens in the application process, they can also impose additional burdens on the citizen. Our study contributes with empirically grounded insights on the administrative burdens related to digital self-service, which causes citizens to turn to frontline workers for support. We offer a theoretical contribution by linking digitalization and administrative burden., Funding Agencies|Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV); Research Council of Norway [316246]

In this paper, I approach online and offline expressions of uncertainty, mistrust, dissent, skepticism, and critique through the scope of conspiracy thinking that has emerged in discourses related to the COVID-19 pandemic1. Some of the several important questions that run across the different critical debates and political contexts during the pandemic concern issues of objectivity, knowledge, information, and, broadly speaking, truth. Inspired by this research and questions, this article will seek to analyze the explicit and implicit conditions of their discursive articulation in political mobilizations surrounding the pandemic. More specifically, I explore changes in digital discourse surrounding COVID-19;?I investigate connections between online practices and offline political organization; finally, I study the relation of the people engaged in public protests to the depiction of the protests and the pandemic more generally in mainstream media, with particular focus on the first and second organized anti-COVID-19 measure demonstrations in Stockholm in the spring of 2021. The article will be using the concept of Cultures of Rejection, which looks at the social and cultural relations and articulations in which rejection of otherness takes form, how scapegoats are created, and antagonisms against perceived enemies are nourished2. The concept of Cultures of Rejection can thus guide analyses of everyday practices in relation to processes of rejection, objectification, and affect, and study such practices in relation to the material conditions that lay the ground for such expressions. For this paper I ask the questions: How do people make sense of COVID-19 in Facebook groups in relation to Cultures of Rejection? What role does the media play in the understanding of COVID-19? I seek to answer these questions in the context of Sweden. I will do so by discussing Swedish rejection discourses targeting COVID-19 measures in online spaces on Facebook, together with anti-COVID, DOI links to the full report.With support from Volkswagen Foundation, Humboldt University of Berlin, Leuphana University Lüneburg, University of Belgrade, University of Vienna, University of Rijeka and Linköping University.

In the times of climate change and planetary environmental disruption (or crises) that render certain habitats unliveable and contribute to socio-economic inequalities and vulnerabilities, death and loss (or more precisely, more-than-human death and loss) turn into urgent environmental concerns. As climate scientists indicate, in order to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), a much more radical transformative action is needed from governments, the private sector, communities and individuals (Höhne et al. 2020). In fact, after the recent IPCC report one might ask what kind of an understatement that phrasing is. Simultaneously, unsustainable living conditions contributing to the mortality of human and nonhuman individuals, destruction of entire ecosystems, loss of biodiversity and the sixth mass extinction evoke feelings of anxiety, anger and grief, manifested globally in popular-scientific narratives, cultural expressions, and environmental activism. In this paper I delve into crisis imaginaries linked to more-than-human death, dying and extinction, as well as questions of environmental grief, which the former are inherently entwined with. After unpacking the genealogy of the concept of environmental grief and its interlinked notions, I briefly sketch out the theoretical framework of Queer Death Studies, which this presentation is embedded in, and subsequently I look at several examples of contemporary bio-, eco-and media art that mobilise and – at times – subvert the notions of and mourning the more-than-human., Ecological Grief, Crisis Imaginaries and Resilience in Nordic Lights

In the Anthropocene, the epoch of climate change and environmental destruction that render certain habitats unliveable and induce socio-economic inequalities and shared ‘more-than-human’ vulnerabilities, death and loss become urgent environmental concerns. As climate scientists indicate, in order to achieve UN Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), a much more radical transformative action is needed from all stakeholders: governments, the private sector, communities and individuals (Höhne et al. 2020). Simultaneously, climate change, wars – as it is painfully manifested through the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine – and unsustainable living conditions contribute to the mortality and suffering of humans and nonhumans, destruction of entire ecosystems and populations, loss of biodiversity, the sixth mass extinction, and ‘slow’ – as well as very abrupt – environmental violence (Nixon 2011; Neimanis 2020; Åsberg & Radomska 2021). All of these evoke feelings of anger, anxiety and grief, manifested both globally and locally in popular-scientific narratives, cultural and artistic expressions, and environmental activism.This paper explores crisis imaginaries linked to more-than-human death, dying and extinction, as well as questions of ecological grief (or eco-grief), which the former are inherently entwined with. After unpacking the genealogy of the concept of eco-grief and its interlinked notions, I briefly sketch out the theoretical framework of Queer Death Studies, which this presentation is grounded in, and subsequently I look at several examples of contemporary bio-, eco-and media art that mobilise and – at times – subvert the notions of and mourning the more-than-human., Ecological Grief, Crisis Imaginaries and Resilience in Nordic Lights

Swedish municipalities have been urged by policy makers to implement automation technologies to make administrative work more cost-efficient. As a response, a large set of municipalities have attempted to implement Robotic Process Automation (RPA) solutions with the intention to speed up administrative processes. However, although RPA has been promoted for several years, implementation has been limited and slow. This paper explores challenges related to RPA implementation experienced by three Swedish municipalities. We use an extensive interpretive case study as our empirical foundation, generated in collaboration with three Swedish municipalities, complemented with interviews with RPA consultants. Through interpretive analysis, we generate challenges along four themes. Our analysis shows that RPA implementation requires that different organizational sub-units and stakeholders cooperate. Challenges arise from: initiating RPA top-down without bottom-up support; insufficient process- and IT-competence; dependence on individual enthusiasts and external RPA consultants; and subsequent difficulties in finding the right processes to automate. Our study contributes with empirical illustrations of how RPA implementation is made difficult by current organizational structures and resources. We confirm and further contribute to previous findings by pointing to multiple dimensions in which challenges can arise., Funding Agencies|AFA Insurance (AFA Forsakring) [190200]

