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This paper intends to study the formal academic training and learning system which is followed by secondary education and is referred as higher education. Higher education influences individuals both socially and politically, the socio-political dynamics of education also impact society at large. It is evident from the history that students have played very significant role in various political activities. Students have served as torch bearers of Pakistan movement and remained politically active even after independence. Higher education has also social dynamics as education empowers people in terms of thinking and questioning social circumstances. It makes them aware of their rights and obligation. Education enables people to differentiate between right and wrong. As a result of all this they become socially aware and have some perspective of their own about the present and emerging circumstances. It suggests that the government should work to make higher education accessible for all the people of the country. This will not only make them better human beings but also inculcate values of a responsible citizen which would be beneficial for the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc and Boron dearth is an imperative soil constraint in Pakistan. Zinc (Zn) and boron (B) deficiency in soil is primary hindrance to achieve yield potential of maize. An experiment was conducted with the objectives to optimize methods of B and Zn application in maize and ultimately enhance profitability. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement during autumn 2015. Treatments were replicated three times. The treatments were comprised of C = no Zn and B (Control); Zn (S) = soil application of Zn @ of 12 kg ha-1; B (S): soil application of B @ 3 kg ha-1; Zn (F) = foliar application of 1% Zn at 9th leaf stage; B (F) = foliar application of 0.5% B at 9th leaf stage; Zn (S) + B (S) = soil application of Zn @ 12 kg ha-1 + B @ of 3 kg ha-1 and Zn (F) + B (F) = foliar application of 1% Zn + 0.5% B at 9 leaf stage. Foliar application of Zn and B produced more plant height, cob length, girth, stem girth, shelling percentage, number of grains per cob, 1000-grain weight, harvest index, grain and biological yield. Maximum marginal rate of return was obtained with foliar application of both Zn and B and using foliar Zn alone. Integrated B and Zn application produced more marginal rate of returns both in soil and foliar applications. Use of foliar Zn application also depicted promising results while foliar or soil B application without using Zn enhanced cost of production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To establish a relationship between family size and educational status of female and male subjects belonging to lower middle socioeconomic group of Rawalpindi city. Study Design: Cross sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Rawalpindi city over a period of six months, from September 2015 to February 2016. Material and Methods: The 200 participants of this study were categorized according to their educational status after noting their demographic profiles. Comparison of the number of offsprings in different educational categories was done. Results: The data suggested that both illiterate women and men had the maximum number of offsprings. Sixty percent of illiterate wives and fifty-eight percent of illiterate husbands had five or more offsprings each. Amongst the better-educated respondents of both groups, seventy six percent had three or less offsprings. In this regard, the majority of post Matric qualified husbands had the least number of offsprings. Fisher's Chi-square test was used to establish the relationship between educational status and family size. A highly significant relationship was seen when these variables were co-related statistically (p-value=0.001). Conclusion: The results emphasise the importance of education of couples, especially in the densely packed lower-middle socioeconomic groups, as data showed that better educated participants had a smaller family size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive survey of medicinal plants during 2009 -2010 in Miranshah, revealed 30 medicinal species in the area. They belonged to 27 families. The dominant families were Asteraceae followed by Solanaceae. Most of the plants were wild as there is no trend of cultivation of such plants Datura alba, Allium cepa, Cannabis sativa, Fagonia cretica and Angelica sloula were the important medicinal plants of the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted at 14 different locations of District Karak, Pakistan representing various micro agro climatic zones of the area. Four varieties including three improved varieties of chickpea viz, Sheenghar, KC-98 and Lawaghar and one local variety were used. Data on plant population/m², plant height (cm) and grain yield kg ha-1 were recorded. Data on plant population/m² revealed that locations significantly affected the plant population at P = 0.05 %. The effect of interaction between locations and varieties was non-significant. The data on plant height indicated that locations and varieties both affected the plant height significantly. The interaction between locations and varieties was non-significant. Data on yield kg ha-1 indicated non-significant differences in grain yield due to locations but it was significantly affected by varieties. While locations and their interaction with varieties were found to be non-significantly different for grain yield kg ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil is one of the most important natural resources. It is the outer most weathered layer of earth crust supporting plant life. The analysis indicated that CaCO3 was 16.75, organic matter 0.51, N 0.025, P 9.24, K 100, pH 9.2, Ec 2.95, TSS 0.944 and Gr. 10.32. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]