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Introduction: Gall Stone Disease shows aprevalence of 10-15% with 1.4% incidence every year in developed nations. Gall bladder illness results in a expenditure of 6.2 billion US dollars, which has risen by 20% in last 30 years and has built up a considerable health burden. Various risk factors for formation of gall stones have been postulated such as dietary habits, gender, obesity, age, multiparity and decreased physical activity. Methods: The present study was conducted on 50 patients with gall stones disease admitted in the Department of Surgery during period of 2020-2022 at MMMC & H Kumarhatti, Solan, H.P. Gall stones assessed by clinical and ultrasonographic examination of abdomen and confirmed on gross operative findings. Fasting 10 ml peripheral venous blood was collected from each patient and was processed for Serum Lipid Profile. Results: In our study,Total 50 patients with Gall stones were recruited. The Mean age was 49.48±12.78 years. 70% were females and 30 % were males.The mean BMI was 25.25±2.79 kg/m2. 50% of the study population had BMI in the healthier range while 44% had BMI in overweight category and only 6% patients with gall bladder stones were obese. The mean Total cholesterol was 207.98±54.11mg/dl, TG was 156.02±40.09mg/dl, HDL was 35.70±9.96 mg/dl, LDL was 141.08±49.05mg/dl while VLDL was 31.20±8.0209mg/dl Conclusion: Present study showed that Mean Age is 49.48 ± 12.78 years. Females are more affected with Gall Stones than Males. Patients with raised Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL, VLDL had higher BMI(Overweight and Obese category), HDL was below normal with higher BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) constitute a salient proportion of urological consultations in males. There is significant concurrence among Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), chronic prostatitis and prostate cancer vis-a-vis clinical presentation, radiological imaging and PSA levels. The present study was a cross sectional study to understand correlation between TRUS and MRI findings in patients with elevated serum PSA levels. Materials and methods: The study was done on 40 patients with LUTS and elevated serum PSA levels (>4ng/ml). These patients were subjected to both TRUS and MRI.Patients showing imaging features suspicious for carcinoma prostate were subjected to TRUS guided biopsy and histopathological evaluation was done. Results: The largest number of cases i.e., 17 (42.50%) were of 66-75 years age group. The highest number of participants i.e., 24 (60%) had PSA levels in 10-20 ng/ml range. The average prostate volume calculated by TRUS was 31.3 ml and by MRI was 33.2 ml. Abnormalities of the central gland/ transition zone were found in 39(97.5%) patients on TRUS. Abnormalities of the central gland/ transition zone were found in all 40 (100%) cases on T2WI and 20 (50%) cases on DWI/ ADC. Abnormalities of the peripheral zone were found in 5 (12.5%) cases on TRUS. Abnormalities of the peripheral zone were found in 7 (17.5%) cases on DWI/ADC and 28 (70%) cases on T2WI. Overall, in our study 32 out of 40 patients were provisionally diagnosed as benign prostatic pathology and 8 patients as cases of prostate carcinoma on radiological imaging. Conclusion: In our study, it was found that the chances of malignancy increase with rising PSA levels especially significantly after 20ng/ml. MRI was found to be better than TRUS in the assessment of prostatic parenchyma and consequently in differentiating between benign and prostatic carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of various extracts of Aloe vera Barbadensis Miller root for anti-inflammatory activity by simple, reliable less toxic less time consuming, activity checked under the HRBC membrane stabilization method. Since HRBC membrane is similar lysosomal membrane which influence in the process of inflammation. Water ethanol, extracts of aloe vera root was subjected to check the stabilization of HRBC membrane to predict the anti-inflammatory activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present project work was to investigate the active constituent of plant Piper betel characterized for its antimicrobial activity. For the research analysis the stem powder subjected to phytochemical screening and was found to contain carbohydrate, protein, polyphenolic compounds, flavonoid, alkaloids and total antioxidant. The estimation and evaluation of antimicrobial activity was done by disc diffusion method. For this the different concentration ethanolic extract (20, 40, 60 & 80%) was prepared and from which initial concentration of 1mg/ml were loaded on 6mm dimension filter paper which was sterilized previously by autoclaving. The loaded disc was placed on surface of medium and the compound was allowed to diffuse for 5 minutes and all the plated were incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs. The end of incubation, inhibition zones formed around the disc in few mm, measurement done by using the ruler. As, a result the maximum inhibition was showed by the concentration of 60% dilution. The extract confirmed significant antimicrobial activity against the bacterial strains test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid -19 a virus caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome. It belongs to genus -- Bettacoronavirus and family-Coronaviridae. In most of countries pandemic occurred due to this virus, in Dec 2019 an upsurge of covid-19 occurred in Wuhan city of China. WHO declared as public health emergency of international in the month of Jan 2020? Covid-19 a RNA dependent virus which is composed of cap of crown like structure and spike like protein located at outer part of virus these spikes are composed of glycoprotein .Various enzymes are in maturation of life cycle of virus such chymotrypsin like protease, therefore main target for antiviral activity. The emerging trend of Remdesivir a broad spectrum antiviral drug which shows potent effect in inhibiting viral replication. Initialisation stage of attachment of virus through spike protein into host cell is also inhibited. In recent study combination of Mycophenolic acid acyl glucronic with Remdesivir shows the potent inhibitory effect on Covid-19. The side effects are not clear but in some clinical study acute inflammatory disease of kidney are seen. As this drug after showing their inhibitory actions on viral replication also suppress the production of cytokines and due to over suppression leads to cytokine mediated inflammatory disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study to Review role of Hydroxy chloroquine Coronavirus pandemic is presently a universal public health emergency. At present, no pharmacological treatment is known to treat this condition, and there is a need to review the available treatment. We intended to analyze the role of hydroxychloroquine remedy in mildly symptomatic