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Objective: To determine the impact of pulmonary hypertension (PH) on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients' cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Methods: We included 90 MHD patients, divided into group with PH and group without PH. All patients had been followed up for 4 years, and the primary endpoints were all cause mortality and cardiovascular events. We compared the clinical data and the endpoint events between the two groups. Results: We found PH in 37 patients (41.11%). The incidence of previous cardiovascular disease in group with PH was significantly higher than that in group without PH (X2=2.034, P < 0.05). The left atrial diameter in group with PH was significantly higher than that in group without PH (t = 7.265, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that previous cardiovascular disease and left atrial diameter were the independent determinants of PH. The rate of new cardiovascular events in group with PH(59.5%) was significantly higher than that in group without PH(34%) (X2=9.203, P < 0.05). The associated variables of cardiovascular events were:systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, age, history cardiovascular disease, hs-CRP, ejection fraction, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. In a multivariate model, the PH maintained its independent association. The mortality rate in group with PH (48.6%) was significantly higher than that in group without PH (26.4%) (X2=5.049, P < 0.05). In the Cox survival analysis, we found an association between mortality and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, age, previous cardiovascular disease, Alb, ejection fraction. In a multivariate model the PH remains as independent predictor of mortality. Conclusion: Pulmonary hypertension is common in HD patients and a valuable predictor of mortality and cardiovascular events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]