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Given the range and quality of this small group of preColumbian objects selected from the John B. Elliott bequest, it is regrettable that he did not collect more actively in this area. He responded to objects with highly animated designs, whether narrative, as in the Late Classic blackware beaker from the Pacific Coast of Guatemala, or animistic, as in Cocle ceramics from Panama. While the figures on the Maya Chama ceremonial vessel are more iconically composed, they are painted in a vigorous style; and a fierce energy is barely contained in the dark serpentine head, a fragment of an Olmec transformation figure. The three remaining works in the group, however, are very different in spirit.The design of the hacha from Guatemala is rigorously spare and contained; the life-size Teotihuacan jasper mask, while fleshier, is more serenely transcendent than the more characteristically gaunt, attenuated masks from that culture; and the Mezcala model of a temple is magically imbued with a monumentality and quiet grandeur that belie its diminutive scale and simplicity of form.While one cannot draw any meaningful conclusions about John Elliott's taste in pre-Columbian art from this small, eclectic group of objects, they all testify to his lively imagination and his great feeling for quality, and are distinguished and distinctive additions to the art museum's collection.

A systematic stylistic analysis of the figural decoration on two mosaic glass beakers from the Iron-Age settlement, Hasanlu, in Northwest Iran suggests that the vessels were manufactured in Babylonia in the time of the Kassites and exported to the east. The analysis serves to understand better the wide network of cultural exchange that existed in the ancient Near East in the late second-early first millennium b.c. It also provides an opportunity to make explicit the elements that constitute style and to try to rank their relative value for establishing relationships between works of art.

The article traces the development of a new method for the reconstruction of thin-walled glass vessels which are not only fragmentary but very incomplete. The technique involves making supporting glass mounts as an alternative to conventional gap-filling with resins. The use of a UV-curing glass adhesive is also discussed.

Pollen analysis and radiocarbon-dating of cores from Loch Pityoulish, Speyside, record the vegetational history of the area surrounding the loch for the greater part of Flandrian time. Although the earliest Flandrian is not represented, it is possible to conclude that by ca. 9000 years BP, birch-hazel woodland was well established, and soils in the catchment had long been stabilized. Pine then invaded and colonized the area in the period from 8000 to 6650 BP, during which time water levels may have been low or falling at some other Eastern Highland sites. Pine-birch forest became established by 6650 BP, but the main expansion of alder was delayed until ca. 5550 BP, after which a forest dominated by pine, but also containing birch, oak and alder developed. Then, at about 3800 BP, birch replaced pine as the main tree within the catchment. From ca 3000 BP onwards, a complex series of vegetation changes takes place which records the effects of successive human cultures upon the landscape. Forest clearance by peoples who were predominantly pastoralists, and correlated with Secondary NAeolithic and Beaker cultures, is followed by a period offorest regeneration between 1650 and 1000 BP, but then further forest clearance by Dark Age peoples begins a phase of exploitation whose impact increases in the last three centuries up to the present.

Four pollen diagrams are used to illustrate the vegetational history of the Nidderdale area (North Yorkshire) from Boreal times to the present. Three groups in particular seem to have had a major impact on woodland decline, the early Bronze Age Beaker people, the Romano-British and the Cistercian monks. The Nidderdale evidence is compared with that from other Pennine sites and it is demonstrated that throughout this large upland region very similar cultural influences have contributed to the establishment of the uniform moorland vegetation of the modern Pennines. THE Pennine Moors are physically somewhat inhospitable and their present population is relatively sparse, yet this region is emerging as one in which the influence of man on the development of the present vegetation can be clearly demonstrated. The present paper aims to illustrate this by reference to palynological studies in the Nidderdale region of the east-central Pennines. This evidence is compared with that from other sites, in order to highlight similarities and contrasts in vegetational history within the Pennine region as a whole.

WHEN IN CHINA during the summer of 1929 I purchased for the University Museum, Philadelphia, a bronze wine jar, or tsun, which was said to have been recently excavated (Plate I). It exhibits a number of exceedingly interesting features. In general it is typical of the so-called Shang bronzes, having a wide band of rich decoration in relief around the middle of the body while the high beaker mouth and spreading base are plain. Inside on the bottom is the typical Shang inscription. But it is unusual both on account of its squat shape and its spotty patina. This patina is in gray green patches over large areas of a brown madder color, while here and there are areas which appeared to have traces of gilding but are in reality only the polished metal itself. The squat shape is surprising, the tsutn nearly fits into a square, being seven and one-eighth inches high and the lip seven inches in diameter. Several tsun of this type in the National Museum in Peking are assigned to the Shang Dynasty by the experts who have just published the catalogue.1 They are all taller and more slender and graceful. In the matter of the design, called an ogre face, or t'ao-t'ieh, ours is almost identical with one of these as well as with a number of other well-known very early bronzes. I have grouped together here (Plate II) outline drawings of several to show the striking similarities of these with the mask from our bronze. All are alike in being close to the original naturalistic design, for each part has real meaning. Conventionality has set in, but the original significance of each feature and the relationship of each to the whole has not yet been lost. Even the upper lips draw back from the nostrils in a real snarl. This is one of the first features to lose its significance. The eyebrow is another. Compare with these an ogre mask from a Ilan bronze in the Sumitomo Collection (Plate

This paper presents an experiment which creates subaqueous, pseudo-volcanoes approximately four centimeters high in a beaker. The nature of the experiment was discovered accidentally in the spring of 1964 when the author was working on a project involving processing of the Ireland Sandstone. The samples were disaggregated and had just undergone hydrochloric acid digestion and were being washed with tap water. This was done by putting the sample in a 400 ml. beaker, filling it with tap water, and stirring the sample vigorously. Each washing was allowed to soak overnight before the water was poured off. One of the beakers was accidentally jarred and several pseudo-volcanoes, such as shown in Plate 1, were observed. As the washing and digestion was not complete at that time and carbon dioxide bubbles were still emerging, the process behind the pseudo-volcanoes was thought to be obvious.

