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Objective: To assess orthodontist's knowledge about maintenance of oral hygiene in the course of active management in the sub-population performed in Saudi Arabia. Methods: The cross-sectional plan, performed in multiple dental treatment facilities including governmental hospitals and private dental clinics in Abha City, KSA, between November 10, 2019 and December 29, 2019. A total of 500 individuals were selected according to the following inclusion criteria which was male and female during orthodontic treatment patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances for at least 6 months which aged between 10-30 years. Sample size was calculated through Rao soft software. Data was collected through non probability purposive sampling. The exclusion criteria were uncooperative and unresponsive patients. A structured questionnaire assessed demographic characteristics of patients (age, gender) and orthodontists' knowledge about maintenance of oral hygiene of patients in the course of active management. They evaluated frequency of tooth brushing, tooth paste selection, usage of several fluoride supplements etc. For categorical data, mean and standard deviation were used, descriptive statistics was described as frequency and percentage. For the evaluation of association among categorical variables, a Chi-square test was used. Statistically significant p

Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry which deals with malalignment of teeth and facial skeleton. The mechanics of fixed appliance therapy completely relies on retention of orthodontic appliance. Retention is the phase of Orthodontic treatment that attempts to keep teeth in corrected position after treatment with orthodontic braces. Without the phase of retention, there is a tendency for teeth to return to their initial position. Hence it is very necessary to prevent relapse. It depends on many factors. Every orthodontic patient should wear retention appliances to prevent relapse. This review article in detail discusses the protocol of retention and various factors affecting it.

Abstract Congenital missing lateral incisor of maxilla is a common tooth anomaly. Its replacement can have many options. The choice ought to be understandable for patients or guardians hence effectively address the patient's issues. Regardless of canine replacement, solitary inserts, tooth-supported prosthesis are techniques for patients with missing maxillary missing lateral incisors, although numerous confront are engaged with acquiring and holding ideal outcomes. In this case, report a case of 16 year old boy was discussed which has the diagnosis of Class II division 1 with missing upper laterals and anterior open bite. Plan was to perform space closure by canine lateralization and retraction of upper anterior to reduce the overjet followed by extraction of lower 5s to alleviate anterior crowding, correct molar relationship, maintain lower anterior teeth position, finishing, and alignment followed by retention.