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'Hangangchal 1' is a new glutinous rice cultivar of second generation Tongil-type with a mid-maturing ecotype that developed by the rice breeding team of Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI), RDA. in 2006. This cultivar was derived from a cross between 'Hangangchal', a Tongil-type glutinous cultivar and 'YR8208-20', a high yield potential in 1986/1987 winter season. 'Hangangchal 1' was selected by pedigree and bulk breeding methods from F3 to F6 populations. A promising line, YR10498-8-1-3, was selected and designated as 'Milyang 167' in 1997. The local adaptability test of 'Milyang 167' was carried out at seven locations during 3 years in 1998, 2005, and 2006. It has tolerance to lodging with good canopy architecture as 87cm of culm length. This cultivar is resistant to bacterial blight K1, K2, and K3 race, rice stripe virus, rice dwarf virus, and leaf blast disease. The milled rice endosperm of 'Hangangchal 1' is glutinous and its whiteness was almost similar compared to 'Shinseonchalbyeo'. The yield of milled rice of 'Hangangchal 1' was average 5.97 MT/ha at ordinary cultivation of 9 kg/10a N fertilizer level in local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to the mid and southern plain of Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Josaengheugchal', a new blackish purple pigmented glutinous japonica rice cultivar, was developed by the rice breeding team of Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA in 2004. This cultivar was derived from a cross between 'Tohoku 149' as black glutinous source and 'Sx 864' as purple colored rice in 1992 and 1993 winter season, and selected by pedigree breeding method until F6 generation. As a result, a promising line, YR15907-6-8-1-5, was advanced and designated as the name of 'Milyang 194' in 2001. The local adaptability test of 'Milyang 194' was carried out at seven locations from 2002 to 2004 and it was named as 'Josaengheugchal'. 'Josaengheugchal' is an early maturing cultivar and has 71 cm culm height. It has higher anthocyanian content compared with 'Heugnambyeo'. It is moderately resistant to leaf blast but susceptible to other disease and insect pests. The yield potential of 'Josaengheugchal' in brown rice was about 4.21 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level in local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to the plain paddy field of middle, Honam, and Yeomgnam in Korea under ordinary and double cropping system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Manmibyeo', a new japonica rice cultivar, is a mid-late maturing ecotype cultivar developed by the rice breeding team of Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA in 2002. This cultivar was originated from the cross between 'Milyang 95' and F1 of the cross between 'Bukrukbanna' and 'Milyang 95' in 1990/1991 winter season. It was selected by pedigree breeding method until F6 generation, and a promising line, YR14545-9-2-3-4, was advanced and designated as 'Milyang 162' in 1996. The local adaptability test of 'Milyang 162' was carried out at seven locations during 3 years in 1997, 1998 and 2002. It has about 86cm culm length and is lodging tolerant. This cultivar is susceptible to bacterial blight (K1, K2, K3) and stripe virus, and moderately resistant to leaf blast disease. Milled rice kernels of 'Manmibyeo' is translucent with low amylose content in endosperm, clear in chalkiness and good at eating quality in panel test. The yield potential of 'Manmibyeo' in milled rice was about 4.46 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level in local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to the southern plain of Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is being forced into marginally productive areas due to utilization of more land area for housing and industrial activities. Furthermore, climate changes also become a primary restriction factors for food security. To cope against these changes, a Tongil-type rice cultivar 'Saegyejinmi' derived from a cross of 'Milyang160 (Areumbyeo)' and 'Yongjubyeo (Suwon333)' which is high yielding and good eating quality as well as multiple deasease resistant was developed at Department of Functional Crops, NICS, RDA in 2008. The pedigree name of 'Saegyejinmi' is YR20798-6-3-1, which was designated as 'Milyang 223' later. Heading date of 'Saegyejinmi' is August 17 as mid-late ecotype unlike other early ecotype of Tongil-type cultivars. The culm length of 'Saegyejinmi' was 82 cm which is 10 cm higher than that of 'Dasanbyeo'. 'Saegyejinmi' shows multiple resistances to leaf blast, all races of bacterial blight (K1, K2, K3, K3a), and rice stripe viruses. It is susceptible to plant hoppers. The taste and texture of cooked 'Saegyejinmi' were similar or even higher compared to that of japonica grains. In the local adaptability test, the potential milled rice yield of 'Saegyejinmi' was about 7.01 MT/ha at 18 kg/10a of nitrogen fertilizer level. 