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Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth（SIBO） refers to the phenomenon of overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestine and changes of bacterial species caused by various reasons. This concept was first proposed in the 1970s to describe the pathophysiology of abdominal pain, diarrhea and malnutrition in patients after gastrointestinal surgery. With greater understanding, there is growing evidence that SIBO is closely related to digestive diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, fatty liver disease, and even metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Even more, some metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity are associated with SIBO. However, there is some debate about the "gold standard" and method for diagnosing SIBO. This article reviews the conceptual changes and diagnosis of SIBO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]