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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread over the world. Although there are minimal microbiological and antibiotic data on COVID-19, bacterial co-infections have been related to poor outcomes in respiratory viral infections. Adequate antibiotic use in conformity with antibiotic stewardship (ABS) recommendations is necessary during the pandemic. Material and procedure: We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort analysis of 140 adult hospitalised patients (ages 17-99) with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted between February 16, 2021, and April 22, 2021, and who were discharged on May 6, 2021. From 140 COVID-19 participants, the following clinical data was gathered: Men made up 63.5 percent of the participants, with a median age of 63.5 years (range 17-99). Results: According to local ABS recommendations, the most commonly administered antibiotic regimen was ampicillin/sulbactam (41.5 percent) with a median length of 6 (range 1-13) days. Urine antigen testing for Legionella pneumophila and Streptococcus peumoniae was negative in all of the patients. In critically ill patients hospitalised to intensive care units (n = 50), co-infections with Enterobacterales (34.0%) and Aspergillus fumigatus (18.0%) were discovered. Blood cultures obtained at admission had a diagnostic yield of 4.2 percent. Conclusion: While bacterial and fungal co-infections are rare in COVID-19 patients, they are widespread in critically ill individuals. More investigation into the impact of antimicrobial therapy on therapeutic success in COVID-19 patients is essential to prevent antibiotic abuse.COVID-19 management might be improved with the aid of ABS standards. It's also necessary to look at the microbiological patterns of infectious consequences in COVID-19 individuals who are severely unwell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Body fluids including pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial fluids accumulated in pathologic conditions, including benign and nonneoplastic disorders, and benign and malignant neoplasms. The present study was clinico--cytopathologic study of pericardial effusion. Materials & Methods:37 pericardial effusion specimens of both genders was recorded. Parameters such as cytologic features and the cytologic diagnosis of PE was classified into five categories in accordance with ISRSFC. Results: Out of 37 specimens, males were 20 and females were 17. Diagnosis was negative for malignancy (NFM) in 30, atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) in 4, suspicious for malignancy (SFM) in 2 and positive for malignancy (MAL) in 1 case. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Symptoms/signs were raised jugular venous pulse in 24, breathlessness in 12, tachycardia in 15, tachypnea in 23, fever in 8, hypotension in 4, cough in 10 and body swelling in 3. Etiology was unknown in 15, Tb pericarditis in 6, traumatic in 8, heart disease in 1, renal disease in 1, autoimmune in 3 and malignancy/Suspicion for malignancy in 3 cases. The difference was non-significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion: PF specimens are uncommon. Unknown etiology the most common cause to produce malignant PF in both males and females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]