A variety of studies on the biology and life history of Eulimnadia antlei are presented. The nature of the egg hatching mechanism is discussed. Dark- ness inhibits hatching. Sexual and asexual reproduction varies with respect to clutch size, total eggs produced/female, and per cent hatch of the ova. Factors which limit hatching may require separation from those which limit larval survivorship in ecological studies of temporary pond branchiopods. Eulimnadia antlei Mackin has previously been reported from Jack- son, Blaine, and Jefferson counties in Oklahoma where Herbert Antle and J. G. Mackin collected specimens during the 1930's. The species was described by Mackin (1940). The Oklahoma ponds were re- ported to be clear, grassy, water filled depressions 5-15 cm deep and about 1 m in diameter. In June 1966, I found a naturally occurring population of E. antlei at Austin, Texas. The clam shrimp were in a number of solution pools in a layer of limestone which forms the west bank of Barton Creek about one mile above the swimming pool at Zilker Park. These ponds ranged in depth from 5-13 cm and varied in shape from long, narrow troughs to nearly circular, with the largest not exceeding 3.5 m in greatest dimension. Most of the ponds were destroyed before the end of summer by the installation of a sewer line. Dirt removed from the Barton Creek temporary ponds was used to establish the cultures discussed in this report. METHODS. All eggs used in this study were collected from Eulimnadia antlei raised in outdoor aquaria at Austin, Texas. Females carrying eggs were placed in a beaker of habitat water. The eggs they deposited were removed with a pipet the next day and stored in screw cap vials of water from the same beaker. Eggs used for an experiment were taken from the same lot to insure uniformity and mixed: frequently during counting to insure randomness.

Puritans to their religious ideals fortunately did not always dull their appreciation of the beautiful. Before leaving England they had seen pieces of plate and loved their beauty, and numerous articles of English wrought silver were included among the household goods that crossed the ocean with them. Some of the earliest New England homes, crude and primitive though they were, were brightened by the soft reflection of light from a silver tankard or beaker. The appearance of the silversmith's craft in New England soon after our forefathers settled in the wilderness here is

These myriapods were collected on trips taken in connection with the author's thesis problem2 dealing with the habitats of insects in their hibernating state. The actual territory studied, lying within an approximate eleven mile radius of Urbana, included as stations the six communities of Bondville, Champaign, Mahomet, Mayview, St. Joseph, and Urbana. The myriapods, which were not covered in the thesis, were for the most part taken with the use of a Jacot3 apparatus, a modification of the one proposed by Berlese. Different types of litter, collected and bagged in the field, were brought to the laboratory and placed in the apparatus. Essentially this consisted of a large funnel of sheet steel or copper with a sieve at the bottom. A 300 watt bulb was suspended within an incl of the litter to drive the animals downward by dry heat. At the base of the funnel a beaker of 70 percent alcohol was placed to catch the specimens as they came through the sieve. The myriapods were determined by Dr. R. V. Chamberlin, Department of Biology, University of Utah. The species are arranged alphabetically under the two orders collected

One hundred 'Pyrex' beakers (250-ml with a spout or 400-ml tall-form without a spout) were marked at the 170-cm3 level and were filled to this point with distilled water. The depth of 170 cm3 of water was c. 5*5 cm in either type of beaker, this depth being the same as that employed when broadcasting rice seeds in fields in the United States (Grist 1965). Ten unhulled, unwashed, and unsterilized rice seeds without any fungicidal dressing (Oryza sativa, var. Hokkaido-Carny) were dropped into each of ninety beakers. Only those seeds which sank quickly to the bottom of the beakers when dropped into the water were used. Any seeds that floated after repeated immersion in the water were discarded and replaced with seeds that settled rapidly to the bottom of the beakers. No attempt was made to remove any gas bubbles that became trapped in the hulls of the seeds as long as the seeds settled quickly on the bottom of the vessels. Seeds were not put into the remaining ten beakers. The surface of the water in thirty beakers with seeds and in the ten beakers without seeds was overlayed with 30 cm3 of olive oil per beaker (British Pharmacopoeia Standard). Ten beakers were overlayed with 3 cm3 of olive oil, ten beakers with 1 cm3 of olive oil, and ten beakers with 30 cm3 of liquid paraffin (light grade) per beaker. The surface of the water in the remaining thirty beakers was left with a normal air-water interface (no oil overlay). All beakers of all treatments were covered with thin watch-glasses (7.5 cm diameter) to prevent debris from falling into the vessels and to reduce the evaporation of water from the beakers without an oil overlay. The water level in the beakers without the oil overlay was checked daily and was maintained at the 170-cm3 level by adding distilled water whenever necessary. The 30-cm3 olive-oil overlay was removed from one-half of all treatments containing seeds on the fourteenth day and from the remaining half of these treatments on the twenty-fourth day after the start of the investigation. Oxygen electrode measurements of the water of all treatments were made on the fourteenth and twenty-fourth day just prior to the removal of the 30-cm3 olive oil overlay. The oil layer was removed by filling the