In Sweden in 1945 and 1946, a small group of Jewish and non-Jewish Polish survivors of Nazi persecution interviewed one another about their experiences for the sake of justice and history. It was an unusual dynamic, perhaps even singular, among the many historical commissions and documentation centers that gathered evidence and testimony of the Nazi atrocities during and after the Second World War. This was due, in part, to the fact that the approximately 13,000 Polish survivors who came to Sweden in 1945, of whom between 4,000 and 7,000 were Jewish, had to contend with the tensions and conflicts that had existed before and during the Holocaust, including antisemitism, complicity, national identity, and experiences of persecution. This proposed paper would present and discuss the findings of my analysis of 43 Polish Research Institute in Lund (Polska Källinstitutet i Lund, ‘PIZ’) witness testimonies that were constructed in interviews between Jewish and non-Jewish Polish survivors of Nazi persecution, which took place in Sweden in 1945 and 1946. These findings were recently published in Holocaust Studies journal: Witnessing against a divide? An analysis of early Holocaust testimonies constructed in interviews between Jewish and non-Jewish Poles (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17504902.2021.1981627), and provide insight into how Jewish and non-Jewish survivors were together negotiating both the traumatic memories of Nazi persecution and their own conflicted history, which included antisemitism, collaboration and bystanderism, and competing claims to trauma and persecution, in the immediate aftermath of the Holocaust.

Prospective memory (PM) or memory for intentions is difficult for people with intellectualdisability (ID). PM has been studied in young people with Down syndrome (Godfrey &Lee, 2020) but less is known about PM in adults with unknown or other causes of ID.Storing the content of the intention and retrieval at the appropriate event load onretrospective memory and executive functions. No difference have been found betweensubjective and more objective measures of PM in the ID population (Levén m.fl., 2011).Subjective experience of perceptual impairments, e.g., hard of hearing, will be investigatedas age-related hearing loss occurs early in the ID group and hearing can benefit PM. Themore objective measure of PM is based on the procedure used in the Betula project onmemory function and ageing in Sweden. As PM task the participant get the instruction toremind the researcher about a paper to sign when the tests are finished. In case this isforgotten the participant is asked if there was something else they should do. If no responsewas given the cue; Were you not supposed to remind me of something? was provided.Subjects were not told that this was a memory test. The SDQ instrument (Goodman, 1997)will give a general description of the individual, inhibition will be rated with the VIMIinstrument, digit span rates working memory capacity, and the subjective experience ofretrospective and prospective memory is rated with PRMQ (Rönnlund m.fl., 2011).

The overall aim of the school subject technology is to develop pupils’ understanding of technological solutions in everyday life. A starting point for this study is that it is important for teachers in technology to have knowledge of pupils’ prior conceptions of the subject content since these can both support and hinder their learning. In a previous study we found that when pupils (age 7) talk about digital technology and programming, they often refer to out-of-school experiences such as films, television programmes and books. Typically, their descriptions include robots with some form of intelligence. Hence, it seems like children’s culture may have an impact on the conceptions they bring to the technology classroom. In light of this, it is vital that technology teachers have knowledge about how robots and artificial intelligence (AI) are portrayed in children’s culture, and how pupils perceive these portrayals. However, knowledge about these aspects of technology in children’s culture is limited.The purpose of this study is to investigate how artifacts with artificial intelligence are portrayed in television programmes and literature aimed at children. This study is the first step in a larger study aiming to examine younger pupils’ conceptions and ideas about artificial intelligence. A novice conception of artificial intelligence can be described as an understanding of what a programmed device may, or may not, “understand” in relation to a human, which includes discerning th edifferences between the artificial and the human mind. Consequently, as a theoretical framework for investigating how artificial intelligence is portrayed in children’s culture, the concepts of Theoryof Mind (ToM) and Theory of Artificial Mind (ToAM), are used. The empirical material presented in this paper, i.e. four children’s books and a popular children’s television programme, was analysed using a qualitative thematic analysis. The results show that the portrayal of AI is ambiguous. The

Belarus and Ukraine embarked on digitalisation relying on an international experience. Ukraine experienced difficulties in building infrastructure and connecting their regions and faced challenges in providing training and raising citizen awareness on advantages of the digital services. Yet, the digitalization reform proceeded from the principles of citizen-centeredness and e-participation. Belarus, on the contrary, was quick in building the basic infrastructure and training their public officials. However, the e-government was oriented rather on technical aspects and inter-sectoral communication, than on the needs of the citizens. Despite the differences in both cases, the level of trust, the basic prerequisite for the quality e-services, has been low (Ukraine) or non-existent (Belarus). This paper uses multi-method approach to examine citizen trust and their adoption of e-services in developing political or administrative regime contexts that are characterized by low trust, variable digital literacy, and variable access to information. A key finding is that in both countries it was the historical legacy of access to free services, that was one of the barriers to building a sustainable and reliable system of e-services. However, while Ukraine started to improve their infrastructure and building trust towards digital services during the COVID-19 pandemic, in Belarus the authorities’ ineffective management of the pandemic has led to sharp decrease in trust towards authorities. As a result, rudiments of an alternative system of public-services’ delivery, based on the people-to-people model, have been launched by the civil society., Funding: Swedish Institute