patients. Hydroxychloroquine has been shown to prohibit entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into epithelial cells in vitro, but clinical studies found no evidence of reduced fatality when treating patients with COVID-19. We intended to check out the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine for prevention of COVID-19 mortality. In this study we discussed about the Mechanism of action, preparation of drug, side effects and drug interactions A recent observational though reported improved survival when HCQ is given within 2 days of Hospitalization . It has been seen that early administration of HCQ could delay the advancement to more serious illness requiring hospitalization.In this study we discussed about their Anti viral activity which are helpful in the covid-19, their anti malarial activity and also highlights their medicinal uses [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intestinal stoma is an opening for fecal diversion. The purpose of the present study was to identify indications for commonly performed intestinal stomas and to study complications related to it. Methods: This is a retrospective study was carried out in surgical unit of Guru Gobind singh medical college, Faridkot from April 2019 to March 2021. All patients were admitted through emergency and OPD basis and underwent surgery for various reasons and were followed up to note any complication which resulted in the creation of intestinal stomas. The results were collected, analyzed and compared with other studies. Results: Out of 100 patients, 73were males and 27 were females. The mean age was 39.4 years with a range of 16-75 years. 96 stomas were made in emergency and only 4 in routine. There were 72 cases of ileostomy. Out of these, 64 (84%) were loop ileostomy. The most common type of stoma made was loop ileostomy (64%) followed by sigmoid colostomy (14%). Main indication for a stoma formation was enteric perforation (40%) followed by Koch’s abdomen (16%). Of the various complications encountered with intestinal stoma, peristomal excoriation (32%). Conclusions: Inspite of vast exposure of general surgeons towards stoma formation the complications are inevitable. Early detection of complication and its timely management is the keystone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Conducted a study to know the demographic, clinical and biochemical profile of scrub typhus patients. Material and Method: This prospective, cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine at Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan and included 50 cases patients with scrub typhus. The detailed clinical history in which particulars of the patient, chief complaints, history of present illness, past history and family history was taken and physical examination was recorded. Their Complete blood counts, liver function test, kidney function test and serum albumin were done and analysed to find the relation with investigations, symptoms and outcomes of the patient. Results: The majority of patients presented with scrub typhus belonged to 41-50 years age group, with a sex ratio of 1:1. Major presenting symptom was fever, rest of the symptoms were generalized, eschar was present in only one fourth of the patients, hence the diagnosis cannot be ruled out in the absence of eschar. Transaminitis and thrombocytopenia were important investigation finding present in more than three fourth of the patients. Acute hepatitis, AKI, pneumonitis were important complications which lead to MODS. Conclusion: Presence of transaminitis, hypoalbuminemia, thrombocytopenia, AKI, and MODS was associated with poorer outcomes and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel three-dimensional printing technology is discovered with the long-term goal to produce human tissues and the organs for the transplants and the surgical therapy, which is mainly based on the layer-by-layer additive fabricated method and 3D imaging. The aim of this review paper is to give an overview of bioprinting existing literature and the principles and software used to demonstrate how a digital information is transferred into the biological models that imitate the biomimetic organs. This review paper surveys the multiple application of bioprinting technology by demonstrating the current developments and the limitations of bio-materials, the paper highlights the goals, and objectives of the bioprinting and then the brief introduction of new materials and their specific and critical parameters for printing as well as the broad applications areas, and a possible way to sort out the serious problem in shortage of human organs in tissue engineering and regenerative medicines, this paper also highlights the key factors of the printing process, and also the existing challenges of the 3D bioprinting in the selection of cell and material, and the various limitation that prevent approaches in usual clinical practice which includes the unsatisfactory properties of materials, high cost, and relatively long processing durations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aromatherapy is a kind of remedy in which crucial oils are used as the principle therapeutic agent. This kind of therapy makes use of numerous permutation and combos to get comfort from severe illnesses like despair, indigestion, headache, insomnia, muscular pain, breathing problems, pores and skin illnesses, swollen joints, urine related headaches and many others. This review explores the records to be had in the literature concerning healing, scientific, beauty, psychological, olfactory, rubdown aromatherapy, safety problems and distinct flowers utilized in aromatherapy. The crucial oils are extracted from the flowers, barks, stem, leaves, roots, fruits and different components of the plant with the aid of diverse techniques. Aromatic vegetation and their extracts have the potential to emerge as new era materials for human and animal nutrients and fitness. Therefore a strive is made to highlight the importance of essential oils past aroma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to review a current goal of all the researchers to look in-forward. As per the all-current research no accurate treatment out-there but since from the date SARS-COV-2 is declared as a Pandemic the use of Re-purposed drug as per the clinical data have proven effective in some case but It's not a permanent treatment to treat. Researchers are dealing to find the permanent regimen to treat the Covid-19 by developing a vaccine which are in different phases. This Review has an Eagle Eye on the treatment used to treat the SARS-COV-2 since from the starting. It contains the information on structure of Covid-19, lethality along with the description of re-purposed drug with its mechanism and the efficacy as per data and the vaccines which are currently approved till date and are employed for the treatment globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]