'Saegyejinmi' is suitable for mid and southern plains of Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Seolemi', a new japonica rice cultivar developed from a cross between F1 plant derived from the cross between 'Sangjubyeo' and 'Suwon440', and 'Sangju22' having a good eating-quality and lodging resistance, was developed by the rice breeding team of Sangju Substation, NICS, RDA in 2011. This variety has about 120 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in southern mid-mountainous area of Korea. It has 73 cm culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows strong resistance to blast, but is susceptible to bacterial blight, virus diseases, and insect pests. The milled rice of 'Seolemi' exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has a higher milling rate of 77.5% and milled rice recovery of 75.7%, and good palatability of cooked rice compared with 'Odaebyeo'. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.60 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. 'Seolemi' would be adaptable to southern mid-mountainous of South Korea [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial blight (BB) disease is one of the most serious rice diseases in Korea. xa5 showing a wider spectrum resistance to Korean BB isolates is one of the most important bacterial blight resistance genes in rice breeding in Korea. A new rice cultivar 'Shinbaek' carrying xa5 gene was developed at the rice breeding team of the Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA in 2010. 'Shinbaek' was derived from the cross between 'Iksan469 and 'HR23966-22-1-2' carrying xa5 gene which was originated from indica rice 'IRBB5'. 'Shinbaek' is resistance to a major Korean BB isolate such as K1, K2, K3 and K3a, and it is also resistance tor ice stripe virus disease (RSV). Heading date of 'Shinbaek' is August 11 as mid maturing ecotype. The major agronomic characteristics of 'Shinbaek' is good plant type with short culm length, longer panicle length, higher number of spikelet per panicle as compared to those of 'Nampyeongbyeo', However, the number of tiller and grain filling ratio were lower compared to that of 'Nampyeongbyeo'. The grain appearance, amylose content, and protein content were similar with those of 'Nampyeongbyeo'. However the palatability of cooked rice and milling recovery were still lower than those of 'Nampyeongbyeo'. The milled rice yield of 'Shinbaek' is 5.75 MT per ha, 5.49 MT per ha and 4.68 MT per ha at the ordinary transplanting, double-crop system, and late transplanting of the local adaptability test, respectively. Thus, 'Shinbaek' would be a suitable cultivar to the mid and southern plain area, especially in BB disease prone area and it is a useful source to enhance the BB resistant breeding program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brown rice grain pigments of black rice have a higher content of bioactive substances such as anti-mutagenic substance than the non-pigmented rice grain. The major anthocyanin pigment contained in black rice was cyanidin-3-glucoside. This study was conducted to establish a rapid analysis method for determining cyanidin-3-glucoside contents in flour and whole rice seeds of black rice using VIS/NIRS technique. A total of 60 black rice samples were used for VIS/NIRS equation model development and validation. The value of coefficient of determination of external validation (r²) and standard error of performance (SEP) in whole rice seed sample were 0.653 and 97.2, respectively. Therefore, the value of it seemed to be difficult to analyze cyanidin-3-glucoside content in whole rice seed samples using VIS/NIRS. However, in rice flour sample, the best accurate equation model was obtained from the partial least square regression (PLS) method. The value of r², SEP and bias were 22.5, 0.922 and -1.45 in the calibration transformed to the N-point smooth of log 1/R signal, 5 factors, respectively. Therefore, the results of our study clearly demonstrate that the VIS/NIRS method would be applicable only for rapid determination of cyanidin-3-glucose content in black rice flour samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concern of high yielding variety decreased dramatically in farmer's field due to switch of high eating quality japonica varieties from Tongil type rice in late of 1990's. However, political and social issues of rice consumption promotion urged look for a high yielding varieties for cost down of raw materials in rice processing industries. 'Hanareum2' is a new high yielding Tongil type rice cultivar developed in 2010 derived from a cross of 'Milyang181' (Hanareumbyeo) and 'Milyang154' at the Department of Functional Crop Science, NICS, RDA, Korea. The purpose of 'Hanareum2' is to support rice flour in processing industries to fit the demands for farmers and rice processing industries. The heading date of 'Hanareum2' is Aug. 14 as mid maturing ecotype and it also showed multiple resistances to major diseases such as leaf blast, bacterial blight (K1, K2, K3, and K3a) and rice stripe viruses. The milled rice yield of 'Hanareum2 'in local adaptability tests (6 regions) was 7.58 MT/ha. 