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Purpose: Our study was performed to observe children with obesity by using accelerometers and identify their differences in blood lipid levels, insulin resistance, and adipokines based on their physical activity levels., Methods: 197 obese children were classified into three groups based on their physical activity levels over a period of 7 days, using the average counts per minute: Sedentary Time (ST), Light Physical Activity (LPA), and Moderate to Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity (MVPA). Blood lipids, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), were analyzed. Insulin resistance was assessed using the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) formula. Adipokines, including leptin and resistin, were measured. Our results were obtained through one-way analysis of variance was employed, with Scheffe post-hoc analysis. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05 for all analyses., Results: Results showed that the levels of blood lipids (TG: p<0.001, TC: p<0.01, LDL-C: p<0.001, HDL-C: p< 0.05) and adipokines (Leptin, Resistin: p<0.01) of children who had obesity and maintained moderate to vigorous physical activity were healthier than those who engaged in ST or LPA. Specifically, children with obesity engaging in MVPA demonstrated blood lipid and adipokine levels that were normal or close to normal. However, no significant differences in insulin resistance were observed in all groups., Conclusion: In summary, encouraging moderate to vigorous physical activity in children with obesity could help improve obesity indicators, such as blood lipids and adipokines.

Purpose: This review aimed to comprehensively explore and elucidate multifaceted neutrophils in breast cancer, particularly in the context of physical activity. Neutrophils play a critical role in the tumor microenvironment and systemic immune response, despite their short half-life and terminal differentiation. Through a thorough review of research related to changes in immunity in breast cancer during exercise, this review aims to provide comprehensive insights into immunological changes, especially focusing on neutrophils. Recognizing that much of the existing research has predominantly focused on T cells and nature killer (NK) cells, our review seeks to shift the spotlight toward understanding how exercise affects neutrophils, a less-explored but critical immune response component in breast cancer., Methods: This study involved an extensive review of the literature (from 2000 to 2023) using the PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. The keywords chosen for the searches were "immune cells and exercise," "exercise and breast cancer," "tumor microenvironment and neutrophils," and "neutrophils and exercise and breast cancers.", Results: Neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment can exhibit distinct phenotypes and functions. These differences have yielded conflicting results regarding tumor progression. Exercise plays a positive role in breast cancer and alters the immune system. Physical activity can quantitatively and functionally regulate neutrophils under various conditions such as metabolic disruption or senescence., Conclusion: This short communication outlines exercise-induced neutrophil diversification and its role in breast cancer progression, both within and systemically within the tumor microenvironment. Exercise may provide benefits through the potential neutrophil involvement in breast cancer.

Purpose: Exercise is gradually being recognized as an essential component of brain plasticity at the molecular, functional, and structural changes levels. What are the causes of the observed exercise reimbursements in neuroscience? Several types of exercises have been studied in various doses in neurological, physiological, psychological, and biochemical experiments. More clarity is required to reveal exercise-brain interactions such as optimal exercise condition variables and neuroplasticity., Methods: This review briefly highlights the empirical evidence of the positive effects neuroprotective activity on neuroscientific advancement., Results: The key areas are as follows: (a) stress exercise model using rodents, (b) hippocampal activation and plasticity with exercise, (c) glycogen metabolism in the brain, and (d) adaptation as a high-intensity interval training model in animals involved in exercise-induced brain plasticity., Conclusion: Overall, exercise-induced molecular, functional, and structural changes in the neuronal system may affect rodents' performance. This study emphasizes the significance of understanding exercise neuroscience and makes recommendations for future research.

