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Futuwwa can be called the institutionalized name of the ideal of building a moral life and society based on the principle of doing good things and not doing bad things in the Islamic framework. Akhizm is the institutional form of it, which was formed by the Turks in Anatolia, mostly over the tradesmen and craftsmen. This understanding maintains its currency especially in Turkey; it continues to be remembered with longing and admiration, and many researches and programs are being conducted on it. However, there are important deficiencies in the studies and programs about the essence and integrity of the subject. Chief among these is the serious lack of information on the basis and sources of futuwwa and akhism. The aim of this study is to systematically examine the sources of futuwwa and akhism studies as a whole. Although the number of studies in this field has increased in recent years, the number of original studies made by reaching first-degree sources is quite limited. In studies based on sources, the diversity of sources seems to be very low. First of all, certain futuwwatnamas are applied to a great extent in futuwwa and akhism studies. However, the diversity and depth of these documents need to be taken into account with a holistic approach. Moreover, although there are many sources in this field other than futuwwatnamas, the number of studies based on some of them is either very little or not at all. Considering that mistakes occur in the principles when there is a mistake in the procedure, the sources of futuwwa and akhism were examined under 13 sub-headings for the first time in the present study; it was even stated which ones would be more suitable for futuwwa studies in general and which ones would be more suitable for akhism studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participation banks, operating in Turkey, provide banking services to their customers due to carry out the principles of Islamic economics and finance. Customers who want to use their savings in interest-free investment tools apply for information are usually participation banking branches the first places to apply. Therefore, branch staff, especially those who appeal to customers, should have sufficient knowledge and equipment in terms of Islamic economy and finance. This study aims to determine whether Islamic economy and finance trainings given to branch employees have an impact on branch performance and which training methods are more efficient. Firstly, Islamic economy and finance trainings were given to the branch staff working in participation banking through the standard classroom method. Secondly, distance education method was used through virtual classrooms. Thirdly, VR (virtual reality) application was developed and trainings were given using the virtual reality method. After the trainings made with three different methods, the results obtained by effect and result analysis were compared. Within the framework of the results, VIKOR research method was used to determine which method contributed to branch performance for the Islamic economics and finance trainings for participation banking personnel. According to the findings obtained from this research, it has been determined that the Islamic economy and finance trainings given to the participation bank employees positively affects the branch individual performances and the best methods in terms of performance efficiency are the trainings provided in virtual reality and distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]