'Hanareum2' is suitable for southern and middle plain area of Korea. 'Hanareum2' could be used in rice processing industries for cost down of raw materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, concerns have been voiced about the potentially serious effects on agriculture by the global temperature change and global warming that causes the decreasing yield and grain quality. To cope with this situation, the rice breeding team of Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA in 2009 released a new rice cultivar 'Yeonghojinmi' which is resistant to bacterial blight, and rice stripe virus. The anther culture method was employed for the development of this cultivar which is derived from a cross between 'Hitomebore' and 'Junambyeo'. Heading date of 'Yeonghojinmi' is August 21st as mid-late maturing ecotype. In the major agronomic characteristics of 'Yeonghojinmi', number of spikelet/panicle was slightly low while 1,000 grain weight of brown rice was heavy as 22.2 g compared with that of 'Nampyeongbyeo'. The grain appearance was cleared, and palatability and other items were better than those of 'Nampyeongbyeo' in panel test of cooked rice. The milled rice yield of 'Yeonghojinmi' is 5.44 MT/ha, 4.40 MT/ha and 5.04 MT/ha at the ordinary transplanting, double-crop system, and late transplanting of the local adaptability test, respectively. Thus, 'Yeonghojinmi' would be a suitable cultivar to the southern plain area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demands on environmentally friendly rice varieties as a primary food source and functional value are gradually increasing in recent rice consumer markets. Thus, multiple disease and insect resistance rice cultivar with good eating quality is essential in safe rice production. To cope with this situation, the rice breeding team of the Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA in 2009 released a new rice cultivar 'Cheongnam' which is resistant to rice green leafhopper (GRH). The anther culture method was employed for the developement of 'Cheongnam' which is derived from a cross of 'Kinuhikari' and 'Milyang 189' as a source of GRH resistant. Individual F2 plants of 'Cheongnam' / 'Junam' were classified as resistance or susceptible based on the survival ratio of GRH nymph. A total of 159 F2 plants from 'Cheongnam' / 'Junam' inoculated with GRH segregated into 116 resistant, and 43 susceptible plants, which fit to a 3:1 ratio and (χ2 = 0.38, df = 1, p = 0.54), suggesting the inheritance of a dominant gene for resistance. Heading date of 'Cheongnam' is August 11 as mid maturing ecotype. In the major agronomic characteristics of 'Cheongnam', number of spikelet/panicle was slightly low while 1,000 grain weight of brown rice was heavier as compared those of 'Nampyeongbyeo'. The grain appearance, palatability and other items were more or similar to those of 'Nampyeongbyeo' in panel test of cooked rice. The milled rice yield of 'Cheongnam' is 5.43 MT per ha, 5.00 MT per ha and 5.18 MT per ha at the ordinary transplanting, double-crop system, and late transplanting of the local adaptability test, respectively. Thus, 'Cheongnam' would be a suitable cultivar to the mid and southern plain area, especially in environmentally friendly agricultural production area where rice stripe and dwarf virus as well as bacterial blight are frequent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice ageing describes the changes in physical and chemical properties of rice grains during storage that alter the eating quality of rice. The prevention of deterioration in palatability of rice during storage is important for stable supply. In this study, We conducted to select the variety with superior palatability after storage at room temperature. 'Yeonghojinmi' had much higher head rice ratio of milled rice than that of 'Ilmi', 'Junam'and 'Hwayeong'at similar moisture content of approximately 15%. Grossiness and stickiness were higher in 'Yeonghojinmi' than that of the others. Meanwhile, yellowness(b value) of cooked rice was lower in 'Yeonghojinmi' than that of the others. Of the four varieties, Yeonghojinmi was maintained good eating quality after storage in room temperature, which also contributed to differences in palatability, such as protein content, glossiness, stickiness and color of cooked rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virus diseases often cause serious damage to rice production in Asia. The lack of information on virus resistance genes has been a major obstacle for the breeding of resistant varieties. In order to identify DNA marker associated with resistance against rice stripe