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A white population from the State of Minnesota of primarily German and Scandinavian heritage was subtyped for alpha 1-antitrypsin variants using isoelectric focusing. The frequencies of the genes PI*M1 (0.724), PI*M2 (0.137) and PI*M3 (0.095) were consistent with those for white populations documented in the literature from Northern Europe. Other genes identified in the study were PI*F, PI*I, PI*P, PI*S and PI*Z.

Three new alleles of human red cell acid phosphatase (ACP1) have been identified by comparison with previously reported variants using three different electrophoretic techniques. Family data are available on all the variants and show genetic transmission of the rare alleles ACP1*N, ACP1*P and ACP1*S. Further evidence of a rare allele demonstrating reversed 'A' activity is also described. The report documents the need to use several electrophoretic techniques to characterize new or rare variants.