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Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of IL28B rs12979860 and rs8099917 polymorphisms with the clinical, histological, and virological outcomes of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) also the treatment responses of patients who received Nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) therapy., Methods: This study included 152 CHB patients who were underwent liver parenchymal biopsy. The IL28B rs12979860 and rs8099917 polymorphism were genotyped using the TaqMan assay., Results: The IL28B rs12979860 CC and IL28B rs8099917 TT were identified as the genotypes with the highest frequency in all patients. On the other hand, IL28B rs12979860 TT and IL28B rs8099917 GG were the genotypes with the lowest frequency. The frequency of IL28B rs8099917 TG genotype was significantly different between patients with hepatitis B, who has histologically defined liver cirrhosis and no-fibrosis (p=0.02). In addition, a statistically significant correlation was found between the presence of IL28B rs8099917 G allele and virological unresponsiveness to NAs treatments in CHB patients (p=0.028)., Conclusion: The presence of the IL28B rs8099917 G allele in CHB patients might be associated with the risk of developing cirrhosis and virological unresponsiveness to NAs treatments., Competing Interests: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors., (© Copyright 2022 by Istanbul Provincial Directorate of Health.)

Objective: In this study, the effect of mesalazine was studied on TNF alpha IL-1 beta, IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and inflammatory changes in rat lungs with experimental peritonitis., Methods: In total, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-280 g were used in the study.The rats were divided into three groups based on no irrigation or irrigation with isotonic solution or mesalazine. Secondary peritonitis was generated by cecum penetrations. Group I, no irrigation was given after the development of peritonitis; Group II, irrigation was performed using isotonic solution 24 h after the development of peritonitis., Group Iii: irrigation was performed using mesalazine 24 h after the development of peritonitis. Blood samples were taken in the 48 th hour for measuring TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and CRP levels. Lung tissue samples were taken for examining the effect of mesalazine in the development of systemic sepsis., Results: TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, and CRP levels were significantly low in Group III than in the other groups (p<0.005). In the histologic examination, leucocyte infiltration in the lung was found low in Group III., Conclusion: TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, and CRP levels and leucocyte infiltration in the lung were found to be low in rats that were administered peritoneal irrigation using mesalazine after the development of secondary peritonitis. Peritoneal irrigation using mesalazine may be useful in patients requiring surgery due to secondary peritonitis., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.