virus (RSV), the quantitative trait locus (QTL) was carried out using advanced backcross population developed from a cross between RSV-resistant tongil type cultivar Shinkwang and susceptible japonica cultivar Ilpum. A RSV resistance QTL qSTV11SG explaining 44.2% of the phenotypic variation was identified on chromosome 11 of Tongil type rice cultivar 'Shingwang'. qSTV11SG was tightly linked to DNA marker RM6897. The RM6897 divided as resistance type allele and susceptible type alleles. Twenty seven resistant varieties showed the resistant-type allele and 23 susceptible varieties were susceptible-type allele to the marker of RM6897. This results and the molecular markers presented here may be useful in rice breeding for improving RSV resistance in japonica rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study was to develop the multi-resistance lines to insects(brown planthopper; BPH, rice green leafhopper; GRH) and disease(blast; BL, bacterial blight; BB and rice stripe virus disease;RSV) with good grain quality and plant type by combining conventional breeding and marker assisted selection(MAS) and to eliminate the linkage drag effects between Bph1 gene and culm length, we conducted MAS of Bph1 gene in advanced backcross and double cross progenies. 'Nampyeong', 'Junam' and 'Milyang220' were used as the parent in this study. 'Milyang220' was used as the donor of brown planthopper resistance gene Bph1 with tall culm length. Two backcross progenies were developed using two recipients 'Nampyeong' carrying GRH resistance gene Grh3(t) with good grain appearance and 'Junam' harboring bacterial blight resistance gene Xa3 with short culm length. Two BC1 generations were resulted from the backcrossing of the F1 plants with recurrent parents 'Nampyeong' and 'Junam'. The second rounds of backcrossing(BC2) were derived from the cross of selected resistant BC1F1 plants based on heterozygous genotype of RM28493 linked to Bph1 gene. The double crossed population was constructed from the cross of between each heterozygous BC2F1 plants at RM28493 locus of 'Nampyeong"3 / Milyang220' and 'Junam"3 / Milyang220'., The homozygous alleles in Bph1 gene were selected using co-dominant DNA marker RM28493 in double crossed population. Eighty-five lines with multi-resistance to BL, BB, RSV, GRH and BPH were selected by bio-assay and MAS in generation of double crossing. The culm length, head rice ratio and yield of the selected multi resistance lines was ranged from 71 to 88 cm, from 51 to 93%, from 449 to 629 kg/10a. respectively. We can select a promising multi resistance line similar with 'Nampyeong' of major agronomic traits such as culm legnth, head rice ratio and yield. It was designated as Milyang265. Finally this study was developed the multi resistant varieties against to insects and diseases with the good grain quality 'Milyang265' by the advanced backcross and double cross combining MAS and it can be used as genetic resources of multi-resistance to insect and diseases in rice breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice is a staple food for more than 50% of the world's population. Embryo comprises only 2 to 3% of the weight distribution of the entire pericarp but has higher concentration of vitamins, proteins, and essential fatty acids than the other parts of grains. Moreover, α-tocoperol, γ-oryzanol, phytic acid and γ-aminobutric acid that have nutraceutical value are abundant. Increasing the volume of embryo assures the fortification of nutritional value of rice grain. We developed new black waxy giant embryo rice, Milyang 263 by crossing Josaengheugchal, a black waxy rice variety, and get, a giant embryo mutant generated by tissue culture. The nutrient contents and physical properties of Milyang 263 were compared with several giant embryo mutants and normal embryo rice varieties. Changes in the nutrient properties after germination were also observed. Results indicated that this new black waxy giant embryo rice, Milyang 263, offers a promising source for improving nutritional quality of rice especially anthocyanin, essential minerals, and GABA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, peoples are greatly concerned with global temperature change because global warming can be a potential serious effect on agriculture production such as yield reduction and poor grain quality. On the other hand, it can bring some beneficial effects through twice cultivation of rice in temperate region. In order to overcome this situation, we developed extremely early-maturing rice 'Milyang255' which heading date was similar with 'Jinbuolbyeo'. Based on agronomic characteristics of 'Milyang255', it has very short stature as 65 cm of culm length and slightly lower spikelets number per panicle compared with that of 'Jinbuolbyeo'. However, the grain appearance, palatability and other items were better than those of 'Jinbuolbyeo' in panel test of cooked rice. The