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Background: Systemic immune-inflammatory index (platelet count × neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio) is a new marker that predicts adverse clinical outcomes in coronary artery diseases. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between the systemic immune-inflammatory index and residual SYNTAX score in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: In this retrospective study, 518 consecutive patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were analyzed. The severity of coronary artery diseases was determined by residual SYNTAX score. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, systemic immune-inflammatory index with an optimal threshold value of 1025.1 could detect the presence of a high residual SYNTAX score; the patients were divided into 2 groups as low (326) and high (192) according to the threshold value. In addition, binary multiple logistic regression analysis methods were used to evaluate independent predictors of high residual SYNTAX score. Results: In binary multiple logistic regression analysis, systemic immune-inflammatory index [odds ratio = 6.910; 95% CI = 4.203-11.360; P

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of coronary bifurcation lesion (CBL) is challenging due to its complex anatomy resulting in difficulty in deciding on treatment procedure. Although there are advanced techniques and well-experienced operators, the optimal stenting strategy is still debated. The contemporary PCI techniques of CBL aim to achieve minimal stent protrusion to the main vessel and to minimize stent layers at the neocarina as well as the side branch (SB) ostium and proximal main vessel (PMV). In addition, it is necessary to avoid incomplete stent coverage at the SB ostium and stent malapposition. Traditional 2-stent strategies have been improved using minimal stent protrusion to the main vessel (MV) and double kissing (DK) balloon dilatation to reach optimal results. Although the DK crush has been the prominent treatment modality,1 there are studies showing that the DK culotte stenting may have better results especially in terms of stent malapposition and metal layers at the neocarina.2 In our case report, we demonstrate a novel minimal protruded DK nanoculotte stenting technique for the treatment of true CBL

Background: Although energy drinks have been consumed for many years, their effects on the cardiovascular system continue to be investigated. Today, the most frequently used area of energy drinks is the entertainment sector, and this study investigates the effects of energy drinks and alcohol consumption on rats' limb and myocardium tissue. Methods: Forty Wistar Albino rats were used and divided into 4 groups. Energy drinks were given to the first group (the energy drink group), alcohol was given to the second group, and energy drinks and alcohol were given to the third group Redbull-Alcohol (RA). Blood samples, leg muscles, and heart tissues were studied after the ischemia–reperfusion model was created at the infrarenal level. Results: In the histopathological examination of heart muscles, the damage was significantly more severe in the RA group than in the control group (P

