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INTRODUCTION[|]For those with severe kidney disease, renal transplantation is the best treatment option when compared with dialysis methods; however, it is important to consider potential complications that may occur and the negative effects on graft survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of iron parameters on the development of post-transplant anemia (PTA) and post-transplant erythrocytosis (PTE).[¤]METHODS[|]This retrospective study was conducted with 214 renal transplant recipients. PTA was defined as a hemoglobin (Hb) level of 17g/dL for men and >15g/dL for women. The remaining patients were defined as the control group. [¤]RESULTS[|]PTA developed in 79 patients (36.9%), and PTE developed in 25 patients (11.7%). The iron level was lower in the PTE group before the transplantation and in the first 3 months after transplantation; however, it was also determined that in the PTA group, the iron level was low at 6 and 12 months. Even though the PTA patients' transferrin saturation (TS) was rose significantly in the first month after transplant, it was observed that the TS was lower in the PTE group at all time points. [¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Even if iron levels are low before kidney transplantation in case of proper replecement is performed and graft functions are intact; anemia may improve and even polycythemia may develop. TS increased in the initial post-transplant period; it may be an early indicator of PTA and the development of graft function failure.[¤]

Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is characterized by microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. Typhoid fever caused by salmonella typhi, a systemic infectious disease which affects many organs, is rarely encountered in clinical practice. As a result of the developments in food industry, salmonella bacteraemia has not caused endemics as typhoid fever in recent years as before. Especially in high risk groups, it may cause high mortality and morbidity if left untreated. We presented a 31-year-old kidney transplant patient with diarrhoea, rash, macroscopic haematuria, oliguria, microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and cultivated salmonella typhi in blood cultures. It is the first case of haemolytic uremic syndrome due to typhoid fever in renal transplant recipient in the literature.

INTRODUCTION[|]Hospital related hyponatremia has a significant mortality and it is widely seen among hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was identify the treatments of patients before developing hyponatremia and the relationship between these treatments and severity of hyponatremia, length of stay and mortality rate.[¤]METHODS[|]This study is conducted retrospectively on 133 patients that developed hyponatremia during their hospitalization for any reason in our hospital between 2012 and 2013. Demographic features of patients, sodium values after hyponatremia, treatments applied to patients before developing hyponatremia, length of hospital stay and mortality rates were analyzed.[¤]RESULTS[|]Diuretics made up the largest part (46,6%) of medical treatments related to hyponatremia before development of hyponatremia. When any of the treatments which may cause to hyponatremia (hypotonic fluids, mannitol, diuretics, other drugs and surgery) was administered additional to current treatment, each factor was seemed to prolong length of hospital stay by 8,1+- 1,853 days.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Although a significant relationship between treatments and mortality rates or hyponatremia severity could not be identified, pronlongation in length of hospital stay was crucial for avoiding complications of hospitalization and also for decreasing costs of healthcare. This research may also be a guide for futher prospective case controlled studies.[¤]

INTRODUCTION[|]A blood transfusion, defined as a procedure to replace lost blood, is actually a tissue transplantation, performed with consideration given to the impact profile, the potential development of complications, and the risk of anaphylaxis and rejection, which may lead to death. This study is an analysis of emergency blood transfusions in terms of symptoms and indications. [¤]METHODS[|]Hospital records of blood transfusions administered in the emergency service were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were categorized into 2 groups: emergency patients and non-emergency patients, based on the presentation.[¤]RESULTS[|]Over the course of 3 months, 1156 transfusions (2.18 per person) were performed in 528 patients (61.4% male). It was determined that the most commonly seen patient complaints were weakness (19%) and melena (14%), followed by cases in which the patient was asymptomatic, but there was laboratory pathology (12.9%). In all, 47% of all cases of blood transfusion were considered urgent.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]No correlation was determined between urgency requirement and hemoglobin level. Aside from those administered for active bleeding, most blood transfusions were not performed due to an urgent indication. The establishment of separate, ambulatory parenteral treatment units in could reduce the burden on emergency services to some extent and protect the priority status real emergency patients need.[¤]

A 3-year-old girl with the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) was hospitalized for bronchopneumonia and congestive heart failure. Her medical history included methylprednisolone medication for autoimmune gastric outlet obstruction. Computed tomography revealed pneumonic infiltrations and pericardial thickening. A pulsed-wave Doppler recording revealed E/A >1. During a pericardiectomy, multiple islands of thick, firm-walled, fibrinous exudate-containing, small abscess formations were observed. Histopathological evaluation of pericardial tissue revealed granulomatous inflammation. Aspergillus fumigatus was cultured from the abscess. In conclusion, development of constrictive aspergillus pericarditis should be considered in patients with CGD because immediate initiation of anti-fungal management with aggressive surgical treatment is life-saving.

INTRODUCTION[|]As a result of recent advances in therapies, the subtyping of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) has become more important. This study was an evaluation of the use of cytomorphological characteristics and immunohistochemical markers to predict the subtype of NSCLC in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) material.[¤]METHODS[|]Records of 73 cases of surgically resected NSCLC that had been preoperatively diagnosed with FNA biopsy were reviewed. Cytology specimens were reviewed for cytomorphological features of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC), and the contribution of immunohistochemistry to histological subtyping was evaluated.[¤]RESULTS[|]The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values for keratinized lamellar cytoplasm and dense chromatin in SCC, and for flat sheets and nucleocytoplasmic polarity in AC were more than 60%. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed 60% sensitivity and 93% specificity for thyroid transcription factor 1 in AC. P63 and cytokeratin 5/6 had 73% and 64% sensitivity and 78% and 96% specificity, respectively, in SCC. The immunohistochemistry results of the cell blocks and the resection material demonstrated 94% conformity.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Immunohistochemistry is helpful in subtyping NSCLC, including poorly differentiated tumors. The cell block method of representing the immune profile of the tumors was found to be reliable.[¤]