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The Mixton War (1540–1541) was the last symmetric war within the viceroyalty of New Spain until the arrival of the insurgency and the Mexican Independence War in the early 19th century. In this paper, I approach, from military history, those aspects corresponding to the military strategy carried out by both sides in order to understand the decisions that were made, the reason for them and how these led to the defeat of the indigenous army at the end of 1541.