BACKGROUND: This study compares the efficacy and safety of lateral approach surgery with and without radial nerve dissection in treating humeral diaphyseal fractures. It assesses clinical, radiological, and complication outcomes, providing a description of the surgical methods and perioperative benefits. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from 71 patients admitted between May 2015 and December 2022 who underwent lateral approach surgery for humeral diaphyseal fractures. Group 1, consisting of 34 patients without radial nerve dissection, and Group 2, comprising 37 patients with radial nerve dissection, were compared. Parameters such as age, gender, fracture side (right/ left), fracture type, follow-up time, surgical duration, blood loss, radiological and clinical evaluations (including Shoulder-Elbow range of motion [ROM] and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score [Q-DASH]), and complications were examined. Surgical techniques and outcomes were documented. RESULTS: Both groups exhibited comparable distributions in age, gender, fracture types, and follow-up times (p>0.05). Group 1 demonstrated significantly lower surgical duration and blood loss compared to Group 2 (p<0.05 for both). Clinical assessment revealed satisfactory shoulder and elbow ROM within functional limits for all patients, with no instances of infection. Q-DASH scores were similar between groups. Postoperative radial nerve palsy occurred in one patient in Group 1 and three patients in Group 2, with all cases resolving uneventfully during outpatient follow-ups. Radiological assessment confirmed uneventful union in all patients. CONCLUSION: Lateral approach surgery without radial nerve dissection for humeral diaphyseal fractures offers comparable effectiveness and safety to conventional surgery, with potential perioperative advantages such as reduced operation time and blood loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome. TSC arises from mutations in either TSC1, at 9q34, or TSC2, at 16p13.3. Skin lesions, such as hypomelanotic macules, facial angiofibromas, shagreen patches, and ungual fibromas, are frequently seen in these patients. The present study aims to investigate clinical manifestations, molecular findings and phenotype-genotype correlations in 17 patients with TSC. Materials and Methods: TSC1 and TSC2 molecular analyses were performed on a next-generation sequencing platform (Illumina MiSeq). Variant interpretation was made in accordance with the American College of Medical Genetics 2015 recommendations. Results: Four patients carried a heterozygous mutation in TSC1, while the remaining seven carried mutations in TSC2. Three novel variants in TSC2 were defined. Sequencing failed to detect a mutation in six patients. In only one of these patients, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA®) could be performed, and a large deletion in the TSC1 gene was detected. A wide spectrum of phenotypic features was noted throughout the study group. Dermatological findings were observed in almost all patients. Conclusion: In this study, in addition to the three novel mutations reported herein, the spectrum of TSC1 and TSC2 gene mutations and their phenotypes were reported.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and Methods: This study was performed retrospectively in a medical ICU. All patients admitted to were either laboratory-confirmed or clinically probable COVID-19 patients, and all patients admitted to our ICU during this period were enrolled in the study. Results: We enrolled 47 patients. The mean age was 68.4+-13.4 years and 66% of patients were male. The most common co-morbidities were hypertension (66%) and cardiovascular diseases (40%). The mean APACHE II score was 22.4+-8.5, and the first-day median SOFA score was 5 (range: 1–12). Hydroxychloroquine was the most common drug prescribed (78.7%). All patients received at least one antibiotic other than Azithromycin as the most common drug was Piperacillin-Tazobactam (63.8%). Among 47 patients, 55.3% (28 patients) who were admitted to the ICU needed invasive mechanical ventilation. Prone positioning was used in 23% (6 patients) of mechanically ventilated patients. The mean positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was 10+-3 cm H2O. The median PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 200 (range, 91–458). The most common ventilator mode was SIMV-PSV volume-controlled mode. ICU mortality rate was 34% (16 patients). Conclusion: The most common reason to admit SARS-CoV-2 infected patients to our ICU was acute respiratory failure and hypoxemia during the first month of pandemics. COVID-19 patients have a high mortality rate when they develop severe disease.

Objective: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a good alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in severe aortic stenosis patients who are at intermediate or high risk, or other cases that are considered unsuitable for SAVR. TAVI is most often performed on elderly patients, and although conventional risk scores include a number of comorbidities, they do not take into account functional decline specific to elderly patients. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), which is a simple and effective parameter for both nutritional and inflammatory status, reflects functional decline in the elderly. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the PNI on short-term survival after TAVI. Methods: The PNI values of 302 patients who underwent TAVI were analyzed. The study population was divided into 2 groups according to a PNI cut-off value: PNI >43.37 (n=213; 70%) and PNI

Hypercalcemia is a common metabolic abnormality in children and generally occurs due to hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D toxicity, some genetic disorders and malignant diseases. Granulomatous diseases are a rare cause of hypercalcemia in children, which are usually mild and asymptomatic. Severe hypercalcemia in granulomatous diseases has also been reported in the literature. Here, we report a child presenting with severe hypercalcemia secondary to miliary tuberculosis with successful management with bisphosphonate treatment. Increased 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis by activated macrophages in the granuloma tissue is the major mechanism of hypercalcemia in tuberculosis.

Objective: Stress is known to be a significant risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis and adverse cardiovascular events; however, the stress-related coronary atherosclerotic burden has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the SYNTAX scores in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: A total of 440 patients with STEMI were prospectively enrolled and divided into 2 groups according to the PSS score with a ROC curve analysis cut-off value of 17.5. In all, 361 patients with a low PSS score were categorized as Group 1 and 79 patients with a high PSS score were categorized as Group 2. Results: The SYNTAX score [Group 1, 16.0 (10.0–22.5); Group 2, 22.5 (15.0–25.5); p