Purpose: Functional beverages are intended to support those who want to maintain optimal physical condition and improve their quality of life through the enhancement of heart health, immunity, and digestion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of top-level athletes consuming immune-strengthening conditioning nutritional drinks., Methods: A total of 107 top-level athletes (baseball (56 players), pro volleyball (17), athletics (16), cycling (8), golf (6), and fencing (6)) participated in the experiment. They consumed an immune-enhancing functional beverage once a day for 8 weeks and responded to a survey before, during, and after drinking the beverage., Results: Three total aspect-based subfactors were drawn from 24 questions in the factor analysis: physical, satisfaction with mental stability, and activity in performance. The physical, mental stability and performance changes of athletes significantly increased in period 2 (4 weeks after intake) and period 3 (after 8 weeks of intake)., Conclusion: We evaluated the efficacy of a new conditioned beverage containing Lactobacillus B240 and protein in improving the performance and physiological utility of top athletes. This functional drink may gain popularity among those seeking health benefits and improved exercise performance.

Purpose: Functional foods are thought to strongly influence the structure and function of the brain. Previous studies have reported that brain-boosting diets may enhance neuroprotective functions. Certain foods are particularly rich in nutrients like phytochemicals that are known to support brain plasticity; such foods are commonly referred to as brain foods., Methods: In this review, we briefly explore the scientific evidence supporting the neuroprotective activity of a number of phytochemicals with a focus on phenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as flavonoid, olive oil, and omega-3 fatty acid., Results: The aim of this study was to systematically examine the primary issues related to phytochemicals in the brain. These include (a) the brain-gut-microbiome axis; (b) the effects of phytochemicals on gut microbiome and their potential role in brain plasticity; (c) the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain health; and (d) the effects of nutrition and exercise on brain function., Conclusion: This review provides evidence supporting the view that phytochemicals from medicinal plants play a vital role in maintaining brain plasticity by influencing the brain-gut-microbiome axis. The consumption of brain foods may have neuroprotective effects, thus protecting against neurodegenerative disorders and promoting brain health., (©2020 The Korean Society for Exercise Nutrition.)

Purpose: Functional beverages are a protective or enhancing factor influencing not only public health but also athletic performance. The purpose of this study was to highlight the new conditioning beverage of the Lactobacillus pentosus strain b240 (B240) with electrolytes or proteins, which strengthens immune functions to improve the quality of life., Methods: ISeveral related studies systematically reviews three main issues associated with conditioning beverages: (a) utilization and availability of the functional beverage; (b) significance of B240 in immune strengthening; and (c) availability and application of conditioning drinks in the daily life and sports field., Results: Intake of B240 led to greater enhancements, including blood T-helper, NK cell, IgA and IgG level in conjunction with strengthen immune func¬tions. These results speculated that the practical application of B240 contained beverages on physiological health and performance., Conclusion: BODYMAINTÉ, this novel conditioning beverage is expected biological utility responsible for improved sports performance as a functional drink and has potential health-related implications., (©2019 The Korean Society for Exercise Nutrition.)

Purpose: Voluntary loaded wheel running involves the use of a load during a voluntary running activity. A muscle-strength or power-type activity performed at a relatively high intensity and a short duration may cause fewer apparent metabolic adaptations but may still elicit muscle fiber hypertrophy. This study aimed to determine the effects of acute voluntary wheel running with an additional load on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the rat hippocampus., Methods: Ten-week old male Wistar rats were assigned randomly to a (1) sedentary (Control) group; (2) voluntary exercise with no load (No-load) group; or (3) voluntary exercise with an additional load (Load) group for 1-week (acute period). The expression of BDNF genes was quantified by real-time PCR., Results: The average distance levels were not significantly different in the No-load and Load groups. However, the average work levels significantly increased in the Load group. The relative soleus weights were greater in the No-load group. Furthermore, loaded wheel running up-regulated the BDNF mRNA level compared with that in the Control group. The BDNF mRNA levels showed a positive correlation with workload levels (r=0.75), suggesting that the availability of multiple workload levels contributes to the BDNF-related benefits of loaded wheel running noted in this study., Conclusion: This novel approach yielded the first set of findings showing that acute voluntary loaded wheel running, which causes muscular adaptation, enhanced BDNF expression, suggesting a possible role of high-intensity short-term exercise in hippocampal BDNF activity., (©2017 The Korean Society for Exercise Nutrition)