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Purpose: To evaluate the reflection rate of the first eye in order to minimize the real refractive error in the second eye in bilateral consecutive cataract surgeries. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed with 248 patients who underwent bilateral sequential uncomplicated phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Predicted spherical equivalent was compared with postoperative spherical equivalent, and the range of real refractive error was analyzed by calculating the reflection rate of the first eye. Results: When the difference between predicted spherical equivalent and postoperative spherical equivalent was greater than 0.5 D as calculated with the formula of Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff Theoretical (SRK)-T and SRK II, application of 50-60%, 40-50% of the difference of the first eye was high probability to reduce the second-eye real refractive error (75%, 100%). Conclusions: Application of 40-60% of the real refractive error in the first-eye can minimize the real refractive error in the second-eye in bilateral sequential cataract surgeries. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(3):399-404

Purpose: To report a case of steroid-induced glaucoma in a child who was treated with systemic steroids for a long period due to graft-versus-host disease. Case summary: A 10-year-old male was referred to our ophthalmologic clinic for examination of papilledema due to persistent headache and nausea. He was diagnosed as aplastic anemia 8 years prior and took approximately 4,000 mg of oral prednisolone for 8 years from April 2007 to April 2015 for treatment of lung graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. His best corrected visual acuity was 0.8 (decimal) in the right eye, 0.5 in the left eye and intraocular pressure (IOP) measured using a Goldmann applanation tonometer was 42 mm Hg in the right eye and 43 mm Hg in the left eye. His cup-to-disc ratio was 0.8 in the right eye and 0.7 in the left eye. Additionally, superior and inferior neuroretinal rim thinning was present in both eyes. Despite using IOP-lowering agents, IOP was not controlled. However, after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in both eyes, IOP became normalized. Conclusions: In cases of pediatric patients treated with systemic steroids for a long period of time, regular observation is necessary to prevent IOP elevation and steroid-induced glaucoma. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(3):518-523

Purpose: To report a case of nonparaneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy diagnosed using serum anti-retinal autoantibodies. Case summary: A 60-year-old female complained of progressive visual loss in both eyes over 3 months. Her best corrected visual acuity was hand motion in the right eye, 0.9 (decimal) in the left eye, and no definite abnormal findings were identified on fundus examinations. Automated visual field test revealed severely depressed visual fields in both eyes. Standard full-field electroretinogram (ERG) revealed nearly extinguished scotopic b-waves and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) showed subtle obscuration and interruption of the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction of the photoreceptors. Using Western blotting with human retinal proteins and the patient’s serum, we diagnosed nonparaneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy and performed posterior subtenon steroid injection in the right eye, systemic corticosteroids, and oral mycophenolate mofetil. Full-field ERG after treatment showed slightly increased amplitude but there was no subjective visual improvement. OCT after treatment did not reveal significant changes in the photoreceptor layer. Conclusions: This is the first reported case of nonparaneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy in Korea diagnosed using Western blotting with anti-retinal autoantibodies. Autoimmune retinopathy should be considered in patients with visual field and ERG impairment without definite fundus abnormalities. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56(7):1134-1140