Objective: The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), based on serum albumin and lymphocyte concentration, is an inflammation-based nutritional score that has been shown to be a prognostic determinant in several populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of PNI on mortality in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). Methods: A total of 131 patients with IE were enrolled in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on in-hospital mortality. The PNI value of the patients was evaluated, as well as baseline clinical and demographical variables. Results: Among the study group, 29 patients died in-hospital during the median follow-up of 37 days. The PNI was found to be lower in cases of mortality (35.90+-6.96; 31.09+-5.88; p=0.001). ROC curve analysis also demonstrated that the PNI had a good predictive value for in-hospital mortality with a cut-off value of 35.6 (Area under the curve: 0.691; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.589–0.794; p=0.002). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, advanced age (Odds ratio [OR]: 1.078; 95% CI: 1.017–1.143; p=0.012), PNI (OR: 0.911; 95% CI: 0.835–0.993; p=0.034), and leaflet perforation (OR: 5.557; 95% CI: 1.357–22.765; p=0.017) were found to be independent predictors of mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that long-term survival was found to be significantly decreased in patients with a lower PNI (Log rank: p=0.008). Conclusion: The PNI result was associated with an increased in-hospital mortality rate in patients with IE. The PNI value, advanced age, and cardiac valve perforation as a complication of IE were found to be independent predictors of mortality.

Despite all the advancements in science, medical knowledge, healthcare, and the healthcare industry, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The main reasons are the inadequacy of preventive health services and delays in diagnosis due to the increasing population, the failure of physicians to apply guide-based treatments, the lack of continuous patient follow-up, and the low compliance of patients with doctors' recommendations. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are systems that support complex decision-making processes by using AI techniques such as data analysis, foresight, and optimization. Artificial intelligence-based CDSSs play an important role in patient care by providing more accurate and personalized information to healthcare professionals in risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment optimization, and monitoring and early warning of CVD. These are just some examples, and the use of AI for CVD decision support systems is rapidly evolving. However, for these systems to be fully reliable and effective, they need to be trained with accurate data and carefully evaluated by medical professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology / Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology / Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the prognosis of different cancers has been determined by a series of studies. The role of these inflammatory markers as definitive prognostic factors in bladder cancer is controversial. This research was conducted to explore the prognostic worth of pretreatment inflammatory markers including NLR and PLR in metastatic bladder cancer (mBC) patients receiving first-line chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively appraised 71 patients diagnosed with mBC from August 2005 to November 2017. According to the threshold values that were identified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the NLR and PLR were each divided into two groups: first, ≤2.93 and >2.93, and second, ≤168.9 and >168.9 respectively. The Cox proportional hazards model was applied to uncover the probable predictors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Findings obtained by univariate analysis determined that an elevated NLR, a high PLR, and the onset of anemia were significantly correlated with poorer OS. Additionally, a significant relationship was found between an elevated NLR and reduced PFS. In the multiple analysis, an elevated NLR was identified as an independent predictor for both, reduced OS (Odds Ratio (OR): 5.58, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 2.80–11.13, p

INTRODUCTION[|]Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic hyperglycemic state and is associated with microvascular structural alterations. This study aimed to investigate the diameters of capillary loops and morphostructural changes using nailfold video capillaroscopy (NVC) in patients with type 2 DM with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR).[¤]METHODS[|]This cross-sectional, single-center study was conducted in patients with type 2 DM who were followed in outpatient clinics of ophthalmology and internal medicine. General demographic data were collected from patients. An ophthalmologist examined all patients in terms of DR. A rheumatologist blinded to the clinical data performed NVC. The diameters of apical, arterial, and venous loop of capillaries were measured, and the microvascular changes of capillaries were scored.[¤]RESULTS[|]In this study, 44 patients with type 2 DM with DR (47.7% males) and 20 patients with type 2 DM without DR (55% males) were included. In our study, patients with type 2 DM with DR had more frequent capillary hemorrhage, more frequent ectasia, more frequent giant capillary, and more frequent neo-angiogenesis than patients with type 2 DM without DR. However, these findings were not statistically significant.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Further controlled studies with large sample size are needed to determine the characteristic NVC findings of DR in patients with type 2 DM.[¤]

Objective: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) may affect disease recurrence after operation for colorectal cancer (CRC). Whether LVI is an exact prognostic variable remains uncertain. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between clinicopathologic factors, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) in patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer who underwent adjuvant treatments, focusing on LVI. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively investigated 173 patients who underwent operation for stage II tumors from September 2000 and December 2013. All patients received postoperative adjuvant therapy. The distinction among factors was calculated by a chi-square test. Survival probabilities were predicted with the Kaplan–Meier method, and group comparisons were applied with the log-rank test. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis were used to determine the most substantial risk elements. Results: LVI was identified in 26 of 173 patients (15%) and was significantly related with positive perineural invasion (PNI) (p

