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There is a profusion of competing analyses of the meaning of religious language, or talk about God, in Western Religions (hereafter: "RL"). There are, on the one hand cognitivist theories, which take RL to include the expression of (truthvalue bearing) propositions. There are also many non-cognitivist views. The number of different theories is partly due to the lack of success in finding criteria of adequacy for such theories. We may think that all theories aim to analyze RL as it is actually used, and so might suppose that they attempt to meet the following criterion

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This study reports on religious preferences and activity among Indochinese refugees resettled in Utah between 1975 and 1983. A significant group of these refugees adopted Western Christian religions, the majority affiliating with ethnic congregations. Reasons for change of religion emphasized interpersonal considerations and the need to re-establish social support networks. Refugees tended to rate religion as being important in their lives and reported a relatively high amount of religious participation. The major predictors of participation in religious activities were membership in a Western religion, ethnic origin, importance of religion prior to resettlement, and English-speaking ability on arrival in the United States.