milled rice yield of 'Milyang255' is 3.94 MT/ha at the early transplanting. Especially, its grain filling rate was higher and faster than Jinbuolbyeo and the head rice ratio in milled rice was also higher. Thus, 'Milyang255' can efficiently reduce the growth duration of rice cultivation and also be useful material for research on twice cultivation of rice in Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Geumyoung' is a new early maturing rice cultivar developed from the cross between Sambaegbyeo and Iksan423/ Sangju22 at Sangju Substation, NICS, RDA, Korea in 2009. It needs about 116 days from seedling to harvest in mid-mountainous areas. This cultivar has about 72 cm long culm and 19 cm long panicle, which are similar to Odaebyeo. It has higher panicle number per plant, medium to small grains and sometimes has a few awned spikelets. It shows tolerance to cold and resistance to blast but is susceptible to bacterial blight, virus diseases, and insects and pests. Milled rice of 'Geumyoeng' is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has about 18.0% amylose and 6.6% protein content with good palatability of cooked rice. The milled rice yield of this cultivar was 5.53 MT/ha under standard fertilizer level of ordinary transplanting cultivation. 'Geumyong' would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting cultivation in the northern plains, and northern and southern mid-mountainous areas of South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Jongnambyeo", a new japonica rice cultivar(Oryza sativa L.), is a mid-late maturing ecotype developed by the rice breeding team of National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment Station(NYAES) in 2001 and released in 2002. This variety originated from the cross of Milyang96/YR12734-B-B-22-2(in 1991/1992 winter) and was selected by means of a mixed method of bulk and pedigree breeding. The pedigree of Junambyeo, Milyang 169 designated in 1999, was YR15161-B-B-B-57-2-3. It has about 79cm in culm length and tolerant to lodging. And this variety is resistant to bacterial leaf blight(K1), stripe virus and moderately resistant to leaf blast disease. Milled rice kernels of "Jongnambyeo" is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm and clear in chalkness and good at eating quality in pannel test. The yield potential of "Jongambyeo" in milled rice is about 5.60MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level of local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to the Yeongnam plain and southern coastal of Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A newly developed rice variety "Pungmi 1" is a japonica rice(Oryza sativa L.) with high grain quality and multi-resistant to diseases. It was developed by the rice breeding team of Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI), RDA. in 2004. This variety derived from a cross between "YR13616Acp 1", having short culm and multi-resistance to biotic stresses and "Milyang 122" with good grain quality. It has short stature of 73cm in culm length and mid-early flowering date of Aug. 13. This variety is moderately resistant to leaf blast showing durable resistance of lower 10% diseased leaf araea in sequential planting meothod. Milled rice kernel of "Pungmi 1" is translucent, clear in chalkness and good at eating quality in panel test. Milling recovery and head rice ratios were comparable to Milyang 122, while it has low protein content. The milled rice yield potential of "Pungmi 1" is about 5.59 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level of local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to Yeongnam inland plains and southern coastal areas of Yeongnam province at ordinary transplanting as well as after barly cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Sangok", is a new japonica rice variety (Oryza sativa L.), which is a midium maturing ecotype developed by the rice breeding team of National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment Station (NYAES) in 2003. This variety was derived from the cross of Milyang 101/YR8697Acp97 (in 1988/1989 winter) and selected by combination of the bulk and pedigree breeding. The pedigree of Sangokbyeo, designated as Milyang 182 in 2000, was YR12950-B-B-B-19-2-4-2-2. It has about 79cm stature in culm length and is medium maturing. This variety is resistant to bacterial blight (K1, K2, and K3), stripe virus and moderately resistant to leaf blast disease. Milled rice kernels of "Sangok" is translucent, clear in chalkness and good at eating quality in the panel test. The yield potential of "Sangok" in milled rice is about 5.16MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level of local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to the southern plain of Korea below the Chungnam province by latitude from ordinary transplanting to transplanting after barley harvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]