Objective: Frailty is a prevalent geriatric syndrome that can indicate mortality in the elderly. The aim of this study was to determine if there was an association between frailty and 4-year mortality in the community-dwelling Turkish older people. Materials and Methods: The Fried Frailty Index (FFI) and FRAIL scale data from the Kayseri Elderly Health Study were used. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the association between frailty and mortality, as assessed by the FFI and FRAIL scales. Results: The 4-year mortality frequency was found at 7.2% (n=65/905).The gender-specific mortality was 2.4% (n=22) in females and 4.8% (n=43) in males. The frequency of mortality in the elderly aged ≥75 years was 12.8% (n=34/265), and in those aged 60–74 years, it was 4.8% (n=31/640). The frequency of mortality in the frail, pre-frail, and non-frail older people was 57.4%, 25.9%, and 16.7%, respectively, for the FFI. The corresponding frequency of mortality for the FRAIL scale was 20.6%, 54.0%, and 25.4%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, male gender (OR 2.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43–4.96) and being frail (OR 5.34, 95%CI 2.45–11.67) were significantly associated with 4-year mortality according to the FFI. Conclusion: Both the FFI and FRAIL scales may be significant predictors of 4-year mortality in the sample. However, the FFI may be considered as the strongest predictor for 4-year mortality, primarily in male gender.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Doty surgical approach in pediatric patients with congenital supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) by examining early and mid-term outcomes. Methods: Surgical repair using the Doty technique was performed in a total of 10 pediatric patients with SVAS between January 2005 and July 2015 at this clinic. These patients were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic characteristics, echocardiographic findings, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results: The mean patient age was 4.8+-3.9 years. Williams-Beuren syndrome was diagnosed in 4 of the patients. Early mortality was observed in 1 patient with diffuse SVAS. At the final follow-up (mean follow-up: 3.7+-1.2 years; range: 6-61 months), echocardiograms revealed a mean pressure gradient of 14+-4.2 mmHg. Two patients displayed minimal aortic insufficiency during the follow-up period. No reoperation or reintervention was required. Conclusion: The Doty technique is an anatomically and technically effective surgical approach to treating SVAS.

Aortic valve endocarditis can lead to the destruction or perforation of the leaflets, ring abscess, fistula, or perivalvular regurgitation; less commonly, the regurgitation itself may result in secondary damage to subaortic structures. Pseudoaneurysm of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa is a rare complication of native aortic valve endocarditis. This region is a relatively avascular area and is prone to endocarditis infection and subsequent aneurysm formation. Herein, the case of a 33-year-old man who was diagnosed with bicuspid aortic valve endocarditis complicated by a pseudoaneurysm, an aneurysm, and aortic valve rupture is described.

Copyright of Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology / Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCTION[|]Optimal surgical approach for patients with hemodynamically significant carotid and cardiac disease remains controversial. [¤]METHODS[|]Total of 370 randomized patients who underwent 412 carotid endarterectomies (42 cases were bilateral) and cardiac surgery between 2009 and 2014 were enrolled in the study. All patient data, including demographic details, risk factors, immediate perioperative events, 30-day and long-term outcome, were prospectively recorded and then analyzed statistically as mean and SD.[¤]RESULTS[|]Of the patients, 29.4% (n=108) were female and 70.6% (n=262) were male. Mean age was 64 years (range: 42–86 years). In all, 37.03% (n=137) of the patients were defined as symptomatic. Asymptomatic severe carotid artery stenosis (≥70%) was diagnosed in 62.98% (n=233) of the patients. Mean observation time in intensive care unit following surgery was 2.84 (+-1.20) hours and total hospital stay was 3.72 (+-1.64) days. Restenosis was diagnosed in 7 (1.69%) of the patients during follow-up. Rate of cardiac events and stroke in postoperative early term were 2.94% and 0.72%, respectively.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Awake carotid endarterectomy is safe and reliable procedure. Patient consciousness can be optimally evaluated during operation with regional anesthesia, thereby allowing for precise determination of need for shunt and avoiding unnecessary use.[¤]

Emphysematous cystitis is a urinary tract infection with gas formation. Because of life-threatening complications, early diagnosis and treatment of emphysematous cystitis are essential. Many predisposing factors have been described, such as diabetes mellitus and neurogenic bladder. Hydronephrosis without an obstructive lesion has been reported in some emphysematous cystitis cases. In this case report, a 74-year-old female patient was diagnosed with emphysematous cystitis and bilateral hydronephrosis without any predisposing factor. We present the characteristics of the case in this report.

