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In this study, the effect of real effective exchange rate on the data of manufacturing industry export and import, which is obtained by classifying the products according to technology density, is being investigated. It is aimed at determining the effect of real effective exchange rate on import and export of high, medium-high, medium-low and low-technology product groups in the current study, within which the work of quarterly data for the period 1996-2018, for Turkey is taken into account. In accordance with this purpose, in order to determine the relationship between the related variables, Johansen cointegration within the scope of VAR analysis, Toda-Yamamoto causality test, effect response function and variance decomposition methods were used. According to the findings of the analysis when real effective rates and shocks compared in terms of exports high-tech products are more sensitive when compared to other technology products, in terms of imports high technology products are more sensitive to low technology products. Moreover, except for the medium-low technology level, it is observed that the exchange rate elasticity of imports increases as the technology level of the products increases. Therefore, it can be said that the effect of real effective exchange rate on manufacturing foreign trade varies according to technology density for Turkey. According to the Toda-Yamamoto causality analysis, no causal link between the real effective exchange rate and export was found in any of the export models, while the causality relationship between the exchange rate and the import in import models was determined at all technology levels except medium-high technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to research whether there is a statistically significant relationship between R&D expenditures and firm profitability. In this study 66 manufacturing firms, listed Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) between 2010 and 2013 and spending incessantly on R&D in relevant years, were analyzed. Also, Panel Least Squares regression method was used. In this context, a multiple regression model was established to measure the effect on Return Assets (ROA) of R&D expenditures. In the established multiple regression model R&D expenditures, leverage ratio and firm size variables were used as independent variables. As a result, it was determined that one year lagged R&D expenditures have positive and statistically significant effect on firm profitability. Also, it was seen that leverage ratio has negative effect on firm profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]