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Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of two different aerobic exercise programs on the Body Mass Index (BMI) and progranulin (PGRN) levels of overweight or obese female students.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 36 overweight or obese female students from Kashan University of Medical Sciences and Islamic Azad University volunteered to participate. They were randomly divided into three groups: two groups underwent progressively increasing interval or continuous aerobic exercise programs, while the third group served as a control. The exercise programs lasted for 8 consecutive weeks, with blood samples collected before and after the intervention. Progranulin levels were measured using the ELISA technique with Human PGRN, and BMI was assessed at the beginning and end of the program.Results: The results of a one-way ANOVA test showed a significant decrease in progranulin levels (P=0.00) and BMI in both exercise groups compared to the control group (P=0.029).Conclusion: Both interval and continuous aerobic exercise programs were effective in reducing circulating progranulin levels and BMI in overweight or obese female college students. The exercise interventions led to a significant decrease in both variables. Further research is warranted to explore the effects of different aerobic exercise protocols on BMI and progranulin levels in normal adults.

Background and Aim: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an acute disease, particularly in children, and also the second most common bacterial disease in children after upper respiratory tract infection. Due to the high prevalence of UTI in children and its high importance, the present study was conducted to determine frequency of risk factors of UTI in children aged 2 months to 12 years at Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 274 children aged 2 months to 12 years were examined in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran. Data on age, gender, circumcision status, labia adhesion, urinary tract obstruction status, mother's and father's education status, mother's employment status, child care status, and child's underlying diseases were recorded. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The findings showed that nearly 87% of children with urinary tract infections were girls. More than 60% of uncircumcised boys and 5% of girls had labia adhesions. Also, nearly 15% of children had urinary stones. In addition, diabetes has been the most common underlying disease among children. Conclusion: Urinary tract infections are involved in causing kidney damage in children, therefore, knowing the related risk factors can be helpful in preventing its occurrence.

Aims: This study aims to investigate the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) or hypertension and the distribution and severity of pulmonary involvement and short-term clinical outcome in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Materials and Methods: In this case–control study, a group of patients with DM and COVID-19 pneumonia are compared to a group without DM. Demographic information, history of diabetes, hypertension, renal disease, tobacco use, laboratory data, current blood pressure, and chest computed tomography (CT) scan of all patients were extracted. The patients' laboratory tests were performed on the same day that the chest CT scan was performed. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Findings: The results show that gender, age, smoking, and history of kidney disease were not significantly associated with the history of diabetes and hypertension (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the history of diabetes and hypertension had no significant relationship with the distribution and severity of pulmonary involvement and short-term clinical outcome (P > 0.05). However, among the laboratory findings, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly associated with a history of diabetes and blood urea nitrogen values were associated with a history of hypertension (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the history of diabetes and hypertension has no significant relationship with the distribution and severity of pulmonary involvement and short-term clinical outcome.

Aim: The aim of this study is to study the frequency of sudden death in sports from the year 2004–2020 in the city of Kashan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This case series research included fatal sports injuries from the years 2004 to year 2020. Anecdotal data were collected by interviewing different sports organizations and close relatives of the victims. Result: The result of descriptive analysis of collected data showed that 17 cases of sudden sports death occurred during the years 2004 until 2020. The highest frequency of the cases occurred in mountain claiming with 9 (52.9%), followed by swimming with 3 (17.6%), and handball with 2 (11.8%), horse riding 1 (5.9%), basketball 1 (5.9%), and martial arts 1 (5.9%). All the analysis was performed using the SPSS: pc version 21. Conclusion: Fatal sports injuries are rare; however, they occur incidentally due to poor knowledge and education of the sport participants. It was concluded that nearly all fatal incidents were preventable.