Copyright of Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology / Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Systemic immune-inflammatory index (platelet count × neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio) is a new marker that predicts adverse clinical outcomes in coronary artery diseases. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between the systemic immune-inflammatory index and residual SYNTAX score in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: In this retrospective study, 518 consecutive patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were analyzed. The severity of coronary artery diseases was determined by residual SYNTAX score. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, systemic immune-inflammatory index with an optimal threshold value of 1025.1 could detect the presence of a high residual SYNTAX score; the patients were divided into 2 groups as low (326) and high (192) according to the threshold value. In addition, binary multiple logistic regression analysis methods were used to evaluate independent predictors of high residual SYNTAX score. Results: In binary multiple logistic regression analysis, systemic immune-inflammatory index [odds ratio = 6.910; 95% CI = 4.203-11.360; P < .001] was an independent predictor of high residual SYNTAX score. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the systemic immune-inflammatory index and residual SYNTAX score (r = 0.350, P < .001). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the systemic immune-inflammatory index with an optimal threshold value of 1025.1 could detect the presence of a high residual SYNTAX score with 73.8% sensitivity and 72.3% specificity. Conclusion: Systemic immune-inflammatory index, an inexpensive and easily measurable laboratory variable, was an independent predictor of the increased residual SYNTAX score in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This report aimed to examine changes in constituents of body composition that correlate to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with acromegaly using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 62 patients who were followed up after their acromegaly diagnosis and 40 healthy volunteers. All patients' body compositions were evaluated using a body composition analyzer (TANITA MC-780-Black) with the BIA method. The laboratory and anthropometric measurements and body composition parameters were compared between the patients with acromegaly and the controls. Moreover, these parameters were examined according to the disease activity. Results: This study showed that patients with acromegaly have higher plasma glucose levels than the control group (p=0.001). The homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index of patients with acromegaly was significantly higher than that of the controls (p=0.02). The compartments of intracellular water (ICW) and extracellular water (ECW) in the patients with acromegaly were larger than that in the controls (respectively; p=0.02 and p=0.001). The lean mass of the patients with acromegaly in the trunk and extremities was significantly higher than the controls (respectively; p=0.002 and p=0.001). The compartment of muscle was significantly larger than that in the controls (p=0.001). The basal metabolism in patients with acromegaly was significantly higher than that in the controls (p=0.002). Conclusion: Determining the body composition using the BIA method can provide important information about the cardiovascular risks in patients with acromegaly. With the BIA method, cardiovascular risk can be estimated and reduced with effective strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case study of 57-year-old male patient is presented who was admitted to hospital with unstable angina pectoris. Topics include examines he had a history of PCI for the left circumflex artery and the right coronary artery several years ago and considered his electrocardiography showed normal sinus rhythm without any St-T wave abnormalities.

Background: Although energy drinks have been consumed for many years, their effects on the cardiovascular system continue to be investigated. Today, the most frequently used area of energy drinks is the entertainment sector, and this study investigates the effects of energy drinks and alcohol consumption on rats' limb and myocardium tissue. Methods: Forty Wistar Albino rats were used and divided into 4 groups. Energy drinks were given to the first group (the energy drink group), alcohol was given to the second group, and energy drinks and alcohol were given to the third group Redbull-Alcohol (RA). Blood samples, leg muscles, and heart tissues were studied after the ischemia-reperfusion model was created at the infrarenal level. Results: In the histopathological examination of heart muscles, the damage was significantly more severe in the RA group than in the control group (P < .05). There was no significant change in the RA group in the limb muscle; however, muscle fiber abnormality was higher. The energy drink group was more prone to carbon dioxide retention and hypoxia, resulting in respiratory acidosis. (P = .05). Lactate was significantly higher in the energy drink group (P = .002). Glucose concentrations of energy drink and RA groups were higher (P = .02). Conclusion: The high lactate values of the energy drink group and more damaged fibers in the striated muscles in the RA group showed that they are more susceptible to ischemia. Long-term energy drinks and alcohol use may cause damage to the heart muscle and endothelium. Also, the effects of long-term alcohol and energy drink use on the respiratory system should be investigated with more specific